The Concept of Utang Na Loob Among Filipino Working Millenials

Authors

  • Renz Marion Gavino University of Saint Louis
  • Alyssa Mae Donato University of Saint Louis
  • Gabrielle Vera Panotan University of Saint Louis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjss.v2i3.4572

Keywords:

Utang Na Loob, Working Millennials, Reciprocity, Workplace, Modernization

Abstract

This research study explored the perceptions and experiences of Filipino working millennials regarding the concept of utang na loob. Utang na loob. It is a distinct Filipino value that refers to the debt of goodwill and reciprocity acquired when one person assists another. The study used a purposive sampling technique to identify Filipino working millennials, ages 26-41 years old from Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, as informants. Data on the participants' perceptions and experiences of utang na loob were collected through semi-structured interviews. Through qualitative analysis, significant findings emerged within two central themes and various sub-themes. Through the analysis of recurring themes, it was found that utang na loob among millennials reflects their evolving values and adaptation to contemporary contexts. It goes beyond gratitude, emphasizing positive change and meaningful experiences. Millennials extend utang na loob to various relationships, including mentors, colleagues, and strangers. Recommendations include cultural education for millennials, supportive work environments, integrating utang na loob in educational institutions, fostering open communication within families, and conducting further research on the cultural, psychological, and technological aspects of utang na loob. These findings enhance the understanding of utang na loob and offer insights for interventions that promote well-being and social harmony

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agaton, S. (2017). Vantage Points of Utang na Loob. Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy. https://www.evsu.edu.ph/university-research-and-created-works/vantage-points-of-utang-na-loob/

Alampay, L., & Jocson, M. R. (2011). Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in the Philippines. Parenting: Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2011.585564

Alcasid, E., Peralta, L., Pinlac, M.A., Ramirez, E., & Shimada, M. (2017). Understanding the Filipino Millennial Generation. University of the Philippines Diliman. https://www.academia.edu/33733065/Understanding_the_Filipino_Millennial_Generation_pdf

Andert, D. (2011). Alternating leadership as a proactive organizational intervention: addressing the needs of the baby boomers, generation xers and millennials. Journal of Leadership, Accountability & Ethics, 8(4), 67-83.

Armstrong-Carter, E., Ivory, S., Lin, L. C., Muscatell, K. A., & Telzer, E. (2019, January 10). Role Fulfillment Mediates the Association Between Daily Family Assistance and Cortisol Awakening Response in Adolescents. PubMed Central (PMC). https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13213

Baldo, J., & Quirante R. (2011). Utang na Loob: The Ilonggo perspective. Undergraduate thesis. University of the Philippines Visayas. https://www.academia.edu/31875043/Utang_na_Loob_The_Ilonggo_Perspective

Bartolome, M., Mamat, N., & Masnan, A. H. (2017). PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES: A REVIEW OF LITERATURES. International Journal of Early Childhood Education Care. Retrieved from DOI:10.37134/saecj.vol6.5.201

Bernardo, A. B., Salanga, M. G. & Aguas, K. M. (2008, January). FILIPINO ADOLESCENT STUDENTS’ CONCEPTIONS OF LEARNING GOALS. ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259189101_FILIPINO_ADOLESCENT_STUDENTS’_CONCEPTIONS_OF_LEARNING_GOALS

Brosnan, S. & de Waal, F. (2002, March 13). A proximate perspective on reciprocal altruism. Hum Nat. 2002 Mar;13(1):129-52. doi: 10.1007/s12110-002-1017-2.

Bulloch, H. (2021). Personifying Progress: Negotiating Autonomy, Obligation and Intergenerational Aspirations in the Philippines. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology. doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2021.1967437

Clemente, J. A., Belleza, D., Yu, A., Catibog, D., Solis, G., & Laguerta, J. (2008, January). Revisiting the Kapwa Theory: Applying Alternative Methodologies and Gaining New Insights. 1PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY (2008), Vol 41 No 2, Pp. 1–32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326589382_Revisiting_the_Kapwa_Theory_Applying_Alternative_Methodologies_and_Gaining_New_Insights

Cornelio, J. (2016). The Filipino Millennial? Rappler. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/143714-defining-filipino-millennials/

Cullimore, R. (2019). The Burnout Generation: Why Millennials and Gen Z Are Getting Tired of Work. Manila Recruitment. Retrieved from https://manilarecruitment.com/manila-recruitment-articles-advice/burnout-generation-why-millennials-gen-z-get-tired-work-infographic/

Dancel, F. (2005). Utang na loob : A philosophical analysis. In R. M. Gripaldo, Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures (p. 111). The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Retrieved rom from https://www.scribd.com/doc/99965788/Utang-Na-Loob

de Castro, L. D., (1999). Kagandahang loob: Love in Philippine bioethics. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 9 (1999), 39-40. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 9 (1999), 39-40. https://www.eubios.info/EJ92/ej92e.htm

De la Cruz, G. (2016). What you need to know about millennials in the PH workforce. Rappler. Retrieved from What you need to know about millennials in the PH workforce (rappler.com)

Fingerman, K. (2017). Millennials and Their Parents: Implications of the New Young Adulthood for Midlife Adults. Innovation in Aging, Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx026

Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70(4), 1030–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00075

Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12034

Grant, A. (2007) Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, 393–417. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2007_Grant_AMR.pdf

Hollnsteiner, M. R. (1961). Reciprocity in the Lowland Philippines. Philippine Studies, 9(3), 387–413. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42720500

How COVID-19 impacted vulnerable communities in the Philippines. (2021, November 10). World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/how-covid-19-impacted-vulnerable-communities-philippines

Huver, R., Otten,R., de Vries, H, & Engel, R. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 33(3):395-402 DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.012

Jahaluddin, N. H. B., Jamil, B. N. B. A., & Hadzikadunic, A. (2020, February). MILLENNIALS AND ORGANIZATIONALCITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR. Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNIRAZAK). https://DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.23644.13445

Javier, R. (2018). Anak, Mag-anak at Magkakamag-anak: Mula sa Pagmamalay Hanggang sa Pagwawalay1 [The Filipino Concept of Child, Family and Kinship Relationship: From Self-awareness to Separation]. Humanities Diliman: A Philippine Journal of Humanities, 15.Retrieved from https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/humanitiesdiliman/article/view/6442

Jusay, M. A. (2021). Upholding an Accommodative Filipino Value: A Measure of Utang na Loob Orientation. ResearchGate.Retrieved from (PDF) Upholding an Accommodative Filipino Value: A Measure of Utang na Loob Orientation (researchgate.net)

Kaut, C.R. (1961). Utang-na-loob: A system of contractual obligation. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 17, 256–272.Retrieved from Utang Na Loob: A System of Contractual Obligation among Tagalogs on JSTOR

Ketter. E. (2020). Millennial travel: tourism micro-trends of European Generation Y. Journal ofTourismFutures.Retrievedfromhttps://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JTF-10-2019-

Kim, K., Cheng, YP., Zarit, S.H., Fingerman, K.L. (2015). Relationships Between Adults and Parents in Asia. Successful Aging. Springer, Dordrecht. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9331-5_7

Lancaster, & Stillman. (2010). THE M-FACTOR: HOW THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IS ROCKING THE WORKPLACE. Harper Business; Illustrated Edition (April 6, 2010). https://2164.net/resources/the-m-factor-how-the-millennial-generation-is-rocking-the-workplace/

Lobos, J., Juliata, B., & Penalba, E. (2019). Consequences of Parental Absence due to Migration: A Qualitative Inquiry into Adolescent Students’ Well-being . Faculty Journal. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340789155_Consequences_of_Parental_Absence_due_to_Migration_A_Qualitative_Inquiry_into_Adolescent_Students'_Well-being

Matienzo, R. A. (2017, December). Ang Pagkilos ng Pananampalataya at Utang na Loob: Si Hornedo sa Etnograpiya ng Popular na Paniniwala (2017). ResearchGate. DOI:10.25138/11.2.a3

Medina, B. THE FILIPINO FAMILY: A Text with Selected Readings. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 25(3), pp. 417–418. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.25.3.417

Menges, J. I., Tussing, D. V., Wihler, A., & Grant, A. M. (2017). When Job Performance is All Relative: How Family Motivation Energizes Effort and Compensates for Intrinsic Motivation. Academy of Management Journal, 60 (2), 695-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0898

Millennial101.(2023).BridgeWorks.Retrievedfromhttps://www.generations.com/insights/millennial101#:~:text=Like%20Boomers%2C%20Millennials%20are%20a,two%20groups%20is%20life%20stage

Millennials’ Travel Trends & Statistics in 2023. (2023). Roller. Retrieved from https://www.roller.software/blog/millennials-travel-trends-and-statistics

Moore, S. M., Diener, E., & Tan, K. (2018). Using multiple methods to more fully understand causal relations: Positive affect enhances social relationships. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers. DOI:nobascholar.com https://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/1/download.pdf

Pe-Pua, R., & Marcelino, E. (2000). Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology): A legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00054

Rafael, V. L. (1993). Preface to the Paperback Edition. In Contracting Colonialism: Translation and Christian Conversion in Tagalog Society Under Early Spanish Rule (pp. ix–xvi). Duke niversity Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11sn36j.3

Rappaport, A., Bogosian, C., Levering, C., Sellars, A., & Kossek, S., (2018). Family Obligations Across Generations. Society of Actuaries. https://www.soa.org/resources/research-reports/2018/financial-perspectives-aging-retirement/

Reeves, T. C. & Oh, E. G. (2008, January). Generational differences. Taylor & Francis Group. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283326729_Generational_differences

Retuya, C., Ceniza, D. M., Lara, J., Tare, S. G., & Quinain, K. (2017 ). The Priming Effect of Family. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 2017, 50 (2), 159-173. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323143041_The_Priming_Effect_of_Family_Obligation_on_Filipino_Students'_Academic_Performance

Reyes, J. (2015). LOÓB AND KAPWA THOMAS AQUINAS AND A FILIPINO VIRTUE ETHICS. Research Gate. DOI:10.1080/09552367.2015.1043173

Selmer, J., & De Leon, C. (2001). Pinoy-style HRM: Human Resource Management in the Philippine. Asia Pacific Business Review. 8:1, 127-144, DOI: 10.1080/713999124

Smith, T. & Nichols, T (2015, January). Understanding the Millennial Generation. Journal of Business Diversity Vol. 15(1) 201. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324922926_Understanding_the_Millennial_Generation

Survey Reveals Millennials Want to Travel with Grandparents. (2019). TravelPulse. Retrieved from https://www.travelpulse.com/News/Destinations/Survey-Reveals-Millennials-Want-to-Travel-With-Grandparents

Tablan, F. (2021). MEANINGFUL WORK FOR FILIPINOS. ResearchGate.Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359195179_MEANINGFUL_WORK_FOR_FILIPINOS

Teng, K. (2022) Why Fulfillment (Not Happiness) Is the Secret to a Great Life. The Vector Impact. https://www.thevectorimpact.com/fulfillment-vs-happiness/

Van Rooi, L. (2018). Generation Y and the concept of family. Stellenbosch University. ttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/37400695.pdf

Wang, D. (2021, June 18). Research on the Influence of Employee-Organization Relationship and Psychological Contract on Employee Loyalty. UMT Poly Journal Vol. 18 No. 1 (2021). https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/umt-poly/article/view/249024

White, G. B. (2015, June 12). Millennials in Search of a Different Kindof Career. The Atlantic. https:// www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/06/millennials - job - search - career - boomers/395663/

Winograd, M., & Hais, M. D. (2011). Millennial momentum: how a new generation is remaking America. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press.

Yacat, J. (2005). Making Sense of Being and Becoming Filipinos: An Indigenous Psychology Perspective. Philippine Journal of Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.pssc.org.ph/wpcontent/psscarchives/Philippine%20Journal%20of%20Psychology/2005/04_Making%20Sense%20of%20Being%20and%20Becoming%20Filipinos_%20An%20Indigenous%20Psychology%20Perspective.pdf

Downloads

Published

2023-09-29

How to Cite

Renz Marion Gavino, Alyssa Mae Donato, & Gabrielle Vera Panotan. (2023). The Concept of Utang Na Loob Among Filipino Working Millenials. Formosa Journal of Social Sciences (FJSS), 2(3), 369–396. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjss.v2i3.4572