Protection and Analysis of 37 Historical Buildings in Cantonese Traditional Villages of Cuiwei Village in Zhuhai

: With the rapid development of China's economy, the urbanization process is gradually accelerating, and there are a large number of traditional village spaces are abandoned and compressed, which has greatly changed the original pattern of ancient villages. Cuiwei village is an example of Zhuhai's typical Lingnan Cantonese traditional village evolving into a village in the city, which has experienced many changes in spatial pattern. This paper adopts the method of qualitative investigation to conduct a detailed investigation and analysis of the types of historical buildings in Cuiwei village, and focuses on the impact of historical buildings on people's spatial feelings. It puts forward planning suggestions to provide reference for the follow-up protection of the architectural heritage of Cantonese traditional villages.


Research Object
Cuiwei village in Zhuhai is located in Qianshan District. The planning object is located in the central urban area of Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province. It is adjacent to Mingzhu South Road (Urban Rail Mingzhu station) in the West and Renmin West Road in the north. It is the original site of Cuiwei old village. The land area of Cuiwei RI village is 300422.90 square meters. The total surveyed building area of residential houses in the old village is 561341.17 square meters (excluding village collective components), of which the building area of more than 5 floors is 514815.87 square meters The building area above 5 floors is 46525.3 square meters. After confirmation, the total recognized building area is 420677.75 square meters, and the unrecognized building area below 5 floors is 95078.7 square meters. The construction area of the historical building protection area is about 1.14 square meters), and the converted gross floor area ratio is about 3.74. This project is an important demonstration project for the protection and renewal of old villages in Zhuhai. It is not only a simple demolition and reconstruction of old villages, but also another form of restoration and reproduction of the history of this area. This paper selects 37 buildings and structures in Cuiwei village as the comparative analysis objects, which are: Mei song Wu Gongci, Jingtang Yang Gongci, Yang Meinan's former residence; Renheli,zhongheli,dunmuli,tengfengli,yiguli,nanmingli menfang;Houses at No. 24,31,47,No. 10,Weishi,No. 7,Binlang street,No. 4,erheng lane,and No. 19,renheli,yiguli;I le,Yishan,Biyue,Desu,Huishan,jieweng,dunmuli Zhenyuan and Yishan Wu Gongci; Lunguo temple, cuiweidi garden, Nanyang temple and dabachi in the center of betel nut street. The plane pattern is three rooms with two entrances, which is composed of a head gate, a patio, two corridors and a main hall. There is a square in front of it and a single bay auxiliary house on the north side. The two are separated by Qingyun lane. Walking into the three kings temple, the main hall of the building uses melon column beam lifting wooden beam frame, and the overall depth is 14.

Structure and materials
The whole building is of brick and wood structure, with hard top and gable of official cap. The shape of the official hat gable is similar to that of the ancient official hat, which is generally made into three levels, implying "three levels in a row". Guanmao gable is rare in Zhuhai and is of great research value. The building sits in the northeast and southwest dynasties. The rich and colorful folk beliefs and sacrificial activities mostly take the traditional altar temple as the space and material carrier. The head door of the temple is in the form of open couplets, with twelve deep frames and two vertical Dougong jumps. There is a moon beam under the eaves. The beam head of the cross frame has the pattern of water bouquet flowers and plants, the pier is painted with auspicious patterns, and the lintel is decorated with colored paintings, with landscape flowers and birds, and the stone columns, column bases and cornices are beautifully carved;It is worth mentioning that under the corridor on the right side of the temple patio is inlaid with an inscription titled "inscription on the newly built auxiliary house of the three kings ancient temple", which is an important identification of the ancient temple and records the history of its construction. The building faces west and covers an area of about 200 square meters. The overall pattern is three rooms and two entrances, consisting of a front door, a patio, two corridors, and a main hall. The building is of brick and wood structure, with green brick walls and rolling tiles in the front and back, and the main ridge is of Bogu style. 4 Quantity on hand 1

Overall evaluation
The head door of the building is in the form of open couplets, ten frames deep, shrimp bow beams are set under the eaves, the ridge pier is in the pattern of flowers and plants, the horizontal frame is a Bogu beam frame, and the rest of the column bases, sparrows, beam heads, cornice boards and other exquisite shapes. The main hall of the building is deep into three rooms and twelve frames. The melon column lifting beam type wooden beam frame is used, and the front eave three frames are used as the porch. The Bogu beam frame is used, and the carving is complex and detailed. The overall pattern of Meisong Wu Gongci is complete, with some additional rooms in the main hall. The preservation condition is general, and it is now used as a folk house. Sitting in the northeast and facing the southwest, it covers an area of about 380 square meters. The building is 38 meters deep and 9.6 meters wide. The plane pattern is three rooms and three entrances, which are composed of the head door, patio, two entrances and three entrances hall. Structure and materials Brick and wood structure 4 Quantity on hand 1

Overall evaluation
The building is one story high, with rubble plinths, green brick walls, and a hard Hill roof made of rolled grey tiles. The front door of the building is a common open Ying style in Lingnan area. It is three rooms wide and eleven frames deep. Shrimp bow beams and stone carved humps are set under the eaves, and hump brackets and wooden beams are used. The second entrance hall of the building is three rooms wide and thirteen frames deep. The wooden beam frame is melon column lifting beam type, with three-step beams in front and back. The architectural form of the three entry hall is the same as that of the two entry hall, with a slight increase in spatial scale.
Source: drawn by the author

development dilemma and planning method of ancient architecture system
Nuclear density analysis from geospatial system is mainly used to calculate the density of different elements in their surrounding fields. In this case, after obtaining the ancient building surface, road and commercial POI data of Cuiwei village, convert the surface building data into points, and then conduct nuclear density analysis. The analysis shows that Cuiwei village is a combination of belt shaped villages and radial villages. The core morphological characteristics of belt shaped villages are interrelated with the extension of belt shaped axis. The scale of Cuiwei village is smaller than that of other villages inside and outside the province, with a single core of settlement and radial settlement. The spatial form of the core image has a certain stretching effect along the axis of village development, and its association with the spatial form of the village is relatively clear, Due to the long-term influence of complex landscape patterns, Cuiwei village also presents the characteristics of multiple different axis spatial sequences. The area with the highest distribution of ancient buildings is in the middle of Cuiwei village, and the higher ones are the lower middle area, the northern area and the lower northern area, which spread from the middle to the surrounding area and gradually decreased. The author believes that the transformation, protection and organic renewal of Cuiwei village should concentrate the ancient buildings in one area for centralized protection rather than single repair. At this stage, the quality of village buildings is poor. Due to the relocation of Aborigines and the occupancy of outsiders, the core public space in Cuiwei village is basically occupied by residential construction. Only a few of the existing ancient buildings are well preserved, and most of them have been damaged to varying degrees. The illegal construction in Cuiwei village is serious and the building density is high. The "handshake building" can be seen everywhere in the village, which can not meet the sunshine needs of villagers, causing fire hazards in all aspects and seriously affecting the quality of life. There are a large number of dilapidated and empty houses in Cuiwei village. On the one hand, it has a serious dislocation with the land value of the local block; On the other hand, it causes a lot of potential safety hazards.
Therefore, in the direction of historical building planning, apply for urban renewal of demolition and construction, that is, the transformation method of "overall demolition and construction + local protection", delimit the scope of historical building protection area, with a land area of about 29000 square meters (including the municipal immovable cultural relics Wechsler mansion), and consider the planning strategy of combining original site reconstruction and relocation protection to plan the historical buildings in Cuiwei village. Based on the original and ancient spatial context of "seven streets, seven Li and one lane", For example, through the complete restoration of these historical context clues through the landscape, road system and other elements, and then through the setting of the core blocks of historical buildings, the important historical buildings will be centrally protected and repaired, and be activated and utilized, so as to rejuvenate the vitality, so that the traditional culture and modern civilization are highly integrated. At the same time, fully consider the demands of contemporary villagers, meet the needs of modern residence, and create a comfortable and first-class one-star residential community.
The overall planning concept is to respect history, restore texture, activate the block and improve supporting facilities. In cities with daily congested roads, a good road planning system can greatly improve the quality of a region. The chaotic road network layout of the original villages makes the traffic in the already congested urban core area bear greater pressure. In the future, the planning object plans to create a vertical and horizontal vehicle road network to separate and connect the whole old reconstruction area. Among them, the central street is the main east-west road in the future, connecting Mingzhu South Road in the West and cuiqian North Road in the East. The street is relatively wide. With both sides of the road, the whole village land block is divided into North and south areas at the same time. The north area is dominated by financing plots, the south area is dominated by relocation plots, and the core area of ancient buildings is located in the center. The height limit of buildings in the historical building protection area is 12 meters; The construction height of the project financing development and resettlement relocation plot is limited to 150 meters, and the local plot can reach 180 meters.
At the same time, it reproduces the traditional context of "seven streets, seven miles and one lane" in ancient Cuiwei village, and maximizes the preservation of the original street texture of Cuiwei village with the historical buildings preserved at the original site as the core. The new betel nut street is reproduced on the texture of the original betel nut street. As a north-south road running through the land, betel nut Street connects the restored dunmuli, tengfengli, yiguli and the newly-built holy hall, and reproduces the original texture of Cuiwei. The new betel nut street is reproduced on the texture of the original betel nut street. As a north-south road running through the land, betel nut Street connects the restored dunmuli, tengfengli, yiguli and the newly-built holy hall, and reproduces the original texture of Cuiwei. An entrance square is set at both ends of Binlang street as the landmark entrance of xincuiwei. In terms of the relationship with the surrounding roads, the main roads near the north side are set with two entrances at one time, and at the same time, the road intersection is also set with open space to facilitate the introduction of people and improve the regional value.
Preserve and restore the cultural and natural landscape elements of traditional villages, and set up a memorial archway square at the entrance of the village as the entrance of the village and the display of new image style. Set up a temple cultural area as a place for temple fairs, folk worship and spiritual sustenance. In the core of the village, the ancestral hall will be relocated, Feng Shui pond will be set, and ancient trees will be planted to reproduce the ancestral hall public cultural center of the village. The restored gate house on the original site is used to reproduce the scenery of the ancient villages. The architectural design selects architectural symbols such as the pot ear wall, sloping roof, doors and windows, colored decorations of Cantonese folk houses to reproduce the traditional style of Cantonese villages.

CONCLUSION
Cuiwei village is a typical Cantonese traditional village, which connects different historical buildings and creates a public activity space combining modern and traditional. Through the analysis and comparison table of 36 historical buildings in Cuiwei village, we can take the buildings reconstructed and preserved in the original site as the objects of the first phase of key reconstruction, and activate and improve the design in human perception. First, respect history. Respect the history of Cuiwei village, repair the old as it is, and complete the inheritance and development of Cantonese culture; Secondly, restore the texture. Reproduce the village texture, make the ancient village revitalize and activate the block in the new urban development; Finally, activate the block. Inject new vitality into the region and create new active spots in the city. That is, the coexistence of new and old elements, the integration of tradition and modernity, and a vibrant and livable living area.