Post-Cold War Great Power Strategic Engagements: United States – China - Russia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v3i12.12280Keywords:
Great Power Competition, Strategic Engagement, Post-Cold War, Country Building MeasuresAbstract
The post-Cold War period witnessed the evolution of Great Power Strategic Engagements (GPSE) among the United States, China, and Russia, characterized by cooperation, competition, and complex interactions. These engagements impact global stability through military, economic, and diplomatic spheres. Strategic competition, particularly influenced by economic and technological ambitions, has shaped policies and alliances. This research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing literature to understand how GPSE and Great Power Competition (GPC) interplay affects international order and defense strategies, emphasizing cooperation potential and conflict risks. The study underscores the delicate balance between rivalry and collaboration.
Downloads
References
Aljazeera. (2023, December 2). Russia boosts size of armed forces by 170,000 troops. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/2/russia-to-boost-size-of-armed-forces-by-170000-troops
Ashford, E. (2021). Build Cooperation Cycles, Not Security Spirals. Atlantic Council. www.atlhttps://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Ashford-Reality-Check- 1-Build-cooperation-cycles-not-security-spirals.pdfanticcouncil.org
Berg, R. C. (2024, February 12). China and Russia engage Latin America and the Caribbean differently. Both threaten US interests. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/china-and-russia-engage-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-differently-both-threaten-us-interests/
Berridge, G., & Young, J. (1988). What is a Great Power? Political Studies, 36, 224–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9248.1988.TB00226.X
Bolt, P. (n.d.). US, Chinese, and Russian Perspectives on the Global Order. http://users.metu.edu.tr/utuba/Krauthammer.pdf;
Brinkerhoff, D. W. (2005). Rebuilding governance in failed states and post-conflict societies: Core concepts and cross-cutting themes. In Public Administration and Development (Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 3–14). https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.352
China Power Team. (2022). Unpacking China’s GDP. China Power. https://chinapower.csis.org/tracker/china- gdp/
Congressional Research Service. (2024). Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense- Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service. https://crsreports.congress.gov
CSIS. (n.d.). Confidence-Building Measures. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved February 26, 2024, from https://www.csis.org/programs/international-security- program/isp-archives/asia-division/confidence-building-measures
Davis, G. D., & Slobodchikoff, M. (2022). Great-Power Competition and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In JOURNAL OF INDO-PACIFIC AFFAIRS. https://media.defense.gov/2022/Jul/31/2003046336/-1/-1/1/14 SLOBOHICKOFF_COMMENTARY.PDF
Farhadi, A. (n.d.). The Great Power Competition. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64473-4_12
Focus Economics. (2024). Russia Economy. Focus Economics.
Fukuyama, F. (2004). State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Cornell University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvrf8c1g
GFP. (2024a). 2024 China Military Strength. Global Fire Power. https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=china
GFP. (2024b). 2024 United States Military Strength. Global Fire Power. https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=united-states-of-america
GFP. (2024c). Russia Military Strength. Global Fire Power. https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=russia
Graceffo, A. (2023, March 21). The Ukraine War and Great Power Competition. Modern Diplomacy. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/03/21/the-ukraine-war-and-great-power-competition/
Graham, T. (2020). China-Russia-US Relations and Strategic Triangles. Polis. Political Studies, 6, 62–72. https://doi.org/10.17976/JPPS/2020.06.05
Hill, F., Madan, T., Sloat, A., & Solis, M. (2022, July). Balancing act: Major powers and the global response to US-China great power competition. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/balancing-act-major-powers-and-the-global-response-to- us-china-great-power-competition/
Horowitz, M. C., & Scharre, P. (2021). AI and International Stability Risks and Confidence-Building Measures. https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/documents/AI-and-International-Stability-Risks-and-Confidence-Building-Measures.pdf
Jatmiko, B. (2023). Indonesia’s Defense Policy in the Great Power Competition Era. Jurnal Pertahanan, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3317
Krepon, M. (1997). Chinese Perspectives on Confidence-building Measures Pragmatic Steps Toward Ideal Objectives. Stimson. http://www.stimson.org
Kroenig, M. (2020). The Return of Great Power Rivalry. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080242.001.0001
Kurlantzick, J. (2023, October 20). Responding to China and Russia’s Influence on the Militarization of Global Politics. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/blog/responding-china-and-russias-influence-militarization-global-politics
Lowy Institute. (2023a). China. Lowy Institute. https://power.lowyinstitute.org/countries/china/
Lowy Institute. (2023b). United States. Lowy Institute. https://power.lowyinstitute.org/countries/united-states/
Mankoff, J. (2021). Russia in the Era of Great Power Competition. The Washington Quarterly, 44, 107–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2021.1970905
Menon, R. (2009). The limits of Chinese-Russian partnership. Survival, 51(3), 99–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396330903011529
Minakova, I., Bukreeva, T., Solodukhina, O., & Golovin, A. (2021). The USA, Russia and China as a Center of Influence in Global Economy. SHS Web of Conferences, 92, 09009. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219209009
Nezhnikova, E., Papelniuk, O., & Gorokhova, A. (2018). Russia-China Energy Dialogue: Research of the Most Promising Energy Areas for Interrelation. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8, 203–211.
Paris, R., & Sisk, T. D. (2009). The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations. Routledge.
RAND National Security Research Division. (2022). Russia’s Means of Global Influence. RAND .
RAND Project Air Force. (n.d.). An Interactive Look at the U.S.-China Military Scorecard. RAND. Retrieved February 27, 2024, from https://www.rand.org/paf/projects/us-china- scorecard.html
Silver, C. (2023, December 15). The Top 25 Economies in the World. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/
Statista Research Department. (2023). Armed Forces of Russia. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/9957/armed-forces-of-russia/#topicOverview
Tavares, J., & Schake, K. (2022). Not your grandparents’ Cold War: Why America should emphasize economic rather than military strategies in its rivalry with China. TheHeritageFoundation, 78, 324–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2132739
U.S. Department of Defense. (2023). Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China.
Vuving, A. (2020). Great Power Competition: Lessons from the Past, Implications for the Future. SocArXif. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/dmvbw
Wagener, L. (2023). China–US Nuclear Relations: From Securitization to Trust Building. Global Public Policy Institute. https://gppi.net/2023/12/21/china-us-nuclear- relations-from-securitization-to-trust-building
Wissemann, M. W. (2021). Great (Soft) power competition: Us and chinese efforts in global health engagement. Parameters, 51(3), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.3080
Wu, X. (2020). Technology, power, and uncontrolled great power strategic competition between China and the United States. China International Strategy Review, 2(1), 99–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42533-020-00040-0
Ye, T. (2022). The Roots of Great Power Competition: An Analysis Based on the Increasing Returns Mechanism. Social Sciences in China, 43, 77–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2022.2166286
Yu, L. (2020). Contending Chinese Perspectives on China-Russia Military Partnership. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 53, 240–259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1525/J.POSTCOMSTUD.2020.53.4.240
Zhang, B. (2023). Polarity and Strategic Competition: A Structural Explanation of Renewed Great Power Rivalry. The Chinese Journal of International Politics. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poad012
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Faradillah Isnaeni Putri, Rodon Pedrason, Frega Ferdinand Wenas Inkiriwang, Kristoforus Evan Andriyanto, Dyah Sekar Arum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
