Vegetation Analysis of Target Species for Feeding Lesser Yellow Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothschild, 1897) in the Imbowiari Forest Area of Barawai Village, Yapen Islands District, Papua Province, Indonesia

The research aims to determine the plant species, structure, and composition of the food sources of P. minor jobiensis in the Imbowiari Barawai forest area, Yapen Islands Regency. The method used in this research the method of observation, interviews, documentation, literature, and the checkered line method. Data analysis techniques used are density, dominance, frequency, relative density, relative dominance, relative frequency, important value index, and diversity index. The results of the study found 6 species of plants as food for P. minor jobiensis and spread at the level of seedlings, poles, saplings, and trees namely Elaeocarpus sphaericus , Ficus benjamina , Gnetum gnemon , Syzygium sp ., Myristica sp ., and


INTRODUCTION
food source are very important for the survival of animals, this can be seen through the density of vegetation and the diversity of vegetation types that can affect the abundance of P. minor jobiensis birds.
According to Raunsay (2014) states that to maintain and restore the P. minor jobiensis bird population, it is necessary to have the role and participation of the community. One form of the community's role that can be carried out is the development of P. minor jobiensis bird habitat in natural forests by protecting and maintaining its habitat so that the availability of food in nature can be guaranteed (Raunsay K. E., 2020;Raunsay & Koirewoa, 2019).

METHODOLOGY Study Site
This research was conducted in the Imbowiari forest area of Kampung Barawai, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua Province in July -August 2018.

Population and Research Sample
The population in this study were all residents and vegetation, while the sample was selected as informants and vegetation as food sources in the observation plot plots in the Imbowiari forest area.

Tools and Materials
The equipment used in this study were pencils, ballpoints, rulers, notebooks, field boards, tape measure (50 m) and digital cameras, GPS (Global Position System), and herbarium equipment such as labels, sacks, newsprint, cardboard presses, and ropes. ratchet straps, knife/cutter, scissors, hanging labels, and plastic samples. Materials used include plants which are a source of feed and 70% alcohol.

Type and Data Source Type
The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews with several key informants, complementary and complementary keys who had an understanding of the types of vegetation as food sources in the Imbowiari forest area, and secondary data were obtained through literature studies. Data in this study were also obtained from the field through vegetation analysis using the grid line method, where 3 transects were made, each transect using 5 plots measuring 20 m x 20 m (trees), 10 m x 10 m (poles), 5 m x 5 m (stakes) and 2 m x 2 m (seedlings).

Data collection technique
The methods used in data collection are observation method, which is used to find out and directly see each type of vegetation as a food source for P. minor jobiensis found in the Imbowiari forest area. Interview method, semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data on the types of vegetation as food sources for P. minor jobiensis in the local community. Documentation method, documentation was carried out by directly photographing the types of vegetation sources of feed taken from each plot at the research location. Literature study method, literature study using books and sources relevant to the research title. Research Procedure 1. Make observations at the research site 2. Conducting interviews directly with the local community to find out the types of plants used as food sources for P. minor jobiensis. 3. Prepare all the equipment used in the research location 4. Determine the sampling area. The sampling location is the Imbowiari forest area, in the sampling area boundaries are made on areas that have different altitudes and coordinate points. 5. Then in the boundary area, a grid line is made, which is done by drawing a 100 m long transect line with a total of 3 transects. On each transect, there are 5 plots with sizes 20 m × 20 m, 10 m × 10 m, 5 m × 5 m, and 2m × 2m. 6. Sampling and documentation of plant species as food sources in the form of photographs. 7. Making an herbarium of P. minor jobiensis feed sources. 8. Identification, preserved food sources of P. minor jobiensis were sent for identification by Herbarium Manokwariensis

Data Analysis
Analysis was carried out to obtain the structure and composition of the vegetation at the study site. Measurements by path/transect can be analyzed by looking at Density, Relative Density, Frequency, Relative Frequency, Dominance, Relative Dominance, and Importance Value Index. To determine the diversity of plant species used the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Indriyanto, 2006).

RESEARCH RESULT
There were six types of plants as food for P. jobiensis at the location and spread at the Seedling, Pole, Stake, and Tree levels. The six plant species are Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Ficus benjamina, Gnetum gnemon, Syzygium sp., Myristica sp., and Palaquium ambounense. Based on the results of the study in Table 1, the highest IVI and H' of the seedling level vegetation at the study site were Syzygium sp with IVI = 47.88 and H'= 0.19. From these results when compared to Raunsay (2014) who got Syzygium sp with IVI = 29.42 and H'= 0.30, the value of IVI and plant diversity increased. Indriyanto (2006) states that the importance value index at the seedling level is the result of the sum of the relative values of the two parameters (relative density and relative frequency) that have been measured previously. In general, the species that have the highest density also have the highest frequency values for each type of forest vegetation, so it can be concluded that these species have the highest IVI.
Gunawan, Basuni, Indrawan, Prasetyo, & Soedjito (2011) stated that the sustainability of vegetation growth from the seedling level to the next growth level is strongly influenced by the adaptability of vegetation types. Seedlings are one of the initial support levels of forest potential that will develop and contribute to forming future stands if there are no disturbances or obstacles. This large number of seedlings is an indication that the forest has provided a source of seedlings for forest restoration. The number of seedlings is influenced by the fruiting season of each tree as well as the seeds or fruit that fall to the ground to be able to sow requires sufficient light and moisture, so the number of plant species as food sources at high seedling levels greatly affects the availability of feed.

Ficus benjamina
Asere 5 Gunawan, Basuni, Indrawan, Prasetyo, & Soedjito (2011), the types of vegetation at the seedling level that have the highest IVI will grow into the vegetation at the sapling level, this is inversely proportional to the results of research at the seedling level where Ficus benjamina has an IVI of 25.90 while Syzygium sp had IVI = 47.88 at the seedling level and IVI = 24.475 at saplings.
According to Suyana (2003), Ficus is the type of plant with the highest IVI value. This shows that the Ficus species is the dominant type. The ability of Ficus to occupy part of the study sites shows that these plant species can adapt to the physical environmental conditions of the entire area. The ability of certain types of vegetation to grow to reach the pole level illustrates the higher adaptability of vegetation types in an ecosystem. The results showed that the pole level of the Myristica sp plant species had IVI = 116.04 and H'= 0.14. From these results when compared to Raunsay (2014) who obtained Myristica sp with H'= 0.15 the results showed a decrease in the diversity of these plant species. this is due to low productivity (Restu, 2022). Based on the research results, the plant species Gnetum gnemon has IVI = 83.99 and H' = 0.06. A high IVI value means that a species is dominant and has better adaptability than other species (Hidayat, 2017). Plant diversity describes the overall structure and composition of vegetation in the study area. LOW diversity indicates that productivity is lacking, ecosystem conditions are unstable and ecological pressure is high. The results of the analysis of the vegetation forage sources showed that the four levels of diversity were low, namely H'= 0.7 seedlings, H'= 0.46 saplings, H'= 0.51 poles, and H' trees = 0.54.   Beehler 1983;Maturbongs et al. 1994;Beehler and Dumbacher 1996;Setio et al. 1998;Raunsay 2014. Note: (+) Discovered by Different Researchers; (0) Not Found; (#) Species Observed Directly

DISCUSSION
The feed source vegetation found at the study site turned out to have several types of them that had significant differences from previous studies, but some of them had similarities. The types that tend to be the same as previous studies are Ficus benjamina and Myristica sp.
According to Raunsay (2014); Raunsay (2020); Raunsay, Akobiarek, Matani, Ramandei, & Simbiak (2022) stated that the types of Ficus benjamina and Myristica sp have very good ecological distribution or can grow in various ecological areas so that the availability of these species as food can be found at any time for wild animals such as P. minor jobiensis. According to Beehler & Dumbacher (1996), Ficus benjamina has small fruit, all parts of the fruit can be directly used by birds because it does not have a protective layer, is a wet fruit group, simple fruit type, and has one or more seeds, superior ovary properties, some or the entire fruit skin remains wet until ripe, Ficus benjamina fertilization is not based on the fruiting season so this plant does not affect the availability of feed. while Myristica sp is a fruit that is rich in nutrients because it is protected by an outer layer (fruit with a capsule type), the part used for food is stored on the inside so that birds require more effort to use it and the fruit has a nutritional content of fat (75%), protein (6%) and carbohydrates (1.9%).
The results showed that there were several different species from previous studies. The different species indicated that these species had a narrow ecological distribution or could not grow in various ecological types and had a unique pollination system so that they could only grow in certain areas which affected the species distribution. Another factor as a differentiating indicator is the species that were previously consumed but are currently not available due to existing environmental conditions or other factors so these animals switch to consuming different types of fruit. This is evidenced by the results of research which found several types of plant sources of food, namely Gnetum gnemon found in observation plots, these plants can be found in dry to tropical areas, and do not require highly nutritious soil or special climates. They can also adapt to a wide temperature range. area, Gnetum gnemon fruit also contains high protein (9-10%) so it can be a food source for P. minor jobiensis (Partomihardjo, 2004). Apart from Gnetum gnemon, one of the feeds directly observed being consumed by P. minor jobiensis was also found, namely Pometia pinnata. Pometia pinnata can grow in areas where the soil conditions are dry (not flooded) and in climates with high rainfall. This plant easily adapts to both hot and cold conditions, Pometia pinnata fruit is in the form of an oval or capsule, which is the preferred form of fruit for P. minor jobiensis. morphology, namely (1) fig shape (F) like dates, (2) drop shapes (D) like berries or nutmeg, and (3) capsule shape (C).
Based on the results of previous research by Raunsay (2014) the vegetation type Elaeocarpus spahericus is a nest for birds P. minor jobiensis. In contrast to the results of the study showing Elaeocarpus spahericus as one of the feeds. In the Central Maluku region, the parts of this plant that are used as food are fruit, seeds, and nectar by several bird species such as the parrot species, namely Eos bornea and Trichoglossus haematodus, which eat the nectar of Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Widodo, 2009).
The results of the research attached to Table 5 show that P. minor jobiensis also consumes plants of the Palaquium ambounense and Syzygium sp species. fruit as food by birds is influenced by several factors in the fruit, namely attractive color, appropriate size, ease of obtaining, and nutritional content.
P. minor jobiensis is classified as a frugivore bird that is very dependent on the presence of plant sources of food in the form of fruit or seeds. Putri (2015) states that the abundance of frugivores is influenced by the abundance and availability of fruit.
Availability of feed greatly affects the population of P. minor jobiensis, so the presence of various types of food source plants that can provide feed continuously throughout the year is very important for the preservation and existence of P. minor jobiensis in the Imbowiari Barawai forest area. According to Putri (2015) monitoring the presence of food-source plants, especially in forest areas that are often disturbed by logging or timber theft, is an important thing to do to preserve the existence and existence of birds. Apart from monitoring feed-producing plants, other steps are also important to take. is the enrichment of plant sources of food and the rehabilitation of areas where the number and diversity of tree species forage is lacking.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There are 6 types of food source plants in the Imbowiari Barawai forest research location, including Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Ficus benjamina, Gnetum gnemon, Syzygium sp., Myristica sp., and Palaquium ambounense. There is also 1 type of food source plant that was directly observed being consumed by P. minor jobiensis, namely Pometia pinnata. The diversity of plant sources of feed for the level of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees (H'< 1) is in the LOW category.
Based on the vegetation analysis carried out to determine the presence of plants as a source of food for P. minor jobiensis birds at the study site, it was shown that the presence of available plant species was still very low when viewed from the number of species diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to have species enrichment including planting or maintaining existing species and carried out by various relevant stakeholders, especially the Dorei Jaya group. It is hoped that there will be further studies on the bird feed plant P. minor jobiensis.

ADVANCED RESEARCH
Vegetation analysis of the target species for bird-of-paradise yellow has been carried out as an illustration of the availability of feed for seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. Apart from that, another study that is very important as a continuation is related to feed morphology. This feed morphology study was not only for the Lesser Yellow Bird of Paradise but also for the feed for the King Bird of Paradise, Dead Wire Bird of Paradise and Sickle-billed Bird of Paradise.