Peer Support System and School Climate Management: A Strategic Approach to Building an Anti-Bullying Culture

Muh. Amar; Andi Kasmawati; Mustaring Mustaring; Najamuddin Najamuddin; Bakhtiar Bakhtiar; Fitriani. K

doi:10.55927/ajma.v5i1.15967

Authors

Muh. Amar Universitas Negeri Makassar
Andi Kasmawati Universitas Negeri Makassar
Mustaring Mustaring Universitas Negeri Makassar
Najamuddin Najamuddin Universitas Negeri Makassar
Bakhtiar Bakhtiar Universitas Negeri Makassar
Fitriani. K Universitas Negeri Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ajma.v5i1.15967

Keywords:

Peer Support System, School Climate, Anti- Bullying Culture

Abstract

This study examines the strategic role of peer support systems and school climate management in fostering an anti-bullying culture in secondary schools in Jeneponto, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving teachers, principals, and students. The findings reveal that bullying is deeply rooted in patriarchal social structures and reinforced by weak school climate management. Peer support Systems function as informal yet effective emotional networks that promote empathy and Solidarity among students. However, the absence of institutionalized mechanisms limits Their sustainability. The study suggests Integrating peer-based interventions with Inclusive school climate management to establish a participatory, equitable, and gender-responsive education system.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Avilés Martínez, J. M., & Petta Daud, R. (2018). Los Sistemas de Apoyo entre Iguales (SAI) para el fomento de la convivencia en positivo, la mejora del clima de aula y la prevención de situaciones de bullying: La experiencia de Brasil y de España. European Journal of Child Development, Education and Psychopathology, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.30552/ejpad.v6i1.58.

Baron, A, R., & Byrne, D. (2005). Psikologi Sosial, Edisi Kesepuluh, Terjemahan Ratna Djuwita. Erlangga.

Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power (T. by G. R. and M. Adamson (Ed.)). Harvard University Press.

Bradshaw, C. P., Waasdorp, T. E., Debnam, K. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2014). Measuring School Climate in High Schools: A Focus on Safety, Engagement, and the Environment. Journal of School Health, 84(9), 593–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12186.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.

Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639.

Cornell, D., & Huang, F. (2016). Authoritative School Climate and High School Student Risk Behavior: A Cross-sectional Multi-level Analysis of Student Self-Reports. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(11), 2246–2259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964- 016-0424-3.

Criminology, 7(1), 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9109-1 Widianingtyas, S. I., & P, I. F. (2023). FAKTOR KEDEKATAN TEMAN SEBAYA.

DENGAN PERILAKU BULYING PADA REMAJA. Jurnal Keperawatan, 12(2), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.47560/kep.v12i2.536.

Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go From Here? School Psychology Review, 32(3), 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2003.12086206.

Fitriani, K. (2025). Angka Bullying Meningkat, Solusinya Akidah Kuat? KBR.ID. https://kbr.id/articles/indeks/angka-bullying-meningkat-solusinya-akidah-kuat- Gaffney, H., Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2019). Examining the Effectiveness of School-Bullying Intervention Programs Globally: a Meta-analysis. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 1(1), 14–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-0007-4.

Gradinger, P., Yanagida, T., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2015). Prevention of Cyberbullying and Cyber Victimization: Evaluation of the ViSC Social Competence Program. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.963231.

Gullotta, T. P., & Bloom, M. (Eds.). (2014). Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6.

Hollands, F. M., Leach, S. M., Shand, R., Head, L., Wang, Y., Dossett, D., Chang, F., Yan, B., Martin, M., Pan, Y., & Hensel, S. (2022). Restorative Practices: Using local evidence on costs and student outcomes to inform school district decisions about behavioral interventions. Journal of School Psychology, 92, 188–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2022.03.007.

Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A Large‐Scale Evaluation of the KiVa Antibullying Program: Grades 4–6. Child Development, 82(1), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01557.x.

KOMPAS.Com.https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2025/02/13/130805071/hasil-survei-3451- persen-peserta-didik-berpotensi-alami-kekerasan.

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618.

Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & McCord, A. (2019). A developmental approach to cyberbullying: Prevalence and protective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.009.

Lester, L., Pearce, N., Waters, S., Barnes, A., Beatty, S., & Cross, D. (2017). Family Involvement in a Whole-School Bullying Intervention: Mothers’ and Fathers’ Communication and Influence with Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(10), 2716–2727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0793-6.

McCulloch, & Barbara. (2010). Dealing With bullying Behavious in the Workplace:What Work a Practitiiner’s View. Jurnal of the International Ombudsmen Assciation, 3(2).

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif. Universitas Indonesia. Mills, A. J., Durepos, G., & Wiebe, E. (2012). Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957397 National School Climate Center. (2020). School climate.

Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x.

Pangrazio, L. (2016). Reconceptualising critical digital literacy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836.

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying: Implications for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013.

Prastiwi, M. (2025). Hasil Survei: 34,51 Persen Peserta Didik Berpotensi Alami Kekerasan.

Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310 Coloroso, B. (2007). Stop Bullying!: Memutus Rantai Kekerasan Anak dari Prasekolah hingga SMU (The Bully, The Bullied, and The Bystander: from Preschool to High School-How Parents and Teachers Can Help Break the Cycle of Violence. Terjemahan). PT Serambi Ilmu Semesta. Buku asli diterbitkan tahun 2003.

Rahmawati, S. W. (2016). Peran Iklim Sekolah terhadap Perundungan. Jurnal Psikologi, 43(2), 167–180.

Ramadani, T., Suarnianti, & Fajriansi, A. (2024). Hubungan Peran Kelompok Teman Sebaya dengan Perilaku Bullying pada Remaja di SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. JIMPK : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 4(4), 38–42.

Ringrose, J., & Renold, E. (2012). Slut-shaming, girl power and ‘sexualisation’: thinking through the politics of the international SlutWalks with teen girls. Gender and Education, 24(3), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2011.645023.

Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.007.

Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(5), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025411407457.

Selian, S. N., & Restya, W. P. D. (2024). Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengatasi Bullying di Sekolah. Ideguru: Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Guru, 9(2), 531–539. https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v9i2.751.

Sembiring, M., & Tarigan, T. (2023). Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah terhadap Perilaku Bullying Siswa pada SMA Santa Maria Kabanjahe. HELPER: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran, 40(1), 1–13.

Siddiqui, S., & Schultze-Krumbholz, A. (2023). The Sohanjana Antibullying Intervention: Pilot Results of a Peer-Training Module in Pakistan. Social Sciences, 12(7), 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070409.

Smolleck, L. A. (2018). Creating Safe Schools: The Importance of Peers in Bully Prevention Programs. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.56.4805.

Strohmeier, D., Hoffmann, C., Schiller, E., Stefanek, E., & Spiel, C. (2012). ViSC Social Competence Program. New Directions for Youth Development, 2012(133), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20008.

Strohmeier, D., Stefanek, E., & Yanagida, T. (2024). What Works for Whom? Evaluating Patterns and Mechanisms of Change Among Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims Participating in a School-Based Prevention Program. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 6(3), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-023-00160-2.

Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis–stress model. American Psychologist, 70(4), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038929.

Tam, M. J., & Brown, C. S. (2020). Early Adolescents’ Responses to Witnessing Gender- Based Harassment Differ by their Perceived School Belonging and Gender Typicality. Sex Roles, 83(7–8), 412–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01126-0 Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: a systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental.

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage.

Zhu, Y. (2023). Bullying in School Among Children and Adolescents from Cognitive and Developmental Perspectives: Implications for Prevention Practices. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 2(6), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.56397/SSSH.2023.06.05.