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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AJMA</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Asian Journal of Management Analytics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2963-4547</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Formosa Publisher</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55927/ajma.v4i3.15144</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Role of Brand Image in Mediating the Influence of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Intention (Study on JEN Coffee in Denpasar City)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Albany</surname>
            <given-names>Anak Agung Ngurah Agung Danan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Universitas Udayana, Indonesia</aff>
          <email>ngurah.danan210@student.unud.ac.id</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Respati</surname>
            <given-names>Ni Nyoman Rsi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Universitas Udayana, Indonesia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Piartrini</surname>
            <given-names>Putu Saroyini</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Universitas Udayana, Indonesia</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>1375</fpage>
      <lpage>1392</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Purchase intention refers to the strong desire of customers to acquire a particular commodity or service because they have high expectations about its value or benefits. The aim of this research is to determine how purchase intention is influenced by brand image through social media marketing. The study was conducted at JEN Coffee in Denpasar City. In this study, 120 participants were selected by a purposive sample strategy. A survey approach was used to collect data, with a questionnaire acting as the study tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as path analysis, were employed data processing techniques. The study found that purchase intention was significantly and favorably impacted by social media marketing, that brand image was significantly and favorably impacted by social media marketing, and that brand image was able to mediate the relationship between these two factors. The study's findings suggest that businesses might use social media marketing more frequently to enhance brand perception and raise the possibility that customers would make a purchase.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Brand Image</kwd>
        <kwd>Purchase Intention</kwd>
        <kwd>Social Media Marketing</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <permissions>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>

<sec>
  <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
  <p>The era of globalization encourages companies to adapt dynamically
  to remain relevant in the midst of change (Fahmi et al., 2020). This
  dynamic requires business actors to move quickly to adjust to the
  ever-changing situation (Wulandari et al., 2024). In addition, the
  modernization process also affects various aspects of life, such as
  the economy, socio-culture, food supply and technology, and
  communication and information technology (Kristiani and Dharmayanti,
  2017). Humans continue to keep up with technological advancements, one
  of which is through various innovations on social media that can help
  their work as business actors. The internet is very useful for
  business actors as a marketing medium.</p>
  <p>Social media provides a space for all parties to be able to
  communicate and provide information without being hindered by distance
  and time. The number of social media users continues to increase as
  time goes by. As of April 2019, the number of social media users
  reached 3.5 billion in the world, including Instagram users with a
  total of 802 million active users (We Are Social, Global Digital
  Reports, 2020). Today, Instagram has become one of the most popular
  online marketing platforms among business people, while also occupying
  a position as the second most used social media in the world after
  Facebook (Statista, 2023). Instagram is used by business people,
  especially in the field of Food and Beverages. The increasing number
  of business people who market their products through Instagram makes
  business competition even tighter, one of which is in the coffee shop
  business. Coffee shop entrepreneurs are increasing every year, which
  puts pressure on them to be active in marketing their products through
  social media which is currently widely used, namely Instagram.</p>
  <graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="vertopal_665f098dc9a74527b3d76cd52464be57/media/image3.png" />
  <sec id="figure-1.-number-of-coffee-shops-in-indonesia-in-2019-2023">
    <title>Figure 1. Number of Coffee Shops in Indonesia in
    2019-2023</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Source: Indonesian Coffee and Chocolate Entrepreneurs
      Association (APKCI) 2023</italic></p>
    </disp-quote>
    <p>A pre-survey related to the purchase intention of JEN Coffee
    products has been conducted on 30 respondents who live in Bali
    Province and have never purchased JEN Coffee products. Of the 30
    respondents, as many as 11 people have seen JEN Coffee
    advertisements/promotions. In addition, as many as 10 people have
    recommended JEN Coffee to friends or family after seeing
    advertisements on social media. Only 8 respondents considered JEN
    Coffee to have a unique image compared to competitors.</p>
    <p>The pre-survey that has been conducted shows that there is no
    consistency regarding the influence of social media marketing on
    purchase intention. Therefore, there is a need for other variables
    that can mediate the influence of social media marketing on purchase
    intention. Researchers view that brand</p>
    <p>image can have an impact, because an effective social media
    marketing strategy can improve brand image by creating an attractive
    and trustworthy impression in the eyes of consumers. A strong brand
    image will encourage someone to make a purchase.</p>
    <p>This research has an urgency to understand the effectiveness of
    using social media marketing as one of the strategies in increasing
    purchase intention in JEN Coffee with brand image as mediation.
    Thus, this research is expected to be able to be a reference for
    developing a more effective marketing strategy and have a positive
    impact on the company.</p>
    <p>A study titled &quot;The Role of Brand Image Mediates the
    Influence of Social Media Marketing on the Purchase Intention of JEN
    Coffee Products in Denpasar City&quot; ought to be conducted in
    light of the above description.</p>
  </sec>
</sec>












<sec>
  <title>LITERATURE REVIEW</title>
  <p>This research is based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R)
  theory first developed by Hovland in 1953 and is widely used in
  psychology and communication science. This theory explains that an
  external stimulus will be processed by the organism (in this case the
  consumer) and produce a response. In the context of this study, social
  media marketing (stimulus) affects consumer perception of brands
  (organisms), which then forms purchase intent (response) (Mehrabian
  &amp; Russell, 1974; Kurniawan, 2018; Nawiroh, 2016). Social media
  marketing is an external trigger that is expected to form a strong
  brand image, which ultimately encourages consumers to make
  purchases.</p>
  <p>Purchase intention is defined as a person's desire or tendency to
  buy a product or service, which arises from the expectation that the
  product can meet his or her needs or preferences (Kotler &amp; Keller,
  2016). Ferdinand (2014) stated that buying interest can be identified
  through several indicators such as transactional interest, referral
  interest, preferential interest, and explorative interest. In
  addition, the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) approach from
  Kotler and Armstrong (2016) is also often used to explain the stages
  in the process of forming buying intentions. Factors that affect
  purchase intent include product quality, price, experience, brand
  image, and effective marketing strategies.</p>
  <p>Social media marketing is a modern marketing strategy that uses
  digital media such as Instagram, Facebook, and other platforms to
  build brand awareness and establish direct communication with
  consumers (Chen &amp; Chieh- Peng, 2019). This strategy allows
  companies to reach a wider audience with engaging, interactive,
  relevant, and informative content (Hanaysha, 2022). According to
  Wibowo et al. (2021) and Okriyanto et al. (2022), the success of
  social media marketing is determined by aspects of entertainment,
  content sharing, customization, and trendiness. Previous research has
  also shown that the effectiveness of social media marketing can affect
  consumer perception of brands and significantly increase purchase
  intention (Malarvizhi et al., 2022; Shahbaznezhad et al., 2021).</p>
  <p>Brand image is defined as consumer perception formed from various
  experiences and information about a brand (Kotler &amp; Keller, 2016).
  A positive</p>
  <p>brand image is able to provide more value in the eyes of consumers
  and increase the likelihood of a purchase (Fasha et al., 2021;
  Nandaika &amp; Respati, 2021). Aaker and Biel in Manik and Siregar
  (2022) group brand image into three main dimensions, namely corporate
  image (perception of the company), user image (perception of product
  users), and product image (product attributes and benefits). A strong
  brand image not only creates consumer loyalty, but also serves as an
  important mediator between social media marketing and purchase intent,
  as explained by several previous studies (Salhab et al., 2023; Huda et
  al., 2022).</p>
</sec>














<sec>
  <title>METHODOLOGY</title>
  <p>This study is a quantitative research with a causal associative
  approach that aims to explain the cause-effect relationship between
  social media marketing variables, brand image as a mediating variable,
  and purchase intention as dependent variables. The research location
  was conducted in the city of Denpasar, Bali, which has a high level of
  internet access and people who actively use social media, so it is
  considered relevant to the topic raised. The object of this research
  is consumer behavior towards JEN Coffee's social media marketing
  strategy, perception of its brand image, and desire to purchase
  (purchase intention).</p>
  <p>The variables used in this study consisted of three, namely
  exogenous variables (social media marketing), mediation variables
  (brand image), and endogenous variables (purchase intention). The
  research population is people in Denpasar City who have never bought
  JEN Coffee products, but have seen advertisements or promotions of JEN
  Coffee on social media. The number of samples used was 120
  respondents, determined based on the number of variable indicators
  multiplied by ten. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling,
  with the following criteria: respondents were at least 17 years old,
  had a minimum high school education/equivalent, lived in Denpasar
  City, had never bought JEN Coffee products, and had seen JEN Coffee
  promotions on social media.</p>
  <p>The types of data used are quantitative data in the form of
  questionnaire results and qualitative data in the form of JEN Coffee's
  business profile. The data source consists of primary data obtained
  directly from respondents through questionnaires, as well as secondary
  data obtained from journals, books, and other relevant sources. Data
  collection was carried out through a survey method by distributing
  questionnaires in person or online using Google Form. The research
  instrument used was a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale (1
  = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).</p>
  <p>The validity test shows that all statement items in the
  questionnaire have a Pearson correlation value above 0.3, so they are
  declared valid. The reliability test also showed that all variables
  had Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.6, which means the entire
  instrument was reliable. The data analysis techniques used consisted
  of descriptive statistical analysis to describe the characteristics
  and answers of respondents, as well as inferential statistical
  analysis with a path analysis approach to test the direct and indirect
  relationship between variables, and the Sobel test to test the
  significance of the mediating role of brand image.</p>
</sec>













<sec>
  <title>RESEARCH RESULT</title>
  <sec id="analysis-of-the-path">
    <title>Analysis of the Path</title>
    <p>The Path analysis, a technique that extends multiple linear
    regression analysis, is used in this study's data test to evaluate
    the causal link between two or more variables. The steps in
    analyzing using Path Analysis are as follows.</p>
    <p>Reporting Regression Analysis Results</p>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 1. Results of Regression Equation Path Analysis</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 1. Results of Regression Equation Path Analysis</label>
      <caption>
        <title><italic>Source: 2025 data processing</italic></title>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top">Model</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="top">Unstandardized Coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Standardized Coefficients B</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">t</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Itself.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center" valign="top">B</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Std. Error</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.176</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.044</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.347</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">10.125</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">R2</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">0.120</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">F</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">16.103</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sig.F</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">0.000</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Considering Table 4.6, the sub-structural regression equation 1
    can be formulated as follows:</p>
    <p>e1 + β1X = M = 0.347X</p>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 2. displays the outcomes of the second regression equation path analysis.</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 2. displays the outcomes of the second regression equation path analysis.</label>
      <caption>
        <title><italic>Source: processed data, 2025</italic></title>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top">Model</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="top">Unstandardized Coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Standardized Coefficients B</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">t</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Itself.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center" valign="top">B</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Std. Error</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.541</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.033</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.803</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">16.299</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Brand image</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.200</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.065</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.150</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">3.051</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.003</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">R2</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">0.750</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">F</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">175.837</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sig.F</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="5">0.000</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Considering Table 4.7, the sub-structural Equation 2 of
    regression can be formulated as follows:</p>
    <p>Y = β2X + β3M + e1</p>
    <p>Y = 0.803X + 0.150M</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="forming-a-path-coefficient-diagram">
    <title>Forming a Path Coefficient Diagram</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Direct influence</italic></p>
    </disp-quote>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <p>The effect of marketing on social media (X) on the intention
        to purchase (Y) is</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>β2 = 0.803</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <label>2.</label>
        <p>2. Social media marketing has a β1 = 0.347 impact on brand
        image.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>3.</label>
        <p>3. The relationship between purchase intention (Y) and brand
        image (M) is</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>β3 = 0.150.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="indirect-influence">
    <title>Indirect influence</title>
    <p>Social media marketing variables' indirect impact on buying
    intention mediated by It is possible to calculate brand image
    through Calculating brand image is feasible.</p>
    <p>= 0.347 x 0.150</p>
    <p>= 0.052</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="total-impact">
    <title>Total Impact</title>
    <p>The overall effect of social media marketing on brand image and
    buying intention as a mediating variable can be computed using the
    equation: Pengaruh total = β2 + (β1 x β3)</p>
    <p>= 0.803 + (0.347 x 0.150)</p>
    <p>= 0.855</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="testing-determination-coefficients-and-errors">
    <title>Testing Determination Coefficients and errors</title>
    <p>The first and second regression models can be used as a
    foundation for a final path diagram model. However, the first step
    is to find the standard error value. To find the standard error
    value, utilize the formula below.</p>
    <p>e= √ (1-R^2)</p>
    <p>e1= √ (1-0.120) =0.938</p>
    <p>e2= √(1-0.750)=0.500</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="calculating-the-path-coefficient-simultaneously">
    <title>Calculating the Path Coefficient Simultaneously</title>
    <p>The findings of the tests that have been performed are used to
    determine the significance value of the F test, which is 0.000. This
    significant value being less than 0.05 suggests that social media
    marketing and brand image elements have a stimulating effect on
    purchase intention.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="summarizing-and-summing-up">
    <title>Summarizing and Summing Up</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 3. Variable total influence, direct influence,and indirect influence</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 3. Variable total influence, direct influence, and indirect influence</label>
      <caption>
        <title><italic>Source Processed primary data, 2025</italic></title>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" valign="top">Influence of variables<break/>(1)</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Direct influence<break/>(2)</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Indirect influence<break/>(3)</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Total Impact<break/>(2+3)</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">X &#x2192; Y</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.803</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.052</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.855</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">X &#x2192; M</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.347</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.347</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">M &#x2192; Y</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.150</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.150</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Table 3. shows the outcomes of these coefficients can be formed
    by channel analysis as follows.</p>
    <disp-quote>
      <graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="png" xlink:href="vertopal_665f098dc9a74527b3d76cd52464be57/media/image4.png" />
      <p>Figure 1. Diagram of the Result of the Path Coefficient with Mediator Classic Assumption Test</p>
      <p><italic>Source. Primary processed data (2025)</italic></p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="normality-test">
    <title>Normality Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 4. Results of the Normality Test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 4. Results of the Normality Test</label>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" valign="top"></th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sub-structural 1</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.067</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sub-structural 2</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.079</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) coefficient was determined based on Table
    4 data. of Sub-structural model 1 was 0.067, the coefficient of
    Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) of Sub- structural model 2 was 0.079. 0.05 is
    more than the value which means that One can conclude that this
    structure model been distributed normally.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="test-of-multicollinearity">
    <title>Test of Multicollinearity</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 5. Results of the Multicollinearity Test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 5. Results of the Multicollinearity Test</label>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top"/>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top">Independent Variables</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="top">Collinearity Statistic</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Tolerance</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">BRIGHT</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sub-structural 2</td>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.880</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">1.136</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Brand image</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.880</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">1.136</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>The results in Table 4.10 for the multicollinearity test in
    Sub-structural model 2 indicate the social media marketing
    tolerance value and brand image variables is 0.880. This value
    exceeds 0.1. The The two variables' VIF value is 1.136, which is
    less than 10. The multicollinearity test findings indicate that
    the pathway model does not exhibit any multicollinearity
    symptoms.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="heteroscedasticity-test">
    <title>Heteroscedasticity Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test Results</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test Results</label>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" valign="top"></th>
            <th align="left" valign="top">Variabel</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Sig.t</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sub-structural 1</td>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.854</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">Albany, Respati, Piartrini</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Sub-structural 2</td>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.187</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top"></td>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Brand image</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.917</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>The output results in Table 4.11 can be seen in Sub-structural 1
    the The variable for social media marketing's significance value is
    0.854. Sub-structural model 2 has a The significance values for the
    social media marketing and brand image variables were 0.187 and
    0.917, respectively. The fact that the significance level exceeds
    0.05 suggests that the model that has been created is declared to
    have no symptoms of heteroscedasticity.</p>
  <sec id="the-sobel-test">
    <title>The Sobel Test</title>
      <p>An analytical technique called the Sobel test is used to
      determine whether the indirect association between independent and
      dependent variables, which is mediated by mediator factors, is
      significant. The steps that are tested in the Sobel Test are as
      follows.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="formula-hypothesis">
      <title>Formula Hypothesis</title>
      <p>H0 : Social media marketing's impact on purchase intention is
      not mediated by brand image.</p>
      <p>H4: A mediating factor in the relationship between social media
      marketing and purchase intention is brand image.</p>
  </sec>
    <sec id="criteria-for-testing">
      <title>Criteria for Testing</title>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p>H0 is acceptable if z computes ≤ 1.96, indicating that
          brand image is not a</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>mediating variable.</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <label>2.</label>
          <p>H0 is rejected if z computes greater than 1.96, indicating
          that brand image serves as a mediating
          factor<italic><bold>.</bold></italic></p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
    </sec>
    <sec id="statistical-calculation">
      <title>Statistical Calculation</title>
      <p>A = 0.176; Sa = 0.044; b = 0.200; Sb = 0.065 z= (a.b)/√(a^2
      〖Sb〗^2+ b^2 〖Sa〗</p>
      <p>^2 ) z= (0,176.0,200)/√(〖0,176〗^2 〖0,065〗^2+ 〖0,200〗^2
      〖0,044〗^2 ) z= 2.43</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="conclusion">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Because z is calculated by 2.43 is greater than z table by 1.96
      (z counts &gt; z- tablesuggests that brand image may be one
      element that reduces the impact of social media advertising on
      consumers' intentions to buy.</p>
    </sec>
  <sec id="hypothesis-testing">
    <title>Hypothesis Testing</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 7. T-Test Results</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap id="tbl7">
      <label>Table 7. T-Test Results</label>
      <caption>
        <title><italic>Source. Primary processed data, 2025 (Appendix 9)</italic></title>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" valign="top">Influence</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Standardized coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">t - count</th>
            <th align="center" valign="top">Itself.</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing &#x2192; purchase intention</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.347</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">10.125</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Social media marketing &#x2192; brand image</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.803</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">16.299</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="4">Asian Journal of Management Analytics (AJMA)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="4">Vol. 4, No. 3, 2025: 1375-1392</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top">Brand image &#x2192; purchase intention</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.150</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">3.051</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0.003</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
      <p>Table 4.12's SPSS output results indicate that the following
      research hypotheses were tested.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p><italic><bold>Social Media Marketing's Effect on Purchase
        Intention</bold></italic> Hypothesis testing is carried out with
        the following steps: Formula hypothesis</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>H0: Purchase intention is not significantly positively impacted
      by social media marketing.</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>H1: Purchase intention is significantly improved by social
        media marketing.</p>
      </disp-quote>
    </sec>
    <sec id="testing-criteria">
      <title>Testing criteria</title>
      <list list-type="alpha-lower">
        <list-item>
          <label>a)</label>
          <p>If the value of t is calculated &gt; t table (1.682) and
          the significance value is larger than 0.05 (sig. &gt; 0.05),
          then H0 is accepted and H1 is refused.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <label>b)</label>
          <p>The rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1 occur when the
          significance value (sig. &lt; 0.05) is less than 0.05..</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <label>c)</label>
          <p>Conclusion</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>From the results of the SPSS calculation, a comparison of
        significance values of 0.000 (sig &lt; 0.05), t-calculation
        results of 10.125 (t-calculation &gt; t-table), and the value of
        standardised The coefficients show a positive trend of 0.347.
        This indicates that purchase intent is positively and
        significantly impacted by social media marketing, ruling out H0
        and accepting H1.</p>
      </disp-quote>
    </sec>
    <sec id="social-media-marketings-effect-on-brand-image">
      <title>Social Media Marketing's Effect on Brand Image</title>
      <p>Hypothesis testing carried out with following steps:</p>
      <list list-type="alpha-lower">
        <list-item>
          <label>a)</label>
          <p>Formulasi hypothesis</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>H0 Social media promotion has no discernible beneficial
        impact on brand perception.</p>
        <p>H2: Brand image is greatly enhanced by social media
        marketing.</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <list list-type="alpha-lower">
        <list-item>
          <label>b)</label>
          <p>The criterion for testing</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>The rejection of H2 and acceptance of H0 occur when the
        significance value (sig. &gt; 0.05) is larger than 0.05 and the
        value of t is determined &gt; t table (1.682). The rejection of
        H0 occurs if the significance value is less than 0.05 (sig. &lt;
        0.05). and H2 is accepted.</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <p>b) Conclusion</p>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>Based on the SPSS computation results, a comparison of the
        significance values of 0.000 (sig &lt; 0.05), the t-calculation
        result was 16.299 (t-calculation &gt; t-table), and the value of
        standardised coefficients was 0.803 which indicated a in a
        favorable manner. H2 is approved and H0 is denied since it shows
        that social media marketing has a positive and substantial
        impact on brand image.</p>
      </disp-quote>
    </sec>
    <sec id="brand-images-impact-on-buying-intention">
      <title>Brand image's impact on buying intention</title>
      <p>Hypothesis testing is carried out with the following steps:</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <label>1)</label>
          <p>The hypothesis's formulation</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>H0: Brand image does not considerably positively affect
        purchase intention. H3: Brand image considerably increases the
        intention to purchase.</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <label>2)</label>
          <p specific-use="wrapper">
            <disp-quote>
              <p>Looking at guidelines</p>
            </disp-quote>
          </p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>When t &gt; t table (1.682) is computed and the significant
        value is more than</p>
        <p>0.05 (sig. &gt; 0.05), H0 is accepted and H3 is refused.</p>
        <p>To reject H0 and accept H3, the significance value (sig. &lt;
        0.05) must be less than 0.05..</p>
      </disp-quote>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <label>3)</label>
          <p specific-use="wrapper">
            <disp-quote>
              <p>Conclusion</p>
            </disp-quote>
          </p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <disp-quote>
        <p>From the results of the SPSS calculation, a significance
        value comparison of</p>
        <p>0.003 (sig &lt; 0.05), the t-calculation result was 3.051
        (t-calculation &gt; t-table), and the value of standardised
        coefficients was 0.150 which indicated a positive direction.
        This demonstrates that brand image significantly and favorably
        influences purchase intention, indicating that H0 is rejected
        and H3 is accepted.</p>
      </disp-quote>
    </sec>
  </sec>
</sec>









<sec>
  <title>DISCUSSION</title>
  <sec id="social-media-marketings-effect-on-purchase-intention">
    <title>Social Media Marketing's Effect on Purchase Intention</title>
    <p>Purchase intention is positively and significantly impacted by
    social media marketing, according to the study's findings. These
    results prove that marketing strategies through social media have
    vital role in promoting clients' desire to make purchases. Social
    media has become one of the main channels of modern marketing
    communication, allowing brands to communiti directly with their
    consumers in person and in in real time. Social media marketing
    includes various activities such as disseminating product
    information, promotion, two- way interaction with consumers, and
    presenting content that is engaging and emotionally relevant. SOR
    theory explains that social media marketing is a stimulus (S) that
    triggers psychological responses in consumers (organisms/O), such as
    interest, trust, and interest in products, which then produces
    responses</p>
    <p>(R) in the form of purchase intent. These results are in keeping
    with the results of Zhan et al., (2016) In keeping with the results
    of marketing can support companies in increasing customer
    satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to increasing buying
    interest in products or services offered by companies. Aji et al.,.
    (2020) which states that buying intention is significantly and
    favorably impacted by social media marketing. Choedon and Lee (2020)
    also support this by stating that purchase intention is positively
    and significantly impacted by social media marketing.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="social-media-marketings-effect-on-brand-image-1">
    <title>Social Media Marketing's Effect on Brand Image</title>
    <p>According to the study's findings, social media marketing
    significantly improves consumers' perceptions of a company. These
    findings demonstrate that customers will have a more favorable
    opinion of the company the more successfully a social media
    marketing strategy is applied. Customers can develop stronger brand
    ties when social media marketing tactics are used consistently and
    wisely. Positive experiences that support the brand's reputation can
    be achieved through campaigns that are pertinent to the target
    market's values and way of life, engaging content, and prompt
    resolution of inquiries or grievances. Jen One of the most important
    tools for coffee brand</p>
    <p>promotion is social media. Not only does it focus on product
    promotion, but it also creates added value through content that is
    educational, entertaining, and builds long-term relationships with
    consumers. In the current digital age, social media serves as a
    strategic tool for enhancing and forming brand image in addition to
    being a means of reaching a larger audience. The theory known as S-
    O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) explains how environmental stimuli
    impact consumer behavior. These stimuli are then processed
    internally by the organism, resulting in a particular response. One
    tactic for reaching customers online is social media marketing,
    which aims to boost a company's success (Elaydi 2018). The findings
    of a study by Jasin (2022) that found social media marketing can
    significantly improve brand image are consistent with this outcome.
    Harvina et al.'s brand image can be significantly and favorably
    impacted by social media marketing (2022).</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="brand-images-impact-on-buying-intention-1">
    <title>Brand image's impact on buying intention</title>
    <p>Purchase intention is positively and significantly impacted by
    brand image, according to the study's findings. These results show
    that the more positive the image of a brand in the eyes of
    consumers, the higher the desire of consumers to buy products from
    the brand. These results strengthen the understanding that brand
    image has an important role in shaping consumer perception and
    belief in the products or services offered. Brand image includes a
    collection of associations that consumers have with a brand, whether
    it is related to quality, reliability, reputation, or emotional
    value. When consumers perceive a business favorably. Consumers tend
    to choose brands they know and trust, as this reduces the risk in
    the purchase and provides a sense of emotional comfort. Even when
    there is a large selection of similar products on the market, brands
    with a positive image will have a higher chance of being chosen.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="social-media-marketings-impact-on-purchase-intention-is-mediated-by-brand-image.">
    <title>Social media marketing's impact on purchase intention is
    mediated by brand image.</title>
    <p>The study's findings indicate that social media marketing's
    impact on purchase intention can be somewhat mediated by brand
    image. This suggests that marketing can raise consumer interest in
    purchasing and when communicated through brand image, buying
    interest will increase. Social media marketing is an external
    stimulus received by consumers through digital platforms. This form
    of stimulus includes promotions, interactive content, customer
    reviews, and two-way communication by brands through social media.
    Based on the S-O-R theory, this stimulus serves to attract consumer
    attention and create an initial experience that shapes the
    perception of the brand. Brand image represents the internal
    condition of consumers in processing stimulus. This includes
    perceptions, associations, and emotions formed towards brands based
    on consumer interactions with brands through social media. In the
    S-O-R theory, it is this stage of the organism that determines how
    the stimulus is captured, interpreted, and responded. Purchase
    intention is the end result or response of the stimulus and organism
    processes. This is the consumer's intention or desire to make a
    purchase. In the S-O-R theory, the response arises after the
    stimulus is</p>
    <p>processed internally by the organism. These results are In
    keeping with Huda et al.'s research, brand image can significantly
    and favorably mediate social media marketing to purchase intention
    (2022). Brand image has the potential to significantly and favorably
    mediate the impact of social media marketing on purchase intention,
    according to Sabella et al. (2020). Moreover, Mukhsoni et al.'s
    research from 2022 supports the idea that brand image can influence
    purchase intention in a positive and significant way through social
    media marketing.</p>
  </sec>
  <sec id="research-implications">
    <title>Research Implications</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Practical Implications</italic></p>
    </disp-quote>
    <p>This research creates practical implications for JEN Coffee to
    being able to use social media marketing more frequently to improve
    brand perception, which in turn can raise purchase intent. This
    study can serve as a reference for JEN Coffee in order to formulate
    a social media marketing strategy.</p>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Implications for Theory</italic></p>
    </disp-quote>
    <p>This study clarified the theoretical foundation supporting the
    hypothesis, which is the part brand image plays in comprehending how
    social media marketing affects consumers' purchase intentions. The
    S-O-R theory in regard to social media marketing is empirically
    supported by this study, specifically for JEN Coffee. The results of
    the study indicate that one external stimulus, social media
    marketing, can affect customers' internal brand impressions, which
    in turn can affect their inclination to buy. This results support
    the validity of S-O-R theory in explaining the relationship between
    digital promotion and modern consumer behavior, especially among
    active social media users.</p>
  </sec>
</sec>









<sec>
  <title>CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS</title>
  <sec id="conclusion-1">
    <title>Conclusion</title>
    <p>on the basis of the problem formulation, the research's goal, and
    the findings that were reported in the preceding chapter. The
    study's findings support the following conclusion:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <label>1)</label>
        <p>Marketing strategies through social media, such as
        interesting, informative, and on-trend content, can directly
        increase consumer purchase intent. The more effective and
        consistent the promotion is carried out on social media, the
        higher the likelihood that buyers will desire to buy JEN's
        merchandise Coffee.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>2)</label>
        <p>Promotional tactics implemented via social media, such as
        interesting, informative, and interactive content, are able to
        form a positive image of consumers towards JEN Coffee. This
        demonstrates that social media advertising is not only a means
        of conveying information, but also effective in building a
        strong brand perception.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>3)</label>
        <p>A positive brand image is the key to encouraging customer
        purchase intent. When consumers have a positive view of JEN
        Coffee's image both in terms of quality, the atmosphere of the
        place, and the impression of the brand, it increases consumers'
        intention to buy products. A good brand image is the key to
        encouraging customer purchase intent.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>4)</label>
        <p>Promotion through social media can directly encourage
        consumers' purchase intentions, but the influence will be
        stronger if consumers first make a favorable impression of the
        brand. That is to say, brand image increases the efficacy of
        digital promotions on purchase decisions.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
  </sec>
  <sec id="recommendation">
    <title>Recommendation</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Based on the findings of the study, the following
      recommendations can be</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <p>made:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <label>1)</label>
        <p>Get out the JEN coffee.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>2)</label>
        <p>By focusing on brand image and social media marketing, JEN
        Coffee can enhance purchase intention by taking into account the
        following factors:</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>3)</label>
        <p>JEN Coffee could enhance the caliber of its social media
        material in order to boost content engagement, as indicated by
        the descriptive study results on the social media marketing
        variable with the lowest average, &quot;I often see JEN Coffee
        product content on Instagram more than twice a month.&quot;
        Customers who would like to purchase JEN Coffee may become more
        interested as a result.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>4)</label>
        <p>Based on the results of the analysis on the brand image
        variable that has the lowest average, namely the statement
        &quot;I feel that JEN Coffee has packaging that looks
        exclusive&quot;, for JEN Coffee it is recommended to create more
        unique packaging in order to improve the brand image.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>5)</label>
        <p>The management of JEN Coffee should improve the consistency
        and quality of the marketing plan on social media. Promotional
        content that is informative, visually appealing, follows trends,
        and invites two-way interaction has been proven to have a
        positive influence on brand image and consumer purchase
        intention.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
  </sec>
</sec>






<sec>
  <title>ADVANCED RESEARCH</title>
  <p>The next Since there are many other MSMEs, it is anticipated that
  research will be able to broaden its scope beyond a particular MSME,
  including factors that affect consumers' intentions to buy, and shift
  its focus away from Denpasar in order to provide a more comprehensive
  viewpoint that can be used widely.</p>
</sec>












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