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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJAR</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2986-0768</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Formosa Publisher</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55927/ijar.v4i6.14825</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Effect of Product Reviews and Content Marketing on Purchasing Decisions at T'samie Noodle Bar Restaurant</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Usman</surname>
            <given-names>Syafiq</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Swadaya Gunung Jati University</aff>
          <email>syafiqusman12@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andriyansyah</surname>
            <given-names>Mohamad Rheyfan</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Swadaya Gunung Jati University</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santoso</surname>
            <given-names>Moh.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Swadaya Gunung Jati University</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rahmadi</surname>
            <given-names></given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Swadaya Gunung Jati University</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>911</fpage>
      <lpage>926</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study examines how T'samie Noodle Bar Restaurant customers' judgements about what to buy are influenced by product reviews and content marketing. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in a quantitative way to build a causal associative descriptive design. One hundred individuals were chosen at random from among social media users who had made repeat purchases. Data was gathered using a Likert scale questionnaire, and its validity and accuracy were examined. The results showed that while product reviews had a significant impact (β = 0.257), content marketing had a bigger impact (β = 1.006). The two factors accounted 61.5% of the variation in buying decisions. These results suggest that review management and an efficient content strategy are crucial elements of culinary marketing.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Product Reviews</kwd>
        <kwd>Content Marketing</kwd>
        <kwd>Purchase Decision</kwd>
        <kwd>Restaurant</kwd>
        <kwd>Digital Marketing</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <permissions>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
 <sec>
  <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
  <disp-quote>
    <p>The culinary industry has developed significantly in the more
    dynamic period of globalisation and has emerged as one of the most
    alluring sectors, particularly to the millennial generation.
    Consistent product and service improvements and a responsiveness to
    change are traits of the food business that contribute to its appeal
    (Anggraini &amp; Saino, 2021). Businesses in this market must
    constantly adapt and alter because of the fierce competition.
    Indonesia's food and beverage (F&amp;B) sector is performing better
    than ever. The Indonesian Industry Data Centre reports that the food
    and beverage sector's performance in the third quarter of 2022
    improved by 3.57% compared to the previous quarter's performance of
    3.49% (Ministry of Industry, 2022 in Mahadi, 2022).</p>
    <p>In Indonesia, noodles are among the most consumed foods. There
    are many different ways to serve noodles, from classic regional
    dishes to quick preparations that are bursting with modern tastes
    and styles. One key element in drawing customers is the variety and
    delicious options provided by this diversification (Fz Sabillah,
    2022 in Mita Istinawati &amp; R.A. Nurlinda, 2024). Not just as a
    substitute for everyday meals, noodles are becoming a part of a
    burgeoning culinary culture.</p>
    <p>With the ultimate goal of generating profitable consumer action,
    content marketing is a strategic strategy in modern marketing that
    places an emphasis on the production and dissemination of pertinent,
    worthwhile, and consistent material in order to draw in and hold on
    to a precisely focused audience. Through interactive content that
    caters to audience demands, this strategy has been shown through
    empirical research to improve customer engagement and fortify brand
    image (Nurazizah et al., 2025, p:5). Through cognitive processes
    that act as mediators between content and customer responses,
    content marketing also significantly boosts consumer engagement in
    the social media setting (Saleh Shkeer et al., 2024:2430).
    Additionally, brand attachment and brand defence are greatly
    mediated by behavioural engagement in digital content marketing
    tactics, making digital content a powerful instrument for
    influencing customer loyalty (AlFraihat et al., 2025: 3). The newest
    trends in content marketing, like influencer partnerships, video
    marketing, brand storytelling, and content personalisation, have
    been shown to have a beneficial effect on boosting consumer loyalty
    and engagement. Authenticity, usefulness, and enjoyment have been
    identified as key elements in the development of successful content
    marketing strategies that cater to customer preferences in certain
    industrial sectors, such as the beauty industry (Gupta &amp; Dutt,
    2025:10). By using content-based marketing to give customers
    pertinent information that satisfies their needs, businesses may
    build enduring relationships with their customers. In actuality,
    evaluating a content strategy's efficacy necessitates a deep
    comprehension of customer behaviour.</p>
    <p>In addition to content marketing, product reviews have a
    significant impact on consumers' buying resolutions. Digitally
    published reviews are often viewed as an accurate representation of
    the customer experience.</p>
    <p>of the customer experience. While unfavorable reviews can
    complicate the buying process, positive reviews can increase
    purchase intent and increase product trust (Melati &amp; Dwijayanti,
    2020). Therefore, controlling online</p>
    <p>reputation through reviews is an important part of digital
    marketing strategy, especially in the culinary industry where
    customer impressions are very important.</p>
    <p>Pulizzi (2019 in Kristina &amp; Aminah, 2023) states that content
    marketing is an ongoing process that includes developing and
    disseminating useful ideas to attract the appropriate audience and,
    ultimately, generate profits for the business. To build stronger
    relationships with customers, this strategy involves creating visual
    content in an emotional and educational way (Saputra, 2020 in Ananda
    et al., 2025). Positive perceptions about products can influence
    purchasing decisions.</p>
    <p>According to Kotler and Algifari in (Belekubun et al., 2022),
    services are actions provided to others that are intangible and have
    no ownership. One important consideration for consumers when making
    decisions is product quality. Products that do not match
    expectations can make customers less likely to make another
    purchase, while Kotler's opinion states that products that match
    expectations will make customers more loyal (Belekubun et al.,
    2022). Tamie Noodle Bar restaurant provides a wide selection of
    flavors, affordable prices, attractive appearance, and excellent
    quality standards. With this context, the purpose of this study is
    to investigate how consumers' decisions regarding their purchases at
    Tamie Noodle Bar restaurant are influenced by content marketing and
    product quality.</p>
  </disp-quote>
</sec>












<sec>
  <title>LITERATURE REVIEW</title>
  <sec id="product-reviews">
    <title>Product reviews</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Product reviews, often referred to as online customer reviews,
      are direct responses from customers based on their experience with
      a good or service. These responses are usually in the form of
      digital content such as writings, photos and videos that are
      disseminated through online platforms and can influence consumers'
      decision to buy something. According to Almana and Mirza, the main
      factor influencing purchasing decisions is the number of online
      customer reviews and their accuracy.</p>
      <p>Product reviews provide information from the consumer's point
      of view and can provide recommendations based on previous customer
      experiences (Liu et al., 2020) in (Cahyaningtyas &amp; Wijaksana,
      2021). Agustinus and Marbun (2020) state that product reviews are
      a way for customers to assess and obtain relevant information
      before deciding what they buy.</p>
      <p>According to Lackermair, Kailer, and Kanmaz in (Shafa &amp;
      Hariyanto, 2020), there are four important dimensions in product
      reviews, namely: (1) awareness, consumer awareness of the product;
      (2) frequency, the frequency of reviews that appear; (3)
      comparison, product comparison; and (4) influence, how much
      influence reviews have on consumer decisions.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="content-marketing">
    <title>Content marketing</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The primary goal of content marketing, a sort of marketing
      activity used by businesses on social media sites like Facebook,
      YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram, is to enlighten consumers about
      the characteristics of their products.</p>
      <p>According to Putra and Aulia (2023), content marketing is a
      crucial tactic for raising brand awareness and sales
      conversions.</p>
      <p>According to Limandono (Abdjul et al., 2022), content marketing
      is a strategic method that involves the creation, production, and
      distribution of interesting material with the goal of turning
      viewers into paying consumers. Holmian and Rowley (2014 in Artika
      et al., 2024) state that dialogue, visual components, words, and
      phrases can all be considered content. All of these can be used to
      successfully communicate information and grab the target
      audience's attention.</p>
      <p>Content marketing, according to Pulizzi in (Cahyaningtyas &amp;
      Wijaksana, 2021), is a strategic approach to marketing that
      centers on producing and disseminating worthwhile, pertinent, and
      consistent content to a precisely defined target audience in order
      to motivate them to take actions that will benefit the business.
      According to Yusuf et al. (2020 in Cahyaningtyas &amp; Wijaksana,
      2021), the following six factors affect the allure of content
      marketing: readability, viewing time, tone, design, real-world
      events, and delivery mode.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="purchase-decision">
    <title>Purchase Decision</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012 in Cahyaningtyas &amp;
      Wijaksana, 2021), a person solves problems by selecting
      alternative behaviours that he deems most acceptable while making
      purchases. This procedure is the initial step in the
      decision-making process for purchases. Assauri in (Br Marbun et
      al., 2022) discovered that the timing, frequency, and location of
      a consumer's purchases all affect their decision to acquire a
      product. The following are the six primary components in the
      decision-making process when making a purchase, according to
      Tjiptono (in Br Marbun et al., 2022): (1) product selection, (2)
      brand selection,</p>
      <p>(3) channel selection, and (4) buy amount or number.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="framework-of-thought">
    <title>Framework of Thought</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Description:</p>
      <p>The following hypothesis can be made in light of the material's
      description above:</p>
      <p>H1: It is suspected that product reviews affect decision-making
      at Tsamie Noodle Bar Restaurant.</p>
      <p>H2: It is suspected that content marketing affects
      decision-making at the T`samie Noodle Bar Restaurant.</p>
      <p>H3: Product reviews and content marketing are thought to
      influence customers' decisions to buy from Tamie Noodle Bar
      Restaurants.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="hypothesis-formulation">
    <title>Hypothesis Formulation</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>H1 : Product reviews on restaurant purchasing decisions</p>
      <p>According to (Hansel Agustinus &amp; Saortua Marbun, 2020)
      product reviews are reviews contained in online and offline
      shopping media that make it easier for a consumer to choose and
      find information that is useful for consumers to make a decision
      on purchasing.</p>
      <p>H2 : Content Marketing on Decision Resolution</p>
      <p>According to (Putra &amp; Aulia, 2023) explains that content
      marketing is the most important and basic strategy so that brands
      are better known and conversions are high.</p>
      <p>H3 : Product reviews and Content Marketing Purchasing
      Decisions</p>
      <p>Before entering the decision-making stage, customers are
      presented with a number of options; hence, they will act to choose
      to purchase a product based on pre-established options (Nuraeni
      &amp; Irawati, 2021).</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
</sec>












<sec>
  <title>METHODOLOGY</title>
  <disp-quote>
    <p>This study uses causal associative descriptive research design
    and quantitative methodology. Random sampling was used, and multiple
    linear regression was used to analyze the data. One hundred people
    participated in this study, and a Likert scale was used for
    measurement.</p>
    <p>According to Sugiyono (2021), population is a generalization area
    that includes subjects or objects with certain characteristics that
    have been determined by researchers to study and then draw
    conclusions (Sugiyono, 2021). The sample is also part of the
    population that represents the characteristics of the population.
    For this study, a random sampling method or sample selection based
    on certain criteria was used. (1) Customers who use social media and
    (2) Customers who have shopped more than once will be explained
    further in the research description.</p>
    <p>In this study, quantitative methods and a causal associative
    descriptive research design are employed. The data was analyzed
    using multiple linear regression and random sampling. In this study,
    one hundred participants were measured using a Likert scale.</p>
    <p>A population, according to Sugiyono (2021), is a category for
    generalization that comprises individuals or items with particular
    attributes chosen by researchers for investigation and subsequent
    conclusion-making (Sugiyono, 2021). Additionally, the sample is a
    subset of the population that reflects the population's features. A
    random sampling technique or sample selection based on predetermined
    criteria was applied for this investigation. The research
    description will go into additional detail about (1) customers who
    utilize social media and (2) customers who have made many
    purchases.</p>
  </disp-quote>
</sec>













<sec>
  <title>RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</title>
  <sec id="validity-test">
    <title>Validity Test</title>
    <p>Table 1. Validation test value</p>
    <table-wrap>
    <label>Table 1.</label>
    <caption>
      <title>Validation test value</title>
    </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="center"></th>
            <th align="center"></th>
            <th align="center"></th>
            <th align="center">VALID</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y1</td>
            <td align="center">0.611</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y2</td>
            <td align="center">0.694</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y3</td>
            <td align="center">0.544</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y4</td>
            <td align="center">0.662</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y5</td>
            <td align="center">0.661</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y6</td>
            <td align="center">0.704</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y7</td>
            <td align="center">0.537</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y8</td>
            <td align="center">0.589</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y9</td>
            <td align="center">0.675</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">Y10</td>
            <td align="center">0.585</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.1</td>
            <td align="center">0.612</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.2</td>
            <td align="center">0.478</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.3</td>
            <td align="center">0.515</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.4</td>
            <td align="center">0.603</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.5</td>
            <td align="center">0.739</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.6</td>
            <td align="center">0.633</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.7</td>
            <td align="center">0.487</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.8</td>
            <td align="center">0.683</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.9</td>
            <td align="center">0.690</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.10</td>
            <td align="center">0.645</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.11</td>
            <td align="center">0.716</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.12</td>
            <td align="center">0.706</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.13</td>
            <td align="center">0.681</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x1.14</td>
            <td align="center">0.536</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x2.1</td>
            <td align="center">0.819</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x2.2</td>
            <td align="center">0.850</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x2.3</td>
            <td align="center">0.832</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">x2.4</td>
            <td align="center">0.820</td>
            <td align="center">0.196</td>
            <td align="center">VALID</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Based on the data above, the calculated r values for the
      Purchase Decision, Product Review, and Content marketing questions
      are all higher than the r table value (0.196). The computed r
      table yields a value of 0.196 using the r table value for N- 2 =
      100-2 = 98 at the 5% significance level. As a result, every
      question raised above is legitimate.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="reliability-test">
    <title>Reliability Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>A technique for evaluating a questionnaire's dependability is
      reliability, which is a variable of a construct or variable. The
      questionnaire is regarded as reliable if the answers remain
      consistent or stable throughout time. A variable is deemed
      dependable if its Cronbach Alpha value is more than 0.60 (Ghozali,
      2018).</p>
      <p>Table 2. Reliability test values</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 2.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Reliability test values</title>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">No.</th>
            <th align="left">Variable</th>
            <th align="center">Cronbach's Alpha</th>
            <th align="center">Description</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">1.</td>
            <td align="left">Product</td>
            <td align="center">0.878</td>
            <td align="center">Reliable</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">2.</td>
            <td align="left">Content marketing</td>
            <td align="center">0.847</td>
            <td align="center">Reliable</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">3.</td>
            <td align="left">Purchase Decision</td>
            <td align="center">0.820</td>
            <td align="center">Reliable</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The reliability test resulted in values for all variables of
      more than 0.60, which based on the criteria, can be considered
      reliable, as can be looked at in the table above.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="classical-assumption-test">
    <title>Classical Assumption Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Normality Test</italic></p>
      <p>The normality test is used to determine whether or not the data
      obtained from each variable under analysis exhibits a normal
      distribution pattern. To determine whether the variables are
      normal, we apply the Kolmogorov-Smirnov formula. Depending on the
      classification method, a distribution is deemed normal if p &gt;
      0.05 and pathological if p &lt; 0.05.</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="jpeg" xlink:href="vertopal_a2f6ce7edee0457ab49b5329221b23da/media/image3.jpeg" />
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Figure 1. Histogram graph</p>
      <p>Because the shape of the following histogram graph is normal
      and does not deviate to the right or left, it also shows that the
      data is regularly distributed. The test results with the histogram
      graph are also supported by the normal plot graph.</p>
      <graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="jpeg" xlink:href="vertopal_a2f6ce7edee0457ab49b5329221b23da/media/image4.jpeg" />
      <p>Figure 2. P-Plot Image</p>
      <p>Because the P-Plot image demonstrates that the dots follow and
      approach the diagonal line, the regression model satisfies the
      assumption of normalcy.</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <p>Table 3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test</p>
    <table-wrap>
    <label>Table 3.</label>
    <caption>
      <title>Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test</title>
      <p>One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test</p>
    </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Unstandardized</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">Residual</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">N</td>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center">100</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">Normal Parameters <sup>a,b</sup></td>
            <td align="left">Means</td>
            <td align="center">.0000000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Std. Deviation</td>
            <td align="center">3.07176498</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">Most Extreme Difference</td>
            <td align="left">Abzabsolute</td>
            <td align="center">.055</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Positive</td>
            <td align="center">.055</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Negative</td>
            <td align="center">-.033</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Test Statistic</td>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center">.055</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Asymp. Sig (2-tailed)</td>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center">.200 ((c)<sup>d</sup>)</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>The test distribution is Normal.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="tfn2">
          <label>b.</label>
          <p>Calculated from the data.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="tfn3">
          <label>c.</label>
          <p>Lilliefors Significance Correction.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="tfn4">
          <label>d.</label>
          <p>This is the lower limit of true significance.</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>A significance value of 0.200, higher than alpha (0.05), was
      achieved based on the findings of the One Sample
      Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, a traditional assumption test used
      to determine if residuals are normally distributed.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="linearity-test">
    <title>Linearity Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Finding out if the independent and dependent variables have a
      linear relationship is the aim of the linearity test. The
      linearity test requirements state that if the linearity
      significance value is less than 0.05 and the departure from the
      linearity significance value is greater than 0.05, then there is a
      linear relationship between the independent and dependent
      variables.</p>
      <p>Table 4. Purchase Decision-Product</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 4.</label>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <p>ANOVA Table</p>
      </table-wrap-foot>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left"></th>
            <th align="center">Sum of Squares</th>
            <th align="center">df</th>
            <th align="center">Mean Square</th>
            <th align="center">F</th>
            <th align="center">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">(Combined)</td>
            <td align="center">1663.793</td>
            <td align="center">33</td>
            <td align="center">50.418</td>
            <td align="center">4.365</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Purchase Decision * Product</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Between Groups</td>
            <td align="center">1127.619</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
            <td align="center">1127.619</td>
            <td align="center">97.627</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Linearity</td>
            <td align="center">from 536.175</td>
            <td align="center">32</td>
            <td align="center">16.755</td>
            <td align="center">1.451</td>
            <td align="center">.101</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Deviation Linearity</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Within Group</td>
            <td align="center">762.317</td>
            <td align="center">66</td>
            <td align="center">11.550</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Total</td>
            <td align="center">2426.110</td>
            <td align="center">99</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The aforementioned data indicate that there is a linear
      association between Products with Purchasing Decisions, with a
      Linearity significance value of 0.000</p>
      <p>&lt;0.05 and a Deviation from Linearity value of 0.101 &gt;
      0.05.</p>
      <p>Table 5. Purchase resolution-Content marketing</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 5.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Purchase resolution-Content marketing</title>
        <p>ANOVA Table</p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Sum of Squares</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">df</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Mean Square</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">F</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="5">Purchase Decision * Content Marketing</td>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">Between Groups</td>
            <td align="left">(Combined)</td>
            <td align="center">1274.079</td>
            <td align="center">11</td>
            <td align="center">115.825</td>
            <td align="center">8.848</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Linearity</td>
            <td align="center">1132.238</td>
            <td align="center">1</td>
            <td align="center">1132.238</td>
            <td align="center">86.488</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Deviation Linearity</td>
            <td align="center">from 141.842</td>
            <td align="center">10</td>
            <td align="center">14.184</td>
            <td align="center">1.083</td>
            <td align="center">.384</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Within Group</td>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center">1152.031</td>
            <td align="center">88</td>
            <td align="center">13.091</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Total</td>
            <td align="left"></td>
            <td align="center">2426.110</td>
            <td align="center">99</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The aforementioned results indicate a linear link between
      content marketing and purchase decisions, with a deviation from
      linearity value of 0.384</p>
      <p>&gt; 0.05 and a linearity significance value of 0.000 &lt;
      0.05.</p>
      <p>Table 6. Multicollinearity Test Multicollinearity Test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 6.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Multicollinearity Test Multicollinearity Test</title>
        <p>Coefficient <sup>a</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="3">Model</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Unstandardized Coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Standardized Coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Collinearity Statistics</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">B</th>
            <th align="center">Std. Error</th>
            <th align="center">Beta</th>
            <th align="center">t</th>
            <th align="center">Sig.</th>
            <th align="center">Tolerance</th>
            <th align="center">VIF</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">1</td>
            <td align="left">(Constant)</td>
            <td align="center">5.891</td>
            <td align="center">2.418</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center">2.436</td>
            <td align="center">.017</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Product</td>
            <td align="center">.257</td>
            <td align="center">.042</td>
            <td align="center">.449</td>
            <td align="center">6.112</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
            <td align="center">.735</td>
            <td align="center">1.360</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Content Marketing</td>
            <td align="center">1.006</td>
            <td align="center">.164</td>
            <td align="center">.452</td>
            <td align="center">6.151</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
            <td align="center">.735</td>
            <td align="center">1.360</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The regression model does not exhibit multicollinearity,
      according to the multicollinearity test results table, since the
      VIF value is less than 10 and the tolerance value for each
      variable is more than 0.10.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="heteroscedasticity-test">
    <title>Heteroscedasticity Test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>To ascertain whether heteroscedasticity is present or not,
      statistical tests are employed. Decisions about the
      heteroscedasticity test are based on the Glejser test, which was
      selected as a statistical test (Ghozali, 2018).</p>
      <p>Table 7. Heteroscedasticity test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 7.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Heteroscedasticity test</title>
        <p>Coefficient <sup>a</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2">Model</th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Unstandardized Coefficients</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Standardized Coefficient</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">t</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">B</th>
            <th align="center">Standard Error</th>
            <th align="center">Beta</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">1</td>
            <td align="left">(Constant)</td>
            <td align="center">3.167</td>
            <td align="center">1.511</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center">2.096</td>
            <td align="center">.039</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Product</td>
            <td align="center">-.023</td>
            <td align="center">.026</td>
            <td align="center">-.101</td>
            <td align="center">-.859</td>
            <td align="center">.392</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Content Marketing</td>
            <td align="center">.023</td>
            <td align="center">.102</td>
            <td align="center">.027</td>
            <td align="center">.230</td>
            <td align="center">.819</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Abs RES</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The significance value of each variable is more than 0.05,
      indicating that there is no heteroscedasticity issue in the data,
      according to the Glejser method's heteroscedasticity test.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="heteroscedasticity-test-with-scatterplot">
    <title>Heteroscedasticity Test with Scatterplot</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Finding out if the variance of the residuals in a regression
      model changes from one observation to the next is done using the
      heteroscedasticity test. To determine whether heteroscedasticity
      is present or not, a graph comparing the dependent variable's
      residuals (SRESID) and its projected value (ZPRED) can be
      utilized. If there is no discernible pattern and the points are
      dispersed above and below the 0 on the Y axis, heteroscedasticity
      is not present.</p>
      <graphic mimetype="image" mime-subtype="jpeg" xlink:href="vertopal_a2f6ce7edee0457ab49b5329221b23da/media/image5.jpeg" />
    </disp-quote>
    <p>Figure 3. Heteroscedasticity Scatter Diagram</p>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>As seen in the accompanying graph, which lacks a discernible
      pattern, the dots are dispersed above and below point 0 on the
      Y-axis. This suggests that there is no heteroscedasticity in the
      data gathered for this study.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="multiple-regression-analysis">
    <title>Multiple Regression Analysis</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Table 8. Multiple regression analysis test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 8.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Multiple regression analysis test</title>
        <p>Coefficient <sup>a</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2">Model</th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Unstandardized Coefficient</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Standardized Coefficient</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">t</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">B</th>
            <th align="center">Std. Error</th>
            <th align="center">Beta</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">1</td>
            <td align="left">(Constant)</td>
            <td align="center">5.891</td>
            <td align="center">2.418</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center">2.436</td>
            <td align="center">.017</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Product</td>
            <td align="center">.257</td>
            <td align="center">.042</td>
            <td align="center">.449</td>
            <td align="center">6.112</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Content Marketing</td>
            <td align="center">1.006</td>
            <td align="center">.164</td>
            <td align="center">.452</td>
            <td align="center">6.151</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>The multiple linear regression equation can be structured as
      follows based on the findings mentioned earlier:</p>
      <p>Y= 5.891 + 0.257X(1) + 1.006X(2) <sub>+</sub> <sub>e</sub></p>
    </disp-quote>
    <list list-type="alpha-lower">
      <list-item>
        <label>a)</label>
        <p>The constant value is 5.891, indicating that the decision to
        purchase is 5.891 if the Product and Content marketing variables
        are considered constant (0).</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>b)</label>
        <p>The product variable (x1) has a regression coefficient of
        0.257. This shows that the choice to buy will increase by 0.257
        for every 1% increase in the product.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <label>c)</label>
        <p>The content marketing variable (x2) has a regression
        coefficient of 1.006. This shows that purchasing decisions will
        increase by 1.006 for every 1% increase in content
        marketing.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
  </sec>
  <sec id="hypothesis-testing">
    <title>Hypothesis Testing</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p><italic>Partial T Test</italic></p>
      <p>Table 9. Partial T Test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 9.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Partial T Test</title>
        <p>Coefficient <sup>a</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2">Model</th>
            <th align="left" rowspan="2"></th>
            <th align="center" colspan="2">Unstandardized Coefficient</th>
            <th align="center" colspan="1">Standardized Coefficient</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">t</th>
            <th align="center" rowspan="2">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="center">B</th>
            <th align="center">Standard Error</th>
            <th align="center">Beta</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">1</td>
            <td align="left">(Constant)</td>
            <td align="center">5.891</td>
            <td align="center">2.418</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center">2.436</td>
            <td align="center">.017</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Product</td>
            <td align="center">.257</td>
            <td align="center">.042</td>
            <td align="center">.449</td>
            <td align="center">6.112</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Content Marketing</td>
            <td align="center">1.006</td>
            <td align="center">.164</td>
            <td align="center">.452</td>
            <td align="center">6.151</td>
            <td align="center">.000</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>With a significant level of 0.000 &lt;0.05, the product's
      computed t value =</p>
      <p>6.112 is more than the t table's t value = 1.984 displayed in
      the above table. Consequently, H0 is denied while H1 is accepted,
      demonstrating that products affect purchase decisions.</p>
      <p>With the value of t count = 6.151 greater than t table = 1.984,
      the significant threshold of 0.000 &lt;0.05 suggests that content
      marketing influences purchasing decisions.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="f-test">
    <title>F test</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Ghozali (2018) states that the F test is used to ascertain
      whether the independent variables have a simultaneous or combined
      effect on the dependent variable at the 0.05 level.</p>
      <p>Table 10. F test</p>
    </disp-quote>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 10.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>F test</title>
        <p>ANOVA <sup>a</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Model</th>
            <th align="left"></th>
            <th align="center">Number of Squares</th>
            <th align="center">df</th>
            <th align="center">Mean Square</th>
            <th align="center">F</th>
            <th align="center">Sig.</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="3">1</td>
            <td align="left">Regression</td>
            <td align="center">1491.972</td>
            <td align="center">2</td>
            <td align="center">745.986</td>
            <td align="center">77.462</td>
            <td align="center">.000<sup>b</sup></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Remaining</td>
            <td align="center">934.138</td>
            <td align="center">97</td>
            <td align="center">9.630</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Total</td>
            <td align="center">2426.110</td>
            <td align="center">99</td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
            <td align="center"></td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="tfn2">
          <label>b.</label>
          <p>Predictors: (Constant), Content Marketing, Product</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>According to the aforementioned results, the significance for
      the content and product regression models is 0.000 or less than
      0.05, and the computed F value of 77.462 is higher than the F
      table. Consequently, purchasing decisions are influenced by both
      the product and content regression models at the same time.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="coefficient-of-determination">
    <title>Coefficient of Determination</title>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 10.</label>
      <caption>
        <title>R square test</title>
        <p>Model Summary <sup>b</sup></p>
      </caption>
      <table>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left">Model</th>
            <th align="center">R</th>
            <th align="center">R Square</th>
            <th align="center">Adjusted R Square</th>
            <th align="center">Std. Error of the Estimate</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">1</td>
            <td align="center">.784<sup>a</sup></td>
            <td align="center">.615</td>
            <td align="center">.607</td>
            <td align="center">3.103</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="tfn1">
          <label>a.</label>
          <p>Predictors: (Constant), Content Marketing, Product</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="tfn2">
          <label>b.</label>
          <p>Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Based on earlier results from the coefficient of determination,
      the R Square value is 0.615. According to statistical
      calculations, the independent variables (product and content
      marketing) have a 61.5% chance of explaining changes in the
      dependent variable (choice to buy). Other factors not included in
      the regression model under analysis account for the remaining
      38.5%.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="the-effect-of-product-reviews-on-decision-resolution">
    <title>The Effect of Product Reviews on Decision Resolution</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Purchase decisions are significantly and favorably impacted by
      product reviews. This is demonstrated by a significance level
      below 0.05 (0.000 &lt;0.05) and a computed t value of 6.112 that
      is higher than the t table of 1. 984. Given that H0</p>
      <p>is rejected and H1 is accepted, it can be said that product
      reviews significantly influence consumers' decisions to buy.</p>
      <p>This result is consistent with the study &quot;The Effect of
      Product Reviews and the Use of Content Marketing on Social Media
      on Product Purchasing Decisions at Shopee Online Stores for GMIM
      Youth in Mandolang Satu Region&quot; by Putri and Humaira (2023),
      which demonstrates that product reviews positively influence
      purchasing decisions. This means that the more positive and high-
      quality reviews left by prior customers, the more likely it is
      that new customers will make purchases. According to the study's
      findings, buyers will feel more confident and interested in making
      purchases if they read reputable and educational product reviews
      from other customers.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="the-effect-of-content-marketing-on-decision-resolution">
    <title>The Effect of Content Marketing on Decision
    Resolution</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Resolutions to make purchases are positively and significantly
      impacted by content marketing. This is demonstrated by a
      significance level below 0.05 (0.000 &lt;0.05) and a computed t
      value of 6.151 that is higher than the t table of 1.984.
      Therefore, it can be said that purchase resolutions are
      significantly impacted by content marketing.</p>
      <p>The results of the study &quot;The Effect of Content Marketing
      and Online Customer Reviews on Online Purchasing Decisions at the
      Berau Regency Student and Student Community (KPMKB) in
      Samarinda&quot; by Atika et al. (2024) support this finding. The
      study demonstrates that content marketing influences purchasing
      decisions in a positive way, meaning that the more engaging
      and</p>
      <p>pertinent marketing content offered, the more likely it is that
      customers will make a purchase. According to the study's findings,
      engaging and innovative social media marketing material will boost
      customer interest and engagement, which will in turn motivate
      consumers to make purchases.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
  <sec id="effect-of-product-reviews-and-marketing-content-on-purchasing-decisions">
    <title>Effect of Product Reviews and Marketing Content on Purchasing
    Decisions</title>
    <disp-quote>
      <p>Purchase decisions are positively and significantly impacted by
      both content marketing and product reviews. This is demonstrated
      by a significant level below 0.05 (0.000 &lt;0.05) and a computed
      F value of 77.462, which is higher than the F table of 3.09.
      Therefore, it can be said that concurrent decision making is
      significantly impacted by the regression model of marketing
      content and product reviews.</p>
      <p>The research by Lalensang et al. (2024) on &quot;The Effect of
      Product Reviews and the Use of Marketing Content on Social Media
      on Product Purchasing Decisions at Shopee Online Stores for GMIM
      Youth in Mandolang Satu Region&quot; supports this finding. It
      demonstrates that both product reviews and marketing content have
      a positive impact on purchasing decisions. This means that a
      combination of positive product reviews and engaging marketing
      content will increase the likelihood that customers will make a
      purchase. According to the study's findings, a marketing plan that
      combines original marketing material with reliable product reviews
      will be more effective at persuading customers to buy.</p>
    </disp-quote>
  </sec>
</sec>











<sec>
  <title>CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS</title>
  <disp-quote>
    <p>The findings of a study on the effects of product evaluations and
    content marketing on Tamie Noodle Bar Restaurants point to the
    positive and considerable influence of these two independent factors
    on consumer purchasing decisions. With a regression coefficient of
    0.257 and a computed t value of 6.112, which is greater than the t
    table of 1.984, the partial test findings indicate that product
    reviews have a significant impact. This demonstrates that a 25.7%
    increase in purchasing decisions may be achieved with a 1%
    improvement in the caliber of product reviews.</p>
    <p>However, with a regression coefficient of 1.006 and a t-statistic
    of 6.151, content marketing demonstrated a more significant impact.
    This implies that 100.6% more purchases can be made for every 1%
    increase in the efficacy of content marketing tactics.</p>
    <p>The fact that the computed F value of 77.462 is greater than the
    F table of</p>
    <p>3.09 at the same time indicates that both factors significantly
    impact purchase decisions. The product review and content marketing
    variables account for 61.5% of the variation in customer purchasing
    decisions, with a R Square value of 0.615. The remaining 38.5% is
    influenced by factors not included in the regression model. The
    following is the study's regression model:</p>
    <p>Y = 5.891 + 0.257X₁ + 1.006X₂,</p>
    <p>which shows that content marketing makes a greater contribution
    than product reviews in influencing consumer purchasing
    decisions.</p>
  </disp-quote>
</sec>










<sec>
  <title>ADVANCED RESEARCH</title>
  <disp-quote>
    <p>This study has a number of limitations, both in terms of scope,
    implementation time, location, and the methodological approach used.
    Therefore, future research is recommended to involve a larger number
    of respondents with more diverse characteristics to increase the
    validity and generalizability of the findings. Future research is
    also recommended to examine other variables that have the potential
    to influence decision-making, such as product quality, pricing
    strategy, and restaurant atmosphere, in order to provide a more
    comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence consumer
    behavior in the culinary industry sector.</p>
  </disp-quote>
</sec>









<sec>
  <title>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</title>
  <disp-quote>
    <p>All praise and gratitude to God Almighty for His grace and
    guidance so that the writing of this scientific work can be
    completed properly. The authors also express their appreciation and
    gratitude to all those who have provided assistance, direction, and
    support during the process of preparing this work. Special thanks
    are addressed to the management of Tamie Noodle Bar Restaurant for
    the permission given for the implementation of the research, as well
    as to all respondents who have participated and provided valuable
    data in this study.</p>
  </disp-quote>
</sec>











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