The Influence of Religiosity and Technology on Premarital Sexual Behavior of Adolescents in Senior High School 2 Kendari

This study aims to determine the effect of religiosity and social media on adolescent premarital sex behavior at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all students at SMA Negeri 1 Lembo, North Konawe Regency, totaling 357 students, while the sample was 176 respondents who were determined by formula lameshow. The research sample was taken using probability sampling. The research data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the effect of religiosity on adolescent premarital sexual behavior was 0.001, and technology (social media) was 0.000.

This study aims to determine the effect of religiosity and social media on adolescent premarital sex behavior at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all students at SMA Negeri 1 Lembo, North Konawe Regency, totaling 357 students, while the sample was 176 respondents who were determined by formula lameshow. The research sample was taken using probability sampling. The research data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the effect of religiosity on adolescent premarital sexual behavior was 0.001, and technology (social media) was 0.000. It can be concluded that religiosity and technology influence adolescent premarital sex behavior at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari. It is recommended for schools to educate students about reproductive health, while parents are expected to be able to supervise and provide love to adolescents..

INTRODUCTION
Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is increasing rapidly in the world, especially in western countries, premarital sexual behavior is considered normal and increasingly acceptable with an average percentage of premarital sexual behavior in male adolescents of 29% for males and 23% for females. (Dahal et al., 2020). Several countries in Southeast Asia reported that teenagers who were active in premarital sex, such as Malaysia 37.9%, Thailand 24.1% and Brunei Darussalam 11.3% had had premarital sex. (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2021).
The proportion of adolescents who have had premarital sex in Indonesia is 8% for men and 2.5% for women. Although this figure is still relatively low compared to other countries in the Asian region, the number of sexual relations among adolescents in Indonesia is relatively high. A study using data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) shows that around 2% of female adolescents aged 15-24 years and 8% of male adolescents at the same age admit to having had sexual intercourse before marriage, and 11% of them experience unwanted pregnancies. . Among women and men who had premarital sex, 59% of women and 74% of men reported having had sex for the first time at the age of 15-19 years (Kemenko PMK, 2022).
Data in Southeast Sulawesi Province found that 67% of men and 64% of women said they had had a girlfriend for the first time dating at the age of 15 years. Around 69% of men and 71% of women currently admit that they still have girlfriends and have had risky sexual behavior such as kissing. Likewise, the results of the 2018 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in Southeast Sulawesi Province noted that 13.3% of adolescents aged 15-19 who were surveyed admitted to having sex for the first time at the age of 15 and 60% of adolescent respondents surveyed and unmarried women admit to having had an abortion, either intentional or spontaneous (miscarriage) when they had an unwanted pregnancy (BKKBN Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, 2022).
The survey results from the Kendari City Health Service in 2019 found that 21.3% of adolescents had petted, 7.2% of adolescents had oral sexual intercourse, 4.1% of adolescents had vaginal intercourse (Dinkes Kota Kendari, 2022).
Many factors can trigger the occurrence of premarital sex behavior in adolescents such as biological factors, parents, peer influence, understanding, and sexual experiences experienced by adolescents. Adolescent behavior is influenced by social functioning, emotional, and cognitive processes. Many adolescent practices deviate towards free sex which is premarital sex. Adolescent behavior in preventing free sex is also influenced by self-efficacy (Mishbahatul et al., 2020).
Technology, in this case social media, is closely related to adolescent sexual behavior, because information and pornographic videos can be easily accessed by teenagers. The results of the study showed that the majority of students obtained sex information from peers, namely 69.3% and only 30.7% admitted to finding out for themselves about the content. There was a significant relationship between peer influence and adolescent sexual behavior (Syaftriani et al., 2022). In addition, 25.6% of adolescents who are exposed to social media engage in risky sexual behavior and only 11.1% who have risky sexual behavior are not exposed to social media. Relationship analysis shows that there is a relationship between social media exposure and risky sexual behavior in adolescents at MAN Manggarai Timur (Padut et al., 2021).
Based on the results of a preliminary study that researchers conducted on June 22, 2022 at Kendari 2 Public High School, by conducting interviews with student advisors, information was obtained that many students at Kendari 2 Public High School were dating, besides that frequent raids and It was found that students brought mobile phones to school. In addition to conducting interviews with the school's student advisors, the researcher also distributed questionnaires on adolescent sexual behavior to several Lembo 1 Public High School students. Supporting data was obtained, namely 15 students who had dated, watched pornographic films 9, and 10 kissed the lips of the opposite sex. 4 people kissed the cheek/neck of the opposite sex, 9 people hugged the opposite sex, 3 touched the sensitive parts of the opposite sex. It can be concluded that almost all students at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari have had the experience of dating and some students who have been dating say they have done acts of premarital sex such as holding hands, kissing cheeks, hugging, kissing lips, holding breasts on top of clothes or upside down. dress.

METHODOLOGY
This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional study approach, namely research that seeks to find relationships between one variable and another by collecting data (measurements) on independent (independent) and dependent (bound) variables at one time at the same time (Siswanto et al., 2020). In this case the researcher measured the independent variables (family support, religiosity, peers and technology) and the dependent variable (premarital sex) simultaneously. This research was carried out at State Senior High School (SMAN) 2 Kendari from 2022 to January 2023.
The population in this study were all 357 students at Kendari Public High School, while the sample consisted of 176 students who were determined based on the lameshow formula. The sampling technique in this study consisted of types, namely: stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. because the respondents are spread over several classes, the researcher first determines the size of the respondents based on the class using stratified random sampling, then the researcher takes the sample using simple random sampling technique. Also in this study, researchers used inclusion criteria to screen respondents, where the criteria were as follows: have had or currently have a girlfriend, live with their parents and are willing to be respondents. The data analysis technique used in this research is chi-square analysis.

RESEARCH RESULT Steps to test your results here
In this section, you should describe each step taken to complete your research. You should not include too many descriptive statistical results here; on the other hand, it should be summarized in a more readable table or graph. You should never forget the numbers for each table and chart presented in your paper. All formulas or formulas must also be numbered.
Y= G+C+I+Nx …………… (1) In this section, each statistical test you perform should be thoroughly explained. This section is very important to describe the research methodology used. Each statistical finding should be summarized and presented in a table or graph; not just copy-paste from your statistics tool.\

DISCUSSION Premarital Sex Behavior
Sexual behavior is any behavior driven by sexual desire, either towards the opposite sex or the same sex. The manifestation of this behavior, including feelings of attraction, dating, kissing, and intercourse. The object can be another person, in the imagination, or oneself (Padut et al., 2021).
Based on the results of the study, it was found that 74 respondents (42.0%) had light premarital sexual behavior, while 102 respondents (58.0%) had heavy sexual behavior. It can be concluded that most of the respondents did not have risky sexual behavior. This means that most of the teenagers in SMA Negeri 2 Kendari have good sexual behavior or do not engage in sexual activity. Even though there are only a few teenagers in SMA Negeri 2 Kendari who have risky sexual behavior, this is still a big problem for adolescent health, because with free sexual activity, teenagers will be at risk of contracting reproductive diseases such as HIV AIDS and even at risk of transmitting it to others. Among the respondents who had premarital sex, some of them had even had sexual intercourse.
The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Marsus et al (2022), in his research he found that most of the teenage respondents studied in Kendari City mostly did not have premarital sex behavior (60%) and 40% had premarital sex behavior. (Marsus et al., 2022) From the results of this study it is known that some of the premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in SMA Negeri 1 Lembo, North Konawe Regency, among others, are going on dates, holding hands, hugging each other, kissing cheeks, kissing lips, kissing necks, touching breasts, touching partner's genitals, rubbing each other genitals, oral sex, masturbation or masturbation, and intercourse.
The results of research related to the forms of sexual activity carried out by adolescents at SMA 2 Kendari found that the most sexual behavior carried out by respondents was kissing the lips 50 respondents (67.6%), but the behavior of kissing the lips was included in the category of risky sexual behavior which could encourage respondents to engage in riskier sexual behavior. In this study, there were 2 (2.7%) adolescents who had had intercourse (intercouse).
This study also found several reasons for adolescents to engage in sexual activity, where the most reasons stated were to express affection (76%), so that their boyfriends remain loyal (52%) and to gain experience (48%). The place for sexual intercourse is most often a friend's house. Almost all respondents had sexual relations with their girlfriends (91.2%), sex workers/men for fun (8.8%). Nearly half of the respondents stated that sexual relations were initiated by the men, who incidentally were mostly boyfriends. Adolescent sexual behavior at State Senior High School 2 Kendari is motivated by affection and love which is dominated by closeness and high passion for their partners. (romantic love).

Relation between Religiosity and Adolescent Premarital Sex Behavior
Religion in an individual's life functions as a value system that contains certain norms and in general becomes a frame of reference in behaving and behaving so that it is in line with the religious beliefs he adheres to. People who obey religious teachings are called the level of religiosity. So that religiosity is an inner relationship between humans and God that can affect human life. When a person's religiosity is good, he will also have strong faith and piety in controlling desires that are in conflict with religious norms. The level of religiosity in this study was measured using 4 indicators, namely: the robustness of belief, appreciation of religious teachings, persistence in carrying out worship, and understanding of mate Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were almost the same number of respondents who had good and bad religiosity, namely 100 respondents (56.8%) had bad religiosity, while 76 respondents (43.2%) had good religiosity. It can be concluded that adolescents in Kendari 2 Public Senior High School have a poor category of religiosity. From the results of interviews with several respondents, it was found that they were less young to pray only if a friend invited them, or they wanted to pray. Adolescents whose religiosity is in a good category can be seen from the answers of the respondents who routinely answer that they carry out their services on time and feel that God is watching over their activities. Teenagers carrying out worship say they often go to the mosque to carry out maghrib and isha prayers. Obedience to adolescent worship is obtained from their parents at home as well as the education of religious teachers in their schools.
The results of the bivariate analysis found that adolescents who had good religiosity and did not have sexual behavior were as many as 55 respondents (72.4%), this proved that the better one's religiosity, the greater one's not having sex. This is because teenagers at State Senior High School 2 Kendari have obedience to worship (prayer), so they feel that their activities are always supervised by God. Teenagers also fill their evenings by going to the mosque and then returning home to do school work. Teenagers think that school achievement is more important than their dating. In addition, teenagers who have good religiosity also get support and supervision from their parents, so that teenagers are happy even though they don't have to have a girlfriend.
Likewise with adolescents whose religiosity is not good and premarital sex behavior is in the severe category as many as 53 respondents (53.0%), this is because adolescents are disobedient in carrying out worship so they do not feel afraid of committing sins. It is known that obedience to worship according to religion can be a therapy to overcome social problems, because religion has strictly prohibited negative actions including premarital sex. If a person has faith in a religious teaching, practices worship according to that belief, and practices religious teachings properly and correctly, then actions/behaviors that are prohibited in that religion will be avoided by adolescents. In addition to poor religiosity, adolescents are also easily exposed to negative peer association which leads to negative behavior as well. This is certainly in line with the fact that people who are not religious mostly have friends who are also less religious (negative). Where negative associations make teenagers also behave negatively.
This research also found that there were 21 respondents (27.65) teenagers who had good religiosity and premarital sex behavior, this was because the respondents were exposed to social media. Several respondents said that they like to access pornographic videos either alone or with their friends. This is exacerbated by the lack of supervision from parents of teenagers who free teenagers to hold their cell phones. Teenagers say their parents rarely sit together to just tell stories and ask about their school problems.
In addition, as many as 47 respondents (47.0%) were adolescents with poor religiosity and did not have premarital sex, this was because adolescents received family support in this case parental love and attention. Teenagers said their parents took the time to ask about the problems faced by teenagers, as well as provide suggestions and input to teenagers regarding the goals of their school. In addition, teenagers also do not hang out with just any friends, smart teenagers choose their peers to be friends, so there is no time for teenagers to fall into negative things, including premarital sex behavior..
The results of this study were reinforced by the results of multivariate analysis which found that religiosity was variable number 3 which had the most influence on adolescent premarital sex behavior at State Senior High School 2 Kendari with a risk value (OR) = 2.185. This means that adolescents who are not religious have a 2,185 greater risk of engaging in premarital sex than adolescents who have a good religious level. The level of religiosity is a factor that influences adolescent sexual behavior because in the bivariate analysis it can be seen that the distribution of respondents with a poor level of religiosity and sexual behavior in the heavy category is larger in proportion (53.0%), as well as respondents with a good level of religiosity and mild sexual behavior. bigger (72.4%).
Religiosity in life has individual functions and social functions. The function of religiosity in individual life is as a value system that contains norms that will be used as a reference in behaving and socializing with people around them, not doing negative things, such as stealing, drinking, and engaging in premarital sexual behavior. . Someone who has a good religious level will behave according to religious norms and can distance himself from negative things.
According to the researcher's assumption that good religiosity in students can make them better understand the norms and values set by religion so that they can be more selective in their behavior and as much as possible avoid things that are prohibited by their religion. Weak knowledge about religion makes it easier for respondents to fall into negative behavior, because they do not understand the boundaries of what is good and what is bad to do.
School as a means of education plays a major role in shaping one's religiosity. Various religious activities such as congregational prayers, recitation of the Koran, commemoration of religious holidays, Islamic boarding school activities during the month of Ramadan are routine activities that must be carried out by the school so that students can increase their religious observance. In addition, the curriculum also includes Islamic religious subjects as compulsory subjects in each semester, this aims to make students more knowledgeable and understand religion. (Mulyawati & Sukmasari, 2018). This is in line with research conducted by Elvira et al (2019) which showed that 81 respondents (29.3%) were disobedient to worship (29.3%) with risky sexual behavior as many as 48 respondents (59.3%) while devout (religious) respondents ) as many as 195 respondents (70.7%) with risky premarital sexual behavior, there were 63 respondents (32.3%). Statistical test results show p-value = 0.005 with the conclusion that there is a significant relationship between religious observance and premarital sexual behavior of adolescents at SMA N 1 Pemali, Bangka with an OR = 3.048 meaning that adolescents who are disobedient to worship have 3 times greater chances for risky sexual behavior compared to devout adolescents. (Elvira et al., 2019).
This research is also in line with the results of a study conducted by Sutrisno, et al who found that out of 150 respondents who had good religiosity, 98.7% had mild sexual behavior and only 1.3% had premarital sex in the severe category. Meanwhile, 59.1% of respondents whose religiosity was not good were found to have mild sexual behavior and 40.9% to have heavy sexual behavior. The results of the statistical test found a value of p = 0.001, which means there is a relationship between religiosity and premarital sex behavior in SMA Negeri Samarinda. (Sutrisno et al., 2020). Therefore, in reducing premarital sexual behavior among adolescents, especially among high school students, schools must increase promotive and preventive efforts, in this case religious education must be raised and disseminated to a wide audience, especially adolescents, both in families, schools, campuses, places worship and work environment. Such as schools starting from the elementary, middle, high school and equivalent levels and even tertiary institutions (PT) must have worship facilities, namely mosques / prayer rooms as a means of coaching as well as carrying out worship for students in the school environment.

The Relationship between the Influence of Technology (Socmed) and Premarital Sexual Behavior among Teenagers
The development of today's communication technology is very fundamental for the wider community, especially among adolescents. With the existence of technology, the connection between humans and other humans can easily be done quickly and effectively at one time. One of them is social media, with social media changing the form of interaction and the way we communicate. In its use it allows users to receive and disseminate information more broadly, socialize more easily, ways of self-expression both in the form of pictures, videos and writing. The openness of information technology on social media, especially related to pornographic content, makes it easier for everyone to access it. Human curiosity is great, causing many people to open social media, especially pornographic content. This is because pornography is something that is very interesting to watch compared to other content The results of univariate analysis in this study found that the sexual behavior of high school adolescents who were affected by technology (social media) was in the negative category as many as 117 respondents (66.5%), while those who were influenced by technology were in the positive category as many as 59 respondents (33.5%) . The results of the study can be concluded that the majority of respondents actively use social media. This is certainly evidenced by the number of teenagers who have cell phones. Mobile phones are now considered a primary need for humans, especially teenagers, both to help the learning process as well as to communicate with others. In addition to the existence of many mobile phones among teenagers, the availability of cheap data packages as well as wifi, makes teenagers free to access information on social media.
The results of the bivariate analysis found that 48 respondents (81.4%) were not affected by social media and did not behave sexually, this number was greater than those who had premarital sex (18.6%). This is because teenagers use technology only for learning needs and completing school assignments, teenagers also use social media only during breaks, and are not used to access pornographic videos. Thus adolescents are not exposed to the negative effects of social media technology which can lead to negative actions. This is also supported because parents of teenagers supervise teenagers in using technology (mobile phones), parents always remind teenagers not to overdo social media.
This study also found that 63 respondents (53.8%) were influenced by technology (social media) and had premarital sex. This also shows a large proportion when compared to teenagers who do not behave sexually even though they are influenced by social media (46.2). This is because teenagers using social media technology often access pornographic videos that can increase their sexual desire. This activity is carried out by teenagers both at home and outside the home. This is exacerbated by the lack of supervision from parents, as well as the low level of religiosity among adolescents so that selfcontrol becomes less. Some teenagers also said that they like to access pornographic sites because their friends tell them. In this case peers also play an important role in the formation of adolescent sexual behavior.
The results of the bivariate analysis found that 54 respondents (46.2%) had mild premarital sex behavior even though they were exposed to social media technology. This is because teenagers have strong self-control over social media, they are able to distinguish between what is good and what is bad for them, so that even though they are exposed to social media, they do not fall into negative things, including sexual behavior. Social media for teenagers is only used as a source of information and a source of learning for teenagers. This is evidenced by several respondents who said that although they often use social media technology, it is only used to access information related to lessons, watching videos and using social media only during free time, or during breaks to complete school assignments.
In addition, in this study it was also found that 11 respondents (18.6%) had premarital sex behavior in the heavy category even though they were not exposed to social media technology. This is because teenagers are influenced by their social environment (peers), even though they are not exposed to social media (don't have cellphones and data packages) but they often hang out with their peers. Where in the association, teenagers often share their experiences with their girlfriends, so that teenagers become provoked to do negative things as told by their peers. In addition, teenagers do not get enough supervision and advice from their parents, which causes them to feel free to associate with anyone that leads to negative things. This result is reinforced by the results of multivariate analysis which found that technology (social media) is variable number 2 which has the most influence on premarital sex behavior of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Lembo where the risk value (OR) = 3.765, which means that adolescents who are exposed to social media technology will be 4 times more likely to have premarital sex than teenagers who are not exposed to social media technology. This means that the more young people are exposed to technology, especially pornographic social media, the more risky they are to engage in premarital sex.
It is undeniable that technological developments have made society, especially teenagers now, able to easily access pornographic sites, pictures or shows via the internet on their respective mobile phones. In practice, teenagers often take advantage of chat services, browsing, accessing content and videos which lead to teenagers' dependence on social media. The immaturity of mindset makes adolescents unable to properly sort out information obtained from social media so that it can have an unhealthy impact which gives opportunities for adolescents who are exposed to social media to have a greater likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior compared to adolescents who are not exposed social media.
Depending on how teens use technology (social media), social media can have a beneficial or detrimental influence. Accessing pornographic sites, which are quite easy to find on the internet, can have a detrimental effect on the morale, attitudes and behavior of adolescents. Of course this is very worrying because it can damage their morale, attitude and behavior. In addition, exposure to social media has a beneficial effect on accessing information and understanding about reproductive health of premarital sex, therefore using social media in a more responsible manner is very important. Media in providing education on understanding sexuality in order to increase adolescent knowledge and prevent misinformation about premarital sexual behavior (Lubis, 2018).
These results are in line with research conducted by Puspita et al (2019), where in their research a p-value of 0.005 was obtained, which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of social media and risky sexual behavior in Surakarta City Vocational Schools with a percentage of adolescents exposed to social media of 67.3% while those who were not exposed to media questions were only 32.7% and the OR value was 3.675, which means that adolescents exposed to social media are at risk of 3.675 times greater for sexual behavior compared to adolescents who are not exposed to social media (Puspita et al., 2020). This is also in line with research conducted by Hamdana, et al (2022), which states that exposure to social media (technology) is a factor that influences the sexual behavior of high school adolescents at SMA Negeri 9 Luwu with an OR value of 4.330, with a percentage of adolescents those who are exposed to social media and have risky sexual behavior are 61.8% greater than adolescents who are not exposed to social media and have risky sexual behavior as much as 23.9% (Marsus et al., 2022).
From the results of the research above, we can conclude that the negative impact of social media is a serious matter that must be addressed. Users including teenagers can be easily influenced, because on social media all incoming information, both positive and negative information, can all be accessed by users. Therefore, users, especially teenagers, are expected to be able to better filter all information that comes in on social media, and not accept all the information that comes in raw. It is also necessary to carry out special supervision from parents, so that teenagers are not free to access pornographic content..

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The conclusion in this study is religiosity, and social media technology influence the behavior of premarital sex among adolescents at State Senior High School 2 Kendari. It is hoped that the school can make activities that are positive in this case religious activities so that students focus more on getting closer and growing their religious spirit so as to avoid negative things and it is also hoped that the school will make a regular schedule to conduct education about reproductive health to their students as well as conducting cross-sector collaboration to conduct counseling about the dangers of free sex. In addition, the school is also expected to be able to facilitate the formation of a forum (organization) for students engaged in the health sector, especially reproductive health, such as forming the PIK-RR organization (Information Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health). In addition, it is hoped that parents will instill religious values from an early age and spend time with children to just chat so that children feel cared for and loved by their parents and parents are also expected to control and supervise children so that children

ADVANCED RESEARCH
Because some of the respondents in this study withdrew for reasons of embarrassment with the research questions, it is hoped that future research will develop measurement methods and techniques that can make respondents feel comfortable and can provide information honestly. Apart from that, it is also hoped that further research will examine other variables, especially related to community culture on adolescent premarital sex behavior.