Shift to Digital Audit: A Study Investigating the Benefits and Challenges of Digitalization on the Audit Profession
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/ajma.v2i4.6294Keywords:
Audit Profession, Audit Quality, Audit Expectation Gap, Digital Technologies, Big Four PhilippinesAbstract
This study intends to evaluate the perceived benefits and challenges that these technologies offer in the context of digitalization, to one of the most suitable professions for the particular procedure; the audit profession. A qualitative study was conducted to gain a better grasp of the implications of digitalization on audit tools in the audit profession. This is accomplished by conducting ten (10) semi-structured interviews with professional auditors, emphasizing interpretation. It has been found that this study backs up some of the conclusions of prior research on the issue of digital auditing. Conclusively, the empirical findings of this study support the assumption that auditors believe digitalization will become even more popular in the future and that it will not result in job losses, as prior studies have suggested.
Downloads
References
Association of Certified Chartered Accountant (ACCA) (2019), Closing the Expectation Gap in Audit <https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/ACCA_Global/professional-insights/ Expectation-gap/pi-closing-expectation-gap-audit.pdf>, accessed 1 June 2019.
Association of Certified Chartered Accountant (ACCA), Certified Accountant of Australia and New Zealand (CA ANZ) (2019). Audit and Technology Report.
Adedoyin & Okere, (2017) The Application of Critical Thinking in Accounting Education Vol. 8, No. 3; 2019
Adiloglu, B., & Gungor, N. (2019). The impact of digitalization on the audit profession: A review of Turkish independent audit firms. Journal of Business Economics and Finance,8(4),209-214.
Allbabidi, M. H. A. (2021). Hype or Hope: Digital Technologies in Auditing Process. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 14(1), 59-86.
Almaleeh, N. (2021). The Impact of Digital Transformation on Audit Quality: Exploratory Findings from a Delphi Study.
Alao, B. B. & Gbolagade, O. L. (2019). An Assessment of How Industry 4.0 Technology is Transforming Audit Landscape and Business Models. International Journal of Accounting, 3(10).
Alles, M., & Gray, G. L. (2016). Incorporating Big Data in Audits: Identifying Inhibitors and a Research Agenda to Address Those Inhibitors. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 22, 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2016.07.004
Anh, T. and Anh, H. (2021). Perception of Digital Transformation Effect on Audit Quality: The Case of Vietnam. Journal of International Economics and Management Vol. 21 No. 3, 91 – 107.
Arsenie-Samoil, M. (2010). The Impact of Using New Information Technologies on Accounting Organizations. Retrieved from http://www.bursedoctorale.ro/public/documente/article/1335859752_Articol_rev_Mihalache_SD_FEAA_Mai2010_02.pdf
Babayeva, A., & Manousaridis, N. D. (2020). Effects of Digitalization on Auditing: A Study Investigating the Benefits and Challenges of Digitalization on the Audit Profession. Lund University Library.
Barzilay, M. (2022). IT SECURITY AUDIT.
Baudier et al., (2020) How Blockchain can impact financial services – The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees.
Beisland, L. A., Mersland, R., & Strøm, R. Ø. (2015). Audit quality and corporate governance: Evidence from the microfinance industry. International Journal of Auditing, 19(3), 218-237.
Bible, W., Raphael, J., Taylor, P., & Oris, I. (2017, December 15). Blockchain Technology and Its Potential Impact on the Audit and Assurance Profession. Retrieved from Deloitte: https://www2.deloitte.com/za/en/pages/audit/articles/impact-of-blockchainin-accounting.html
Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices. Textbooks Collection 3.
Bierstaker, J., Janvrin, D., & Lowe, D.J. (2014). What factors influence auditors’ use of computer-assisted audit techniques? Advances in Accounting, 30(1), 67–74.
Boillet, J. (2018, April 1). Why AI is both a risk and a way to manage risk. Retrieved from EY: https://www.ey.com/en_us/assurance/why-ai-is-both-a-risk-and-a-way-to-manage-risk.
Breman, A., & Felländer, A. (2014). Diginomics: New economic drivers [Translation of “Diginomics — new economic drivers” in Economic Debate October 8, 2014] [online] Swedbank.
Brennan, B., Flynn, M., & Baccala, M. (2017). Artificial Intelligence Comes to Financial Statement Audits. CFO Newsletters, 2.
Breur, T. (2016). Statistical power analysis and the contemporary crisis in social sciences. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 4(1), 61–65.
Brown-Liburd, Helen & Issa, Hussein & Lombardi, Danielle. (2015). Behavioral Implications of Big Data's Impact on Audit Judgment and Decision Making and Future Research Directions. Accounting Horizons. 29. 150119134654004. 10.2308/acch-51023.
Brown-Liburd, H. & Vasarhelyi, M. (2015). Big Data and Audit Evidence. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 12 (1): 1–16.
Cai, Y. & Zhu, D. (2016). Fraud detections for online businesses: a perspective from blockchain technology. Financial Innovation, 2(1), 20.
Carcello, J. V., Hermanson, D. R., & Ye, Z. (2011). Corporate governance research in accounting and auditing: Insights, practice implications, and future research directions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(3), 1-31.
Cassell, Cory & Hansen, James & Myers, Linda & Seidel, Timothy. (2014). How Steep is the Audit Learning Curve? Evidence on the Effects of the Timing of Auditor Changes on Audit Quality. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.2374162.
Caster, P., & Verardo, D. (2017). Technology Changes the Form and Competence of Audit Evidence. The CPA Journal. 68-70. Conference on Computational Intelligence and Applications (ICCIA).
Clifford, C. (2019). Bill Gates: A.I. is like nuclear energy — both promising and dangerous. Retrieved from CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/26/bill-gatesartificial-intelligence-both-promising-and-dangerous.html
Conference on Computational Intelligence and Applications (ICCIA).
Corporate Finance Institute (2022). Big Four Accounting Firms. CFI Education Inc.
Cristea, L.M. (2020). Emerging IT technologies for accounting and auditing practice. Audit Financiar, 18(4), 731–751.
Curtis, M.B., & Payne, E.A. (2014). Modeling voluntary CAAT utilization decisions in auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(4), 304–326.
Cukier, K., & Mayer-Schoenberger, V. (2013). The Rise of Big Data: How It’s Changing the Way We Think About the World. Foreign Affairs, 92(3), 28–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23526834
Dagilienė, L., & Klovienė, L. (2019). Motivation to use big data and big data analytics in external auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal.
Dai, J. & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2017). Toward blockchain–based accounting and assurance. Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 5–21.
Davenport T. H. (1998) Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System. Harvard Business review, 76(4), 121-131
De Mauro, A., Greco, M., & Grimaldi, M. (2016). A formal definition of Big Data based on its essential features. Library Review.
Dobbs, R., J. Manyika and J. Woetzel (2015). The Four Global Forces Breaking all the Trends. McKinsey Global Institute
Donald Warren, Jr., Kevin C. Moffitt., Paul Byrnes (2015) Accounting Horizons: How Big Data Will Change Accounting?) 29 (2): 397–407.
Dubey, R., Luo, Z., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Hazen, B. T. & Douglas, M. A. (2018). Big data and predictive analytics in humanitarian supply chains: Enabling visibility and coordination in the presence of swift trust. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29 (2), 485-512.
Dungo, F. (2022). Top 6 Accounting and Auditing Firms in the Philippines. Philpad.
Dutta, S., Geiger, T. & Lanvin, B. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015. In World Economic Forum Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 80-85.
FAR. (2015). Framtidens rådgivning, redovisning och revision – En resa mot år 2025.
FAR. (2016). Nyckeln till framtiden. FAR. Retrieved from https://www.far.se/globalassets/trycksaker-pdf/nyckeln-till-framtiden_uppslag.pdf
FAR & Kairos Future. (2016). Nyckeln till framtiden – framtidens redovisning, revision och rådgivning i det digitala landskapet. Stockholm: FAR.
Fernandez D., Aman, A. (2018), Impacts of Robotic Process Automation on Global Accounting Services, Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, vol 9.
Flint, D. (2018). Philosophy and principles of auditing: An introduction. Macmillan Education LTD.
Forbes Insights (2018). Three Technologies That Will Change the Face of Auditing. Forbes Insights with KPMG.
Lazarus Elad Fotoh & Johan Ingemar Lorentzon (2020) Critical issues of the audit expectation gap in the era of audit digitalisation
Frey, C. B. & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280.
Jeff, Gray and Bernhard Rumpe. (2015). Models for Digitalization. Softw Syst Model 14, 1319–1320.
Kevin C. Moffitt; Andrea M. Rozario; Miklos A. Vasarhelyi (2018). Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 15 (1): 1–10.
Gantz, J. & Reinsel, D. (2011). Extracting value from chaos. IDC iview, 1142 (2011), 1-12.
Gartner. (2015, June 24). Digitization. Retrieved from Gartner: https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/digitization
GAO Annual Report (2017). Government Accountability Office Annual Report.
Ghasemi et al., (2011) The impact of Information Technology (IT) on modern accounting systems. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.023
Ghasemi, M., Shafeiepour, V., Aslani, M., & Barvayeh, E. (2011). The impact of Information Technology (IT) on modern accounting systems. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28(2011), 112-116.
Gulin, D., Hladika, M., & Valenta, I. (2019). Digitalization and the Challenges for the Accounting Profession. ENTRENOVA-ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion, 5(1), 428-437.
Güngör, Nevzat & Adiloğlu, Burcu. (2019). The impact of digitalization on the audit profession: a review of Turkish independent audit firms. Pressacademia.
Han et al. (2016) An assessment of multimodel simulations for the variability of western North Pacific tropical cyclones and its association with ENSO. J. Climate, 29, no. 18, 6401-6423, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0720.1.
Han, S., Rezaee, Z., Xue, L. & Zhang, J. H. (2016). The Association between Information Technology Investments and Audit Risk. Journal of Information Systems, 30(1), 93–116.
Handoko, B.L., Ariyanto, S., & Warganegara, D.L. (2018, July). Perception of financial auditors on usage of computer assisted audit techniques. DOI:10.1109/ICCIA.2018.00052
Harrington, L. (2018). 5 Disruptive Technologies Shaping Our Future. Retrieved from: https://www.iotforall.com/5-disruptive-technologiesshaping-our-future/
Harrison, Michael J. and Datta, Pratim (2018) "An Empirical Assessment of User Perceptions of Feature versus Application Level Usage," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 20, Article 21.
Herbert, I., Dhayalan, A., Scott, A. (2016), ”The future of professional work: will you be replaced, or will you be sitting next to a robot?”, Management Services Journal, 2016 (Summer), pp. 22-27.
Higgins, M. (2021) The Future of Accounting: How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants? Hoeyer K, Dahlager L, Lynöe N. Conflicting notions of research ethics: the mutually challenging traditions of social scientists and medical researchers. Soc Sci Med. 61(8):1741–9.
Holloway I, Wheeler S. (2013) Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. 3rd ed. Malaysia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hunton, J. (2015). Blending Information and Communication Technology with Accounting Research. Accounting Horizons. Account Horiz. 16. 55-67.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). (2017). Guide for Terms and Concepts in Intelligent Process Automation. IEEE Std 2755- 2017, vol. no., pp.1-16, 28
Issa, H., Sun T., & Vasarhelyi M. (2017). Research Ideas for Artificial Intelligence in Auditing: The Formalization of Audit and Workforce Supplementation. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting (2016) 13 (2): 1–20.
Janjaturapath, N. (2020). The relationship between professional accounting competency orientation and job performance efficiency of accountants in Thailand. Journal of Accountancy and Management, 12(1), 111–124.
Jansen, M., Tan, A., Deppeler, A., Alfred, J., Javani, P., & Rao, V. D. (2019, April). Reinventing Internal Controls in the Digital Age. Retrieved from PwC: https://www.pwc.com/sg/en/publications/assets/reinventing-internal-controls-in-thedigital-age-201904.pdf
Jordan, M. I. & Mitchell, T. M. (2015). Machine Learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science, 349(6245), 255-260.
J. P. Krahel and W. R. Titera, ―Consequences of Big Data and Formalization on Accounting and Auditing Standards‖, Accounting Horizonss, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 409-422, 2015.
Julie B. L, Anita D. and Catherine I. (2019). Emerging Technologies, Risk, and Auditor’s Focus. Harvard Law school forum on corporate governance and financial regulation, July 8 publication.
Kaplan, Andreas, and Michael Haenlein. 2019. Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of Artificial Intelligence. Business Horizons 62: 15–25.
Karlsen, A., & Wallberg, M. (2017). The Effects of Digitalization on Auditors’ Tools and Working Methods. University of Gavle.
Kokina, J. & Davenport, T. H. (2017). The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence: How Automation is Changing Auditing. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 14(1), 115-122.
KPMG (2017). Digital Transformation; How advanced technologies are impacting financial reporting and auditing.
Lamboglia, R., & D’Onza, G. (2014). IT auditing in Italian banks: An explanatory study. In D. Baglieri, C. Metallo, C. Rossignoli, M. Pezzillo Iacono (Eds.), Information systems, management, organization and control (pp. 99–114). Springer Cham.
La Torre, M., Botes, V.L., Dumay, J., Rea, M.A., & Odendaal, E. (2018). The fall and rise of intellectual capital accounting: New prospects from the Big Data revolution. Meditari Accountancy Research, 26(3), 381–399.
Lee, C. S. & Tajudeen, F. P., (2020). Usage and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Accounting: Evidence from Malaysian Organizations. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 13(1), pp. 213-239.
Littley, J. (2012). Leveraging Data Analytics and Continuous Auditing Processes for Improved Audit Planning, Effectiveness, and Efficiency. Retrieved from KPMG White Paper: http://www. kpmg. com/US/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/data-analyticscontinuous-auditing.pdf.
L. M. Cunningham and S. E. Stein, ―Using Visualization Software in the Audit of Revenue Transactions to Identify Anomalies‖, Issues in Accounting Education, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 33-46, 2018.
LOHAPAN, N. (2021). Digital Accounting Implementation and Audit Performance: An Empirical Research of Tax Auditors in Thailand. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(11), 121-131.
Lombardi, D., Bloch, R. and Vasarhelyi, M. (2014). The future of audit. JISTEM - Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 11(1), pp. 21-32.
Lombardi, D. R., Bloch, R. & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2015). The Current State and Future of the Audit Profession. Current Issues in Auditing, 9(1), P10–P16.
Mai Dao, Hongkang Xu, Trung Pham (2021). Auditors' Responses to Classification Shifting: Evidence from U.S. Firms.
Mahzan, Nurmazilah, and Farida Veerankutty (2011). IT auditing activities of public sector auditors in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management 5: 1551–63.
Markus Nowak., Claudio Castellini., Carlo Massironi (2018) Applying Radical Constructivism to Machine Learning: A Pilot Study in Assistive Robotics
Martinez, C. J. (2017). Everything you need to know about the Big Four (Top Accounting Firms). D&V Philippines
Mancini, D. (2016), “Accounting information systems in an open society – Emerging Trends and Issues”, Management Control, Vol. 1, pp. 5-16.
Manita, R., Elommal, N., Baudier, P., & Hikkerova, L. (2020). The digital transformation of external audit and its impact on corporate governance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 119751.
Mansour, E. M. (2016). Factors affecting the adoption of computer assisted audit techniques in the audit process: Findings from Jordan. Business and Economic Research, 6(1), 248- 271.
McGhee, M., & Grant, S. (2019). Audit and Technology. Retrieved from ACCA:https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/ACCA_Global/professional-insights/auditand-tech/pi-audit-and-technology.pdf
Michael Alles (2015). Drivers of The Use and Facilitators and Obstacles of The Evolution of Big Data by The Audit Profession
Michael Cohen., Andrea M. Rozario., Chanyuan Zhang (2019). Exploring the Use of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in Substantive Audit Procedures
Mihalache Arsenie-Samoil, (2010). "The Impact of Using New Information Technologies on Accounting Organizations," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 1695-1699, May.
Cornelius Baur and Dominik Wee, McKinsey & Company. (2011). Manufacturing’s Next Act. Retrieved from: http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/manufacturingsnext-act
Meuldijk, M. (2017). Impact of Digitalization on the Audit Profession. PressAcademia.
Mihalache A. (2010). The Impact of Using New Information Technologies on Accounting Organizations, Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 1695-1699, May.
Moudud-Ul-Huq, S. (2014). “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Accounting Systems: A Review”, The UIP Journal of Accounting & Audit Practices, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 7-19.
Muro et al. (2017). Digitalization and the American Workforce. Brookings India.
Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A. & Goldfeder, S. (2016). Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: A comprehensive introduction. Princeton University Press.
Nearon, B. H. (2015). Foundations in auditing and digital evidence. The CPA Journal, 75(1), 32.
Nirmala, R. P. A. (2013). Pengaruh Independensi, Pengalaman, Due Professional Care, Akuntabilitas, Kompleksitas Audit, dan Time Budget Pressure Terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Empiris Pada Auditor KAP di Jawa Tengah Dan DIY). 786–798.
Noghondari, A.T., & Foong, S.Y. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of audit expectation gap: Evidence from the banking sector in Malaysia. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28, 384-406.
Peled, A., & Rashty, D. (2016). Logging for Success: Advancing the Use of WWW Logs to Improve Computer Mediated Distance Learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 10.2190/NLR6-K355-LAQY-U01D, 21, 4, (413-431).
Pompon R., (2016). IT Security Risk Control Management, An Audit Preparation Plan, Apress
PwC. (2017). Robotic process automation: A primer for internal audit professionals. Retrieved from PwC: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/services/riskassurance/library/robotic-process-automation-internal-audit.html
Sanjari, M., Bahramnezhad, F., Fomani, F. K., Shoghi, M., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2014). Ethical challenges of researchers in qualitative studies: the necessity to develop a specific guideline. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 7, 14.
Ramamoorti, S., & Weidenmier, M. L. (2014). Chapter 9, The Pervasive Impact of Information Technology. Information Systems, 1992-2004.
Raphael, J. (2017, April 1). Rethinking the audit. Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2017/apr/rethinking-the-audit.html
Recker, J. (2013). Scientific research in information systems: a beginner's guide. Springer Science & Business Media
Rezaee, Z., Elam, R., & Sharbatoghlie, A. (2019). Continuous auditing: The audit of the future. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16 (3), 150-158.
Richins, G., Stapleton, A., Stratopoulos, T. C. & Wong, C. (2017). Big data analytics: Opportunity or threat for the accounting profession? Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 63-79.
Ruhnke, Klaus & Schmidt, Martin. (2014). The audit expectation gap: Existence, causes, and the impact of changes. Accounting and Business Research. 44. 572-601. 10.1080/00014788.2014.929519.
Sabillon, R., Serra-Ruiz, J., Cavaller, V., & Cano, J. (2017, November). A comprehensive cybersecurity audit model to improve cybersecurity assurance: The cybersecurity audit model (CSAM). In 2017 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS) (pp. 253-259). IEEE.
Schelluch, P. and Gay, G. (2010), ‘‘Assurance services and the profession'', CPA Communique, No. 80.
Schmitz, J. & Leoni, G. (2019). Accounting and auditing at the time of blockchain technology: A research agenda. Australian Accounting Review, 29(2), 331-342.
Schulman, J. & Wilson, S. (2019). How blockchain technology will affect the audit. Retrieved from RSM: https://rsmus.com/what-we-do/services/assurance/howblockchain-technology-will-affect-the-audit.html
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond
Sheldon, M. (2019), “A primer for information technology general control considerations on a private and permissioned blockchain audit”, Current Issues in Auditing, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. A15-A29.
Slapničar, S., Vuko, T., ČUlar, M., & Drašček, M. (2022). Effectiveness of cybersecurity audit. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 44, 100548.Ślusarczyk, B. (2018). INDUSTRY 4.0 – ARE WE READY? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 232–248.
Snijders, C., Matzat, U. & Reips, U. D. (2012). Big Data: big gaps of knowledge in the field of internet science. International journal of internet science, 7(1), 1-5.
Stensjo, G. (2020). The Changing Nature of the Audit Profession. Opportunities and Challenges with Digital Transformation and the Use of Audit Support Systems, Big Data and Data Analytics.
Spraakman, Gary & O'Grady, Winnie & Askarany, Davood & Akroyd, Chris. (2015). Employers’ Perceptions of Information Technology Competency Requirements for Management Accounting Graduates. Accounting Education. 24. 403-422. 10.1080/09639284.2015.1089177.
Stevenson, M. (2019). Can Auditors Close the Great Expectation Gap for Good? Pivot Magazine, 2 February CPA. Retrieved from: https://www.cpacanada.ca/en/news/pivotmagazine/2019-01-02-expectation-gap-roundtable [accessed 20 April 2020].
Sun, T., Alles, M., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2015). Adopting continuous auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(2), 176–204.
Tarek et al. (2017). The implication of information technology on the audit profession in developing country: Extent of use and perceived importance. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 237-255.
Taulli, T. (2020, February 21). How AI Is Supercharging RPA. Retrieved from Forbes:https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2020/02/21/how-ai-is-supercharging-rparobotic-process-automation/#51083efd7769
The Economist (2016). Million-Dollar Babies. http://www.economist.com/news/business/21695908-silicon-valley-fightstalent-universities-struggle-hold-their
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales –ICAEW (2017). Understanding the Impact of Technology in Audit and Finance. Retrieved from, www.icaew.com/itf
Tran, T. K. A., & Hoang, H. A. (2021). Perception of digital transformation effect on audit quality: the case of Vietnam. Journal of International Economics and Management, 21(3), 91–107.
Tiberius, V., & Hirth, S. (2019b). Impacts of digitization on auditing: A Delphi study for Germany. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 37, 100288.
Turner, J. (2018). Robot rules: Regulating artificial intelligence. Springer.
Vaidyanathan, N. (2017, April). Divided we fall, distributed we stand. Retrieved from ACCA: https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/ACCA_Global/Technical/Future/Divided%20we%20fall%2C%20distributed%20we%20stand%20%20The%20professional%20accountant’s%20guide%20to%20distributed%20ledgers%20and%20blockchain.pdf
Vasarhelyi, Miklos. (2013). Formalization of Standards, Automation, Robots, and IT Governance. Journal of Information Systems. Vol. 27, No. 1, Spring, pp. 1-11
VasarhelyI, M. A., Cho, S., Zhang, C., & Cheong, A. (2020). Smart Audit: the digital transformation of audit. European Court of Auditors.
Victoria State Government (2019). Teach with Digital Technologies. VSG Digital Learning.
Wagner, J.M. (2016). Continuous auditing: The future of internal audit. Innovation Management and Education Excellence, pp. 3244-3252.
Westerman et al. (2014). Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation. Harvard Business Press 2014 - Business & Economics
Wicaksono, A., & Lusianah, L. (2016). Impact Analysis of Generalized Audit Software (GAS) Utilization to Auditor Performances. Binus Business Review, 7(2), 131.
Yoo, Youngjin & Henfridsson, Ola & Lyytinen, Kalle. (2010). The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research. Information Systems Research. 21. 724-735. 10.1287/isre.1100.0322.
Yoon, K., Hoogduin, L. & Zhang, L. (2015). Big data as complementary audit evidence. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), 431–438.
Zahmatkesh, S., & Rezazadeh, J. (2017). The effect of auditor features on audit quality. Tékhne, 15(2), 79-87.
Zhang, J., Yang, X., & Appelbaum, D. (2015). Toward Effective Big Data Analysis in Continuous Auditing. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), 469–476.
Zhaokai, Y. & Moffitt, K. C. (2019). Contract Analytics in Auditing. Accounting Horizons, 33(3), 111-126.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Earl Jed A. Angeles Angeles, Godfrey B. Mabazza Mabazza, Angel Errine Grace B. Pascua Pascua, Krishabelle E. Salta Salta, Zedric Joel V. Santiago Santiago, Jerome Marquez Marquez, Karen Joy Catacutan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
