Indonesian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Analytics

Mitigating Agricultural Methane Emissions through Policy Reform: Long-Run Evidence from Indonesia’s Climate-Aligned Transition

2025-06-16T09:09:07+00:00

Agricultural methane (CH₄) emissions remain a critical yet under-addressed component of global climate mitigation, particularly in tropical economies. This study investigates the long- and short-run drivers of CH₄ emissions from Indonesia’s agricultural sector between 1970 and 2022, focusing on three major sources: rice cultivation, enteric fermentation, and manure management. Using a dynamic econometric framework—including Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Newey–West estimators—we quantify source-specific impacts and evaluate structural changes following post-2008 climate policy reforms. Results confirm rice cultivation as the dominant long-run contributor, where a 1% increase in CH₄ from paddy fields corresponds to a 0.72% rise in total agricultural methane emissions. Enteric fermentation and manure management also show significant effects, though to a lesser extent. A post-2008 policy dummy indicates a structural shift in emission dynamics, reflecting Indonesia’s transition toward climate-aligned agriculture through REDD+ and the National Action Plan for GHG Reduction (RAN-GRK). Short-run dynamics reveal corrective adjustments after emission shocks, highlighting system responsiveness to policy and environmental changes. The study underscores both the potential and the limitations of national mitigation efforts in reshaping long-term emission trends. Findings suggest that methane mitigation strategies—such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice farming and improved feed quality for livestock—can reduce emissions without compromising productivity. This study offers novel empirical insights for policymakers and climate practitioners seeking to integrate food security, sustainability, and low-emission agricultural development in emerging economies.

Practices and Challenges of Small-Scale Corn Farmers of Cebu

2025-10-03T07:41:02+00:00

Corn farming practices are affected by various challenges and opportunities in the environment, training, and the agricultural program of the locality. This study explored the farming practices of the small-scale corn farmers in Cebu by identifying their farming practices, challenges and opportunities, and possible improvements. Through phenomenological method, the key informants’ lived experiences show unconventional farming practices such as multiple sowing, unsystematic fertilizer application, indigenous pest control, and untimely harvesting. Farmers face political, logistical, environmental, and sociological challenges. However, it continues to thrive due to the farmers’ commitment and belief on the potential of the industry. Hence, they require sustained oversight from professional assistance to monitoring and support them and encourage younger generations to continue the corn farming tradition.

Water Accounting in Improving Irrigation Efficiency and Farmers’ Income Amid Limited Water Access in North Gorontalo City

2026-01-09T08:42:02+00:00

This study aims to analyze the application of water accounting in supporting agricultural sustainability in North Gorontalo City, focusing on the issue of limited access to irrigation water faced by farmers. The scope of the research includes difficulties in obtaining water from irrigation channels due to sub optimal infrastructure, forcing farmers to rely on groundwater pumped at high cost. This condition directly increases production expenses and reduces farmers’ income. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with farmers, irrigation managers, and relevant government officials. The collected data were analyzed thematically to identify the root causes and potential solutions for more efficient water management. The findings indicate that farmers urgently need a stable supply of water from irrigation channels to maintain crop productivity, particularly rice. The operational costs of groundwater pumping were proven to reduce farmers’ profit margins. Furthermore, there has been insufficient attention and no concrete steps from the local government to repair irrigation channels or provide alternative solutions. This study highlights the need for implementing a water accounting system as a basis for planning efficient water management, as well as encouraging active collaboration between the government and farmers to achieve sustainable agriculture.

Analysis of Iot-Based Soil Moisture Data Visualization and Network Stability Effects on Precision Irrigation Monitoring

2026-01-13T04:05:41+00:00

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has enhanced precision irrigation monitoring by enabling real-time soil moisture measurement. However, the reliability of historical data visualization is strongly influenced by network stability between sensors and data servers. This study analyzes soil moisture trend visualization based on an IoT system and evaluates the effect of network stability on data consistency. Soil moisture data were obtained using a capacitive sensor integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller and transmitted via a Wi-Fi network. Data trends were visualized using time-series graphs, while network performance parameters, including latency, packet loss, and transmission delay, were analyzed. The results indicate that network instability causes data loss and irregular visualization patterns, which may affect irrigation monitoring accuracy. Therefore, improving network reliability is essential for sustainable precision agriculture systems.

Economic Impact Analysis of Climate Change on Sugarcane Production: An ARDL Model Approach

2026-01-13T04:04:02+00:00

Global climate volatility has created structural uncertainties threatening the supply stability of strategic commodities. This study aims to estimate the dynamic supply response of sugarcane in East Java to agro-climatic shocks and conventional production inputs over the 1995–2023 period. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, this study models the market adjustment mechanism toward long-run equilibrium. Estimation results reveal that the sugarcane sector faces serious supply rigidity due to hydrological factors. Rainfall anomalies are identified as persistent negative supply shocks, triggering technical inefficiency due to waterlogging risks. On the other hand, the land area variable shows positive but inelastic elasticity, confirming the law of diminishing marginal returns on an aggregate scale. The finding that temperature and population variables are insignificant revises old theoretical assumptions, confirming that the sugarcane production function in tropical regions is more sensitive to hydrological constraints than thermal ones. The economic implication is that self-sufficiency strategies can no longer rely on high opportunity cost land extensification, but require investment reallocation towards climate risk mitigation technologies to improve supply curve efficiency.

The Role of Seaweed in Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of Blue Carbon Potential

2026-01-13T03:58:48+00:00

Seaweed farming has emerged as a viable solution for mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon through blue carbon processes. This review examines the carbon sequestration potential of seaweed by focusing on the environmental factors influencing growth, the effectiveness of various farming methods, and the role of seaweed within broader climate mitigation strategies. The review consolidates findings from multiple studies, highlighting species such as Kappaphycus alvarezii, Ulva lactuca, and Gracilaria spp., which exhibit varying growth rates and carbon capture capacities. Key environmental conditions, including temperature, salinity, nutrient availability, and CO₂ levels, are shown to significantly influence the carbon sequestration potential of seaweed farming. The integration of seaweed farming into sustainable aquaculture systems, such as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), is identified as an effective strategy for enhancing nutrient cycling and improving carbon storage. While seaweed farming offers substantial potential, challenges such as regulatory barriers, environmental risks, and infrastructure limitations must be addressed to enable large-scale adoption. The review calls for further research to refine methodologies, optimize farming practices, and examine the socio-economic dimensions of seaweed farming, thereby ensuring its viability as a long-term climate change mitigation solution.

Community Resilience Pathways in Smallholder Farming Systems toward Sustnable Agricultural Transformation

2026-01-13T03:59:42+00:00

The transformation of sustainable agriculture in small-scale farming systems is becoming increasingly important as farmers' vulnerability to climate change, market pressures, and limited access to resources increases. This study aims to identify community resilience pathways in smallholder communities and explain how adaptive capacity, livelihood strategies, and institutional support contribute to the direction of sustainable agriculture transformation. The case study was conducted in Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency, with a qualitative approach and data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with 12 informants, accompanied by field observations and documentation of local agricultural programs. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to trace patterns of community resilience and social-ecological dynamics formed at the local level. The results show that the path of community resilience develops through diversification of farming businesses, strengthening social capital in farmer groups, and increasing access to information, innovation, and institutional facilitation, which strengthens farmers' ability to manage agricultural risks. In addition, the role of extension workers and village institutions serves as a strategic link in accelerating the adoption of sustainable cultivation practices. This study concludes that community resilience is a fundamental foundation for accelerating the transformation of sustainable agriculture in smallholder systems and makes a conceptual and practical contribution to the formulation of agricultural development strategies based on community resilience.

Local Wisdom of Medicinal Plants in Petak Puti Village, Central Kalimantan

2026-01-13T03:31:37+00:00

This research aims to Identify each type of plant that has the potential to be used as medicine in Petak Puti Village; Describe the use and processing methods of plants that have the potential to be used as medicine. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research design. Observation, to obtain information about the initial stages of the research, was conducted to seek information about traditional medicine that utilizes medicinal plants in Petak Puti Village. The informant selection technique used the purposive sampling method, carried out by selecting informants for certain considerations, in this case, the person who is considered to know the most about the situation in the village. The determination of informants purposively is assumed that the selected informants represent a homogeneous community, consisting of main informants (key informants) to be interviewed such as the village head, traditional leaders and immigrants who are married to village residents. While the basic informants are village members, traditional members and residents outside the village who have knowledge about the village. The local wisdom of plant species is very significant in the views and perceptions of the community in meeting basic human needs. The Dayak Ngaju Katingan community is highly dependent on natural resources to meet various daily needs. Most of the community's income comes from forest plant products. The diversity of plant species can provide food products for the community, produce various types of plants for consumption as a supplement for the Dayak community and generate alternative sources of income, such as used as food, medicines, fermentation, tonics, cosmetics, building materials and other materials, which can provide important nutrients and vitamins as supplements for the community, and can provide a buffer in times of food shortages. In addition, existing plant species have great potential to be developed and cultivated into new plants and provide genetic resources and conduct selection.

Strengthening Environmental Responsibility through Ecological Citizenship at the Local Community Level

2026-01-13T03:28:43+00:00

Environmental degradation at the local community level is still an ongoing problem, which shows that a technical approach alone is not enough without strengthening citizens' environmental responsibility. From a civic perspective, ecological citizenship offers a conceptual framework that places environmental concern as an integral part of everyday civic rights, obligations, and practices. This study aims to analyze the role of ecological citizenship in strengthening environmental responsibility at the local community level. The research uses a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire of 80 adults in a rural community in West Java, while qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with eight key informants consisting of village officials, community leaders, environmental activists, and residents with varying levels of ecological citizenship. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and simple linear regression, while qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis and triangulation. The results of the study show that ecological citizenship has a positive and significant effect on environmental responsibility, especially in encouraging pro-environmental behaviors such as waste management, collective participation, and compliance with local environmental norms. Qualitative findings corroborate that social norms, local leadership, and community-based environmental programs play an important role in actualizing ecological awareness into concrete action. This study concludes that strengthening ecological citizenship at the local community level is a key strategy in building sustainable environmental responsibility and making a practical contribution to the development of citizenship-based environmental governance.

Community Forest Stewardship and Its Role in Strengthening Local Environmental Resilience

2026-01-13T03:26:15+00:00

Community-based forest management is an important approach in dealing with increasing local environmental vulnerabilities due to climate change, ecosystem degradation, and socio-economic pressures. This study aims to analyze the role of community forest stewardship in strengthening local environmental resilience by placing the community as the main actor in forest management. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten key informants comprising community-based forest managers, indigenous leaders, forest-dependent residents, and village officials, and supported by field observation and analysis of policy and environmental documents. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that community-based forest management plays a role in maintaining ecosystem balance, reducing the risk of environmental damage, and increasing the adaptive capacity of communities through the application of local norms, collective management, and sustainable forest utilization. This study concludes that community forest stewardship is an effective strategy in strengthening local environmental resilience and provides important implications for the development of inclusive and sustainable social forestry policies.

Business Development Strategy through Product Diversification of Crispy Bitter Melon in the Reginda Crispy Mushroom Home Industry

2026-01-20T05:08:49+00:00

This study aims to analyze business development strategies through the diversification of crispy bitter melon products at Reginda Jamur Crispy Home Industry. This study was motivated by increasing competition in the snack business and changes in consumer preferences towards innovative food products made from local ingredients. The research method used was a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with a case study method. Primary data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews with business owners, and questionnaires distributed to employees. Data analysis was performed using SWOT analysis to identify internal and external factors, followed by Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to determine priority strategies. The results showed that Reginda Jamur Crispy Home Industry was in Quadrant I (aggressive strategy) with coordinates (0.69; 0.34). The priority strategy was to utilize the unique taste of pare crispy as a competitive advantage with the highest STAS value of 15.08. This strategy was considered capable of increasing business competitiveness and supporting business sustainability.

Entrepreneurial Spirit of Vegetable Vendors at Kliwon Market: A Competence Paradox Analysis

2026-01-26T01:59:38+00:00

The agricultural sector remains a critical pillar of Indonesia's micro-economy. This study exhaustively analyzes the entrepreneurial spirit among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), specifically vegetable vendors at Kliwon Market, Karanglewas. Furthermore, it identifies structural and psychological obstacles to business development. Employing a descriptive quantitative method, 75 respondents were selected via Cluster and Convenience Sampling. Findings reveal a "competence paradox": vendors exhibit high operational spirit (Responsibility 4.80, Self-Confidence 4.72) but significant strategic weaknesses (Risk-Taking 3.86). Internal obstacles, primarily a lack of innovation (34.7%), outweigh external factors. The study suggests that traditional market sustainability relies heavily on transforming vendor mindsets from survivalist to growth-oriented through financial literacy and collective supply chain efficiency.

Institutional Strengthening of the Maju Mandiri Farmers Group in Bonto Tallasa Village, Ulu Ere District, Bantaeng Regency: Analysis of Farmer Participation and Empowerment

2026-02-11T04:53:10+00:00

This study aims to analyze the institutional strengthening of farmer groups in Bonto Tallasa Village, Ulu Ere District, Bantaeng Regency in responding to technological and marketing developments. The main focus of the study is how farmer groups can increase their capacity by increasing access to technology and efficient marketing channels. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach, through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that institutional strengthening through information and communication channels, marketing channels, and technology implementation can improve the performance of farmer groups. By utilizing more modern information and communication technology and more structured marketing channels, farmer groups are able to increase their income and the efficiency of their farming businesses. This study provides recommendations for strengthening the institutional capacity of farmer groups by integrating technology and more efficient markets to improve the competitiveness and welfare of farmers in rural areas.