Collaborative Governance Model in the Development Center of Economic Empowerment and Community Creativity in Bandung City

The development of the creative economy industry in addition to the national sphere needs to also be accompanied by strengthening in regions in Indonesia which are considered to actually know their true potential to be used as opportunities by local governments so that they can contribute to the amount of national economic income. As one of the areas in Indonesia which is located in the province of West Java, namely the city of Bandung. The city of Bandung has been known as a Creative City because there are many creative economic actors developing in all production sectors such as culinary, tourist destinations, music, fashion, etc. which have very high added value so that they are  able to compete in local and foreign markets. The role of multi stakeholders to implement the main program or policy to realize the goals of Collaborative Governance among 30 sub-districts throughout the city of Bandung which is connected to the direction of the policy of the City of Bandung which is collaborated on an ongoing basis accompanied by a series of norms, principles, and rules in decision making with the private sector, elements of the community, small and medium business actors towards the industrial sector at a macro level

Solving public problems in the concept of governance certainly cannot involve only one government actor. The need for collaboration between stakeholders is an urgency in this research. Collaborative development is certainly not easy, it requires a scheme and a roadmap that can describe the activities and limitations of collaboration in the implementation of solving public problems in this context related to the development of a center for economic empowerment and community creativity in the city of Bandung.
Describing and compiling strategic steps in the implementation of Collaborative Governance becomes an urgency in the context of collaboration to realize the Development of the Center for Economic Empowerment and Community Creativity in the City of Bandung. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies, models and schemes for implementing collaboration through the concept of Collaborative Governance in a comprehensive and implementative manner.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Collaborative Governanceis present as a response to the reform of the governance paradigm which emphasizes the presence of stakeholder involveme nt in an effort to achieve common goals. According to Ansell and Gash (2007), Collaborative Governance is formed because of increasingly specialized knowledge which is then distributed and institutional infrastructure Emerson and Nabatchi (2015) defines more broadly about Collaborative Governance as a form of collaborative governance in a series of processes and structures of public policy formulation, decision making, and public manageme nt by involving the role of government actors as public bodies, private sector, elements of society in the public sphere to achieve public goals. (welfare) that cannot be achieved if only relying on one party. Collaborative Governance has developed related to "multi-layered system context" including policy and legal frameworks, resource conditions, network characteristics, and power relations (Bryson, John M., Barbara C. Crosby, 2015). In the end, giving rise to the conception rather than a collaborative context is a direct link between the government, the private sector, and elements of society covers pattern partners hip and joined withhybrid government arrangements such as private and social partnership patterns as reflected in the public-private partnership pattern in terms of collective resource management.

METHODOLOGY
Research methods are generally understood as a form of scientific activity or activity that is carried out gradually and systematically starting with topic determination, data collection, and data analysis in the hope of obtaining an understanding of the meaning of a particular topic, phenomenon, or issue.
This study uses a qualitative research approach. Qualitative research methods are also research methods based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to examine the condition of natural objects where the researcher is the key instrument, data collection techniques are carried out by triangulation (combine

System Context
Economic Empowerment and Community Creativity d), data analysis is inductive or qualitative, and qualitative research results are more emphasize meaning rather than generalization. (Borg and Gall (1989).
Creswel (2008) in (Raco, 2010) defines it as an approach or exploration to explore and understand a central phenomenon. The steps of the qualitative method begin with problem identification, followed by a literature review, clarity of research objectives, data collection, observation, sampling, interviews, ethical issues and data analysis. (Raco, 2010).
The use of this qualitative research approach is appropriate because this research produces a comprehensive description and understanding that cannot be obtained through a quantitative approach or statistical analysis. A qualitative approach is more appropriate to use because the phenomenon under study is complex in nature involving individual understanding and experience, namely the understanding and experience of the research subject. Here is the research flow chart:

RESEARCH RESULT
The collaborative governance actions that are implemented related to the development of centers for economic empowerment and community creativity through the activation of co-working spaces or co-working spaces do not escape the obstacles they experience, therefore there are several obstacles, including the following: The difficulty of mapping the distribution of productive age in each subdistrict in Bandung City which will later become the target of the participants involved to be empowered. Funding that cannot be too dependent on the APBD and only relies on private sector CSR, because CSR is deemed too incidental and only commercial for the company so it is not sustainable. The technical limitations experienced by participants are mainly related to the current pandemic conditions that require online activities, such as the participants' lack of proficiency in mastering digital platforms. The limitation of special space that causes difficulties in the co-working space development stage so that its implementation is still following at the nearest sub-district office.

System Context a) Leadership (Leadership)
financial management in the community as temporary participants for the provision of space, we collaborate with the private sector and state-owned enterprises to provide a place for the mentoring process so that it can attract attention. by System Context, Collaborative Dynamics, and Collaborative Actions. the public is more interested in participating in the activation of coworking spaces and facilitating access to financing for business actors involved in the activation.

b) Consequential Incentives
The collaborative process that has been developed between the Bandung City Government by cooperating with the private sector or other businesses as well as several BUMNs which then donate their funds through the form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

c) Interdependence (Interdependence)
Through the role of the government as the person in charge of mentoring and training to improve the capabilities of the community who are participants, then the private sector plays a role in providing physical things in the form of space and access to costs as well as connecting with broad product marketing, then with academics through PKM programs and research in particular. related to the creative economy which is the reference for implementation recommendations to the community in each sub-district to jointly map the potential of the region.

d) Uncertainty (Uncertainty)
Disbudpar and Bappelitbang are more prepared to anticipate the obstacles that exist as a result of conditions of uncertainty by being more adaptive when providing services to the community or business actors involved in the co-working space. This condition of uncertainty has an impact on global transformation in the context of digital services, so how is the balance of society in balancing the rapidly advancing development in this digital sector which really needs to be strengthened at the level of mentality and morality.

Collaborative Dynamics a) Principled Engagement
This aspect encourages the birth of working groups that are more focused on the community and community institutions such as Karang Taruna, Padepokan arts and business actors to become all virtual and not yet medium to take part in managing this space together through the local sub-district government only as controlling and preparing modules as guidelines for implementing economic development and community creativity because it has become a principle of responsibility.

b) Shared Motivation
Mutual need for each other and the roles of the actors involved complement each other as a real commitment when acting in the field as capital to build trust between fellow stakeholders in a synergistic manner with the community in addition to having the need for an economically viable livelihood, we provide assistance through collaborative spaces to be productive. with the hope of realizing economic recovery in order to increase economic growth which is a great shared motivation.

c) Capacity for joint action
Synergy between stakeholders through organizational cycles in working groups between the Government through Disbudpar, non-governmental organizations the local enabler has non-physical capacity and is related to supervision and evaluation of activation with cooperation that is marketed through digital platforms with guaranteed protection related to their intellectual property rights as a step actually implement the program to achieve effective goals.

a) Impacts
The impact in terms of knowledge, namely increasing participants' insight through learning and mentoring, becoming aware of product management and marketing and being educated on the importance of product originality. In addition, it has an impact on optimizing the exploration of the potential of each sub-district area which is then developed and empowered into a commodity known as its regional identity that is attractive to a large audience.

b) Adaptations
Along with the program, which is supported by institutional strengtheni ng between the actors involved, technological renewal as a tool for the program and the actualization of driving resources are the three main keys in carrying out an adaptive attitude so that the actors also have a thinking ahead mindset, namely thinking towards the future so that they can identify changes that will occur and then prepare for anticipation as early as possible.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of research conducted by researchers regarding Collaborative Governance in the Development of Centers for Economic Empowerment and Community Creativity through the activation of coworking spaces, it can be concluded as follows: 1) The development of the co-working space activation program is carried out through a synergy approach between stakeholders or collaborative governance with a penta-helix collaborative action involving stakeholders consisting of: a. Academics, consisting of students and university lecturers in the city of Bandung, b. The government, consisting of city, sub-district and village level officials, c. Business people, in the form of business actors in the private sector, middle to upper business actors and MSMEs, IKM centers and business incubators, d. Community, consisting of community institutions in each subdistrict or village as well as other communities in the city of Bandung, e. Media, utilizing social media and mass media from stakeholders both directly and indirectly 2) Disseminate information as a forum for socialization related to the Joint Work Space or co-working space. The development of the activation of the Coworking Space through 3 stages including: a. The nursery stage, the stage of growing programs and introducing entrepreneurial interests, generating interest as the beginning of the growth of new business units. b. The entrepreneurial growth stage consists of introducing the business world, growing new business startups to business consolidation that is aligned with the collaboration of young people's businesses with local communities in their area. both individual institutions c. The stage and stabilization of acceleration, the stage of connecting through collaboration incubators and co-working spaces that have grown in big cities, especially in the city of Bandung. Through actions with collaborative business collaborations that are built to be able to accelerate growing businesses in the co-working space in each sub-district. d. Obstacles that are still encountered during implementation in the field such as lack of technical implementation, funding, limited space to mapping the target area are things that need to be addressed.

Recommendations
As for the recommendations that we will put forward related to Collaborative Governance Development of the Center for Economic Empowerment and Community Creativity in the City of Bandung, namely:

1) Conduct an in-depth mapping study in every sub-district in Bandung
City to map the potential in each region and map the geographical and population conditions with the aim of seeing the productive age number so that it can then be optimally empowered through the Joint Workspace. This mapping requires synergistic coordination with data center institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency and sub-district and sub-district government agencies. 2) Encouraging the existence of a new funding scheme that allows no dependence on the use of Regional Government Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) funds and relying too much on Corporate Social Responsibility funds by companies. For example, with a funding scheme through a Public Private Partnership (PPP) in the hope of a longterm agreement or investment by the business sector to develop sustainable co-working. 3) Encouraging technical space for assistance to co-working space activation participants so that they are more adaptable amidst the uncertainty of inclusiveness. adaptive to situational conditions and collaboration related to the provision of shared workspace facilities through the use of public facilities that already exist but have not been used optimally such as former buildings, markets, vacant land to be converted into workspaces for local businesses with e-commerce networks 4) Maintaining sustainable stakeholders both national and international