Application of ATC/DDD Methodology to Evaluate of Antibiotic Use in a Trauma Centre General Hospital in Batam

Fifin Oktaviani; Hazrina Binti  Hamid

doi:10.55927/fjst.v3i12.12479

Authors

Fifin Oktaviani Faculty of Pharmacy Lincoln University Collage
Hazrina Binti Hamid Faculty of Pharmacy Lincoln University Collage

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v3i12.12479

Keywords:

Antibiotics, ATC/DDD, Hospital Inpatient, Trauma Centre

Abstract

Wise use of antibiotics will prevent bacterial growth and reduce prolonged hospitalization. Actions to reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance can be carried out by evaluating antibiotics in terms of quantity and quality, quantitative evaluation using the (DDD) Defined Daily Dose method. The purpose of this study was to determine the general profile of antibiotic use quantitatively in hospitalized patients at a Riau Islands General Hospital in the trauma center ward. This study is observational non-experimental, data was taken retrospectively, from July to September 2023. Data analysis of this study used the quantitative method (ATC) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification / (DDD) Defined Daily Dose with a sample size of 138 patient medical records that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, there are 17 types of antibiotics with a total value of 46,876 DDD / 100 patient days. The three largest antibiotics were ceftriaxone 21,126 DDD/100 patient days, metronidazole 6,790 DDD/100 patient days, and levofloxacin 3,426 DDD/100 patient days. The most common route of administration was intravenous.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kemenkes, R. (2017). National Action Plan on AMR.

Lakoh, S., Ellen, C., Williams, E., Sevalie, S., Russell, J. B. W., Conteh, S. K., Kanu, J. S., Barrie, U., Deen, G. F., Maruta, A., Sesay, D., Adekanmbi, O., Jiba, D. F., Okeibunor, J. C., & Yendewa, G. A. (2023). Antibiotic use and consumption among medical patients of two hospitals in Sierra Leone : a descriptive report. BMC Infectious Diseases, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08517-0

Leekha, S., Terrell, C. L., & Edson, R. S. (2011). General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy. 86(February), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0639

Limato, R., Lazarus, G., Dernison, P., Mudia, M., Alamanda, M., Nelwan, E. J., & Sinto, R. (2022). Articles Optimizing antibiotic use in Indonesia : A systematic review and evidence synthesis to inform opportunities for intervention. 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.05.002

WHO, W. H. O. (2018). Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2018.

Patel P, Wermuth HR, Calhoun C, et al. Antibiotics. [Updated 2023 May 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535443/

Ritter, K., Somnuke, P., Hu, L. et al. Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models. BMC Neurosci 25, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00851-6

Fifin Oktaviani, Djoko Wahyono, E. Y. (2015). Evaluation Ofusingthe Antibiotic Prophylaxis Toward Surgical Incidence. Journal of Pharmacy Management and Services, 255-258.

Hadi, U., Duerink, D. O., Lestari, E. S., Nagelkerke, N. J., Keuter, M., Huis In't Veld, D., Suwandojo, E., Rahardjo, E., Van Den Broek, P., & Gyssens, I. C. (2008). Audit of antibiotic prescribing in two Generalal teaching hospitals in Indonesia. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 14(7), 698-707. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 0691.2008.02014.x

Nandi, A., Pecetta, S., & Bloom, D. E. (2023). Global antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 71 countries, 2020-2022. EClinicalMedicine, 57, 101848. https://doi. org/ 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101848

Okeke, I. N., Lamikanra, A., & Edelman, R. (1999). Socioeconomic and behavioural factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(1), 18-27. https://doi. org/10.3201/eid0501.990103

WHO. (2003). Introduction To Drug Utilization Research World Health Organization WHO International Working Group For Drug Statistics Methodology. World Health Organization, 8–74.

WHO. (2022). Global Antimicrobial Resistance And Use Surveillance System (Glass) Report 2022. In World Health Organization (Issue 8.5.2017).

WHO. (2024). Guidelines For ATC Classification And DDD Assignment 2024.