The Framing Analysis of Gibran Rakabuming Raka's Coverage as Vice Presidential Candidate on Tribunnews.com

The media shapes diverse political messages, influencing public


INTRODUCTION
The mass media plays a crucial role in society by providing information, shaping opinions, and influencing how the public perceives reality.It accelerates the flow of information in societal, economic, and political realms, significantly contributing to public opinion formation.The rise of online media in the digital era enhances current elements like the speed and reach of information dissemination.The internet has become a political platform, enabling expression of political opinions and connecting activists, politicians, non-partisan organizations, political party affiliates, and the public.
There are four key political moments directly involving the public: elections for representatives, presidential elections, gubernatorial elections, and direct elections for governors or mayors.Direct elections require smart strategies to garner public support.Mass media, therefore, plays a vital role in political communication during these events.
Media news often carries political dimensions as it functions as a political institution.The political news spectrum encompasses a wide range of topics, including public officials, political attitudes, societal affairs, and the entire political system.Media is seen as an agent or subject constructing reality with its biases, perspectives, and prejudices.Additionally, electronic, print, and new media become battlegrounds for political actors to create and shape their images.
Media framing influences public perceptions by selectively emphasizing certain aspects of reality to define, interpret, evaluate, and present solutions.However, not all media frames affect individual heuristic judgments equally, depending on how memory is stored within individuals.Studies suggest that media frames have the power to shape society, but their impact on political attitudes or beliefs might vary based on individuals' knowledge levels.
In light of these discussions, the hypothesis is that media becomes a contested arena for presidential candidates, particularly in the lead-up to the 2024 elections, as seen in the coverage of Gibran Rakabuming Raka.This prompts an analysis of the framing of news about Gibran Rakabuming Raka post his announcement as a vice presidential candidate on Tribunnews.com.This research focuses on Tribunnews.com due to its active coverage of Gibran Rakabuming Raka in November 2023, with over 60 articles, 16 of which featured Gibran as a source, and four of these are analyzed in this study.
Based on the aforementioned context, the formulated problem is: "How is the framing analysis of Gibran Rakabuming Raka's coverage after his declaration as a vice presidential candidate according to Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki on Tribunnews.com?"The objective is to understand the framing of news coverage about Gibran Rakabuming Raka after his declaration as a vice presidential candidate.

THEORETICAL REVIEW
The frame is a strategy for processing and constructing news, utilizing cognitive tools to interpret events and encode information related to conventions and routines in the news formation process (Sobur, 2006).Historically, frame analysis has been widely used in political communication research.Due to its ability to unveil the underlying reality, this analysis has expanded into other sub-disciplines of communication studies.The direction of news articles in addressing these issues can also be observed through the framing of how the news in the media addresses these topics and for what purpose the news is disseminated (Eliya, 2019).
Research on news framing indicates that frame analysis has been extensively used among academics, particularly in news and journalism studies, playing a formative role in interpreting media reality and its impact on the public.Frame theory and frame analysis are theoretical approaches that have been used and applied in communication, political, and social movement studies.Mass media is now easily accessible to everyone, where people can access mass media in both print and online forms (Aini and Setiawan, 2021).In practice, framing analysis also opens opportunities to apply sociological, political, and cultural concepts to analyze communication phenomena.This allows for evaluation and analysis of phenomena based on their surrounding sociological, political, or cultural contexts (Fiorentina et al. 2018: 86).
Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki regard this framing analysis as a public debate concerning an issue or policy that has been framed and negotiated.News texts are composed of various symbols organized based on the symbolic devices used and constructed in public memory.Within this approach, framing devices can be categorized into larger structures.Firstly, the syntactic structure refers to how journalists organize events, statements, opinions, quotes, observations about events into the overall structure of the news.This semantic structure can be observed in news graphics (using leads, layout, headlines, quotes, etc.).Essentially, it observes how a reporter understands the events they witnessed and organizes facts into a general news story.Secondly, the script structure refers to how journalists narrate or cover events in news form.This structure examines how journalists use storytelling or speech strategies to shape news about an event.Thirdly, the thematic structure refers to how journalists express their opinions about events in propositions, sentences, or relationships between sentences forming the entire text.This structure demonstrates how that understanding is embodied in smaller forms.Fourthly, the rhetorical structure.Rhetoric is about how journalists emphasize specific meanings in the news.This structure examines how editors use word choices, idioms, graphics, and images not only to support the writing but also to emphasize specific meanings to readers.Thus, the journalist's inclination or bias in understanding an event can be identified through these four structures (Sinaga, 2016).The author attempts to delineate the structural dimensions of the framing approach based on Pan and Kosicki's model, which consists of four dimensions: syntactic structure, script structure, thematic structure, and rhetorical structure (Wijaya, 2021)

METHODOLOGY
This research aligns with the constructivist paradigm, asserting that facts or reality aren't simply given; they're constructed and become subjects for news reporting (Eriyanto, 2005).The research method employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design.The descriptive model aims to gather detailed data about the real world, describing existing phenomena, identifying problems, making comparisons, investigating conditions and practices, evaluating or comparing, and determining actions taken by others to address existing issues.
The research focuses on news texts related to Gibran Rakabuming Raka post his announcement as a vice presidential candidate on Tribunnews.com in November 2023.Four news texts were selected from the 60 uploaded to Tribunnews.com.After data collection, the material is analyzed using Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framework analysis model, utilizing four tools: syntactic, script, thematic, and rhetorical structures.

RESULTS
In this discussion, the researcher will analyze four articles about Gibran Rakabuming Raka using the theories and methods mentioned above.
News 1 : Tribunnews.com "Gibran's answer when asked if he is willing to be a vice president even though he is still young" "Hal apa yang mendorong mas Gibran untuk maju jadi wapres, kan mas Gibran masih muda?"Asked by a female influencer.In response to this young individual's question, Gibran addressed his track record in leading the city of Solo over the past 2 years, citing results that have purportedly been felt by its residents.
-"Building Solo, we learn a lot, we interact a lot with the citizens, and for 2 years the citizens of Solo have felt the results," Gibran revealed.
-The Mayor of Solo also gave an example when he first took office, Solo's economic growth was at a level of minus 1.74 percent.But after 2 years he led, Solo's economy improved significantly.In 2022, it was recorded that Solo's economy touched 6.25 percent or the highest of the national average of 5.3 percent.
-"When I first took office, the economic growth was minus point 174, now we have the highest economic growth of 6.25.The national average is only 5.3, this is 6.25 percent," explained Gibran.

Statement
-Gibran also mentioned the representation of young people who are the majority in the 2024 Simultaneous Elections with the dominance of around 60 percent of Indonesia's population in productive age.
-He needs to take this momentum as a representative of young people who can speak a lot in the contestation of national leader elections.

Closing
Closing with a quote from Gibran "So, we also want representation of young people.Because now 60 percent of our population is in productive age.So there must be representatives of young people there," said Gibran.Previously, the accusation of Gibran's fake diploma came from Doctor Tifa, whose full name is Tifauzia Tyassuma.Doctor Tifa revealed this false diploma accusation to Gibran through social media X.Doctor Tifa is a doctor as well as a molecular epidemiologist and health food practitioner.

Element
Closing losed with a Quotation : But the public began to recognize Doctor Tifa when he highlighted the diplomas of President Jokowi and Ganjar Pranowo.And now it is also Gibran's diploma turn to be highlighted by Doctor Tifa.Based on the manuscript structure, Tribunnews.com's reporting follows a common format with the 5W+1H formula, indicating the completeness of news presentation.It starts from the subject to be reported, the issues encountered in the formation of the event, the location of the reported event, the cause of the event, and the chronological sequence of events until they appear in the news.
In terms of thematic structure, Tribunnews.com's editorial team strives to present and package news about Gibran Rakabuming Raka as a figure providing guidance to answer the audience's questions and capable of giving direction to his support team.Regarding its rhetorical structure, the discourse narrated by Tribunnews.com journalists tends to align with actual occurrences.By using carefully selected words to emphasize certain aspects, Tribunnews.com's editorial team presents something unique and intriguing.Percentages are also highlighted within the news.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The aim of this research is to analyze the framing done by the online mass media, specifically Tribunnews.com, regarding Gibran Rakabuming Raka's candidacy as the vice-presidential candidate (cawapres) in the 2024 elections.The analysis of news framing on Tribunnews.com reveals that structurally, the article emphasizes facts through quotations that encompass the 5W+1H elements.Thematically, Gibran highlights evidence to address public inquiries.In terms of rhetoric, Tribunnews.com journalists tend to present the actual conditions, often including statistical percentages in their coverage.

FURTHER STUDY
Further research avenues stemming from this analysis on Tribunnews.com's framing of Gibran Rakabuming Raka's vice-presidential candidacy in the 2024 elections could encompass comparative investigations across multiple online news platforms to discern divergences in framing, a longitudinal study tracking evolving media narratives throughout the campaign, inquiries into public opinion through surveys or qualitative research to grasp the impact of media framing on voter perceptions, an exploration of social media content for additional insights into public discourse, and an impact assessment correlating media narratives with actual electoral outcomes.Exploring these dimensions could significantly enrich our understanding of the relationship between media portrayal, public sentiment, and political candidacy in contemporary contexts.

Tribunnews.com "Gibran Showed off his diploma due to allegations of a fake diploma, written as a graduate of the University of Bradford England"
presidential candidate) of the Advanced Indonesia Coalition (KIM), Gibran Rakabuming Raka, answered the accusation of a fake diploma that has recently been directed at him.LeadIn front of the media crew, Gibran also showed his diploma which stated that he graduated from two different educational institutions.Namely from the Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) and the University of Bradford, UK.SettingIt is known that from the University of Bradford, Gibran received a Bachelor of Science degree.Gibran's diploma was signed on November 13, 2010.QuoteIn the diploma that Gibran exhibited, the following was written: "University of Bradford.It is hereby declared that Gibran Rakabuming Raka has completed the course of study approved at the hearing held today was accepted for a Bachelor of Science degree with second class second division honors in marketing."

News 3 Tribunnews.com Winning Consolidation in Lampung, Gibran Asked His Supporters Not to Emote
Gibran Rakabuming Raka in Tribunnews.com also supports quotes from various parties endorsing the coverage.