IJAR Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research 2986-0768 Formosa Publisher 10.55927/ijar.v4i7.15013 The Effectiveness of Village Government Service in the Lebu Digital Program Azzahra Septiyani University of Swadaya Gunung Jati Putri Amelia Regita Cahyani University of Swadaya Gunung Jati Permana Ipik University of Swadaya Gunung Jati ipik.permana@ugj.ac.id 20 07 2025 03 06 2025 17 06 2025 18 07 2025 4 7 1091 1102

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of village government services under the Lebu Digital Program in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder District, Indramayu Regency. This program is an innovation in digitalizing village public services through a website-based Village Information System (SID). The results show that this program facilitates public access to administrative services, village information, and budget transparency, while accelerating the service process. However, challenges faced include limited human resources, lack of community digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and limited budget. Improvements are made through training, increasing digital literacy, and optimizing funds and facilities. Overall, this program has had a positive impact on the effectiveness of village government services.

 Effectiveness Public Services Village Administration Lebu Digital http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. INTRODUCTION

In this digital age, technology has become a major aspect of human life, replacing human intervention in activities. The shift from manual activities to information systems, also known as the transformation process, has continued from era to era until the present day. (Danuri et al., 2019). Currently, the provision of public services is a means to meet the basic needs and civil rights of every citizen in terms of goods, services, and administrative services provided by the state. (Basyo & Anirwan, 2023).

The digitization of public services is a strategic step taken by the government to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in governance. This is done by utilizing information and communication technology in various government processes. Technology plays an important role in improving governance processes and facilitating interaction between public and private institutions. Through digital services, the public can now easily access government information and services quickly and efficiently.(Yusuf et al., 2023).

Currently, many governments have launched various new programs utilizing modern technology to improve and develop various government activities. This is in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 95 of 2018 concerning the Electronic-Based Government System. (Indonesia, 2018) The Lebu Digital Program is one of the latest innovations from the Indramayu Regency Government to digitize villages that do not yet have internet infrastructure. In the everyday language of the Indramayu community, “Lebu” refers to the village hall.

Lebu Digital is interpreted as a Digital Village, an outstanding program that continues to evolve and strive to improve access and transparency, making it easier for the community to access services and develop the village. As stipulated in (Law Number 6 of 2014 on Villages, 2014), villages are entitled to access information through a village information system developed by the regency/city government, where the government and local government are obligated to develop a village information system managed by the village government and accessible to village residents and all stakeholders (Mukhsin, 2020).

Through the Lebu Digital Program, 309 villages and 8 neighborhoods in Indramayu District have been required to gradually transition from conventional to digital governance, in accordance with Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2021 on the Medium-Term Regional Development Plan (RPJMD) of Indramayu District for the years 2021-2026. (Indramayu, 2021) Cangkingan Village, located in Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, is one of the first villages to implement digitalization in public services through the Lebu Digital Program. The Lebu Digital Program aims to improve public services and enhance the efficiency of village governance by leveraging digital technology, such as creating village websites, using QR codes on village documents, providing digital services, and improving digital literacy among the community.

However, the reality on the ground shows that there are limitations in human resources, who are not yet skilled in accessing the system, so that services

that were originally digital-based are once again being carried out manually. This condition shows a discrepancy between the objectives of the Lebu Digital Program and its implementation on the ground. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of village government services in the Digital Lebu Program in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency.

Findings from previous research summarized from Saripudin's 2023 study titled “The Implementation of the Lebu Digital Program in Realizing Good Governance in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder District, Indramayu Regency” emphasize the implementation of the Lebu Digital Program in establishing good village governance. The study revealed differences in the results of the variables used and the theories applied, leading to differing outcomes, despite the research being conducted at the same location: the Cangkingan Village Office in Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency.

 LITERATURE REVIEW Effectivity

Effectiveness is a concept that evaluates the extent to which a desired goal or outcome can be achieved. Effectiveness refers to the degree to which desired goals or outcomes are achieved. It encompasses the ability of individuals, groups, organizations, or systems to achieve established goals effectively and on time. Effectiveness is intended to ensure that administrative implementation achieves planned outcomes, meets objectives, and achieves desired results more efficiently. According to Richard (Steers, 2020) in the book Organizational Effectiveness, effectiveness is defined as a combination of organizational factors such as structure and technology, as well as individual factors such as motivation, interest, and employee performance. This assessment of effectiveness is based on how far an organization is able to achieve its goals.

In understanding the concept of effectiveness, it is important not only to focus on achieving results but also to consider the processes used to achieve them. Therefore, effectiveness must be viewed more comprehensively, including in the context of the quality and efficiency of its implementation. According to Gibson et al. (1984) in the book Management of Bureaucracy and Policy (p. 98) (Mutiarin & Zaivudin, 2014), several indicators are mentioned as criteria for effectiveness in an activity based on time frame, including:

Short-Term Effectiveness

Production

Reflects the ability of an organization to produce various goods or services required by the external environment.

Measures of organizational success can be seen in production, profits, and sales, which are directly related to the “output” consumed by customers and other clients

Efficiency

It can be defined as the ratio between “outputs” and “inputs”, which includes various measures such as the level of income or the rate of return on capital and assets, unit costs, and the amount of waste and wastage.

Satisfactory

Related to how employees feel about their jobs and their position in the organization.

Some of the measures that can be used include employee attitudes such as job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and level of work engagement, as well as indicators such as absenteeism, turnover rates, tardiness and absenteeism.

These criteria are interconnected and influence each other.

Medium-Term Effectiveness

Adaptiveness

Describes the organization's position, whether it is competitive and able to compete to attract customers and business clients.

Self-Development

In the development indicator, after we have research and interviews and direct observation, the researcher gets the following results

Ensure organizational effectiveness through investment of resources to meet future demands from the external environment, such as business diversification and training.

The ability to compete and develop yourself must continue to be done in order to respond to changes that occur in the environment.

Long-Term Effectiveness

Sustainability

Related to the ability of an organization to survive. This can be achieved if management manages to fulfill effectiveness in both the short and medium term.

 Village Government Services

Village services refer to the various services provided by the village government to residents and communities in the village area. The main purpose of these services is to improve community welfare, support development at the village level, and meet the basic needs of residents. Village services cover various aspects, including administrative, social, health, education, infrastructure, and other services provided by the village head and village officials to improve village welfare.

A village is a legal community unit that manages community interests and promotes community interests, human rights, and traditional rights recognized in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of village regulations is to improve public services for the village community in order to improve the welfare of the community. Village-level services are a village system for providing effective services to the community, which is one of the achievements that can be achieved by the village government in achieving its objectives.

The village government is a small administrative body with a limited territorial scope, and it is expected to be able to accommodate the expectations of the community. Village government services are the processes carried out by the village head and village officials to improve the well-being of village residents. Therefore, the village government plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of services and village development. (Permana & Jaya, 2018)

 Lebu Digital Program

Lebu Digital (Le-Dig) is one of ten flagship programs of the Indramayu Regency Government, outlined in the government's vision and mission to improve services and information transparency for the community through digital innovation. The Lebu Digital program is a satellite-based digital ecosystem that aims to digitize all rural areas that lack internet infrastructure.

The program was launched in 2021 and will be implemented in 309 villages and 8 urban neighborhoods within the administrative boundaries of Indramayu Regency. The objective of this program is to transition service delivery from manual systems to digital systems implemented by village governments. As such, the Lebu Digital Program seeks to improve efficiency and ease in providing services to the community. (Faisal Natsir & Ilham Juliansyah, 2025).

Lebu Digital is one of the implementation programs of the Industry 4.0- based government system for the growth and development of society. Lebu Digital is expected to facilitate the effectiveness of services to rural communities, as a step in reducing the digital divide and promoting development in underdeveloped areas through integrated village government services. It also provides transparency regarding the use of public information services that can be accessed by the community through the platform. (Prihartono & Utami, 2023)

 METHODOLOGY

The research method used is a descriptive method using a qualitative approach. According to Sugiyono, qualitative research is a method used to study objects in their natural state, where the researcher acts as the key instrument (Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, 2017). The type of research used is descriptive, providing an overview based on phenomena or realities regarding the “Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program” in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder District, Indramayu Regency.

The data analysis methods used include primary and secondary data. In this study, primary data collection was conducted through several analysis techniques, including observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The observations conducted by the researcher involved direct and indirect observations at the Cangkingan Village Office. The interviews conducted by the researcher with key informants included the Village Head of Cangkingan and all village officials in Cangkingan. The documentation collected by the researcher took the form of audio recordings and photographs. Secondary data was obtained from literature reviews.

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program

The Lebu Digital Program (Le-Dig) is an innovation from the government in implementing an industry 4.0-based governance system. The Lebu Digital Program is designed to facilitate public access to information and services from the Village Government. Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict,

Indramayu Regency, is one of the first villages to implement the Lebu Digital Program since 2021. Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency, has provided a Village Information System (SID), which is a website-based service resulting from the implementation of the Digital Village Program. This system covers various services, including basic administrative lettering in the village, marketing of SME products through a platform, managing a call center for emergency needs, health information, latest news on local and national issues, as well as prices of vegetables and basic commodities available in the village. Additionally, the implementation of the Digital Village Program also provides transparency regarding the use of the Village Budget, which can be accessed by the community through gadgets.

At this stage, the researcher discusses the research findings obtained from informants and applies the theory used by the researcher. This is the researcher's opinion regarding Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program, specifically in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu District. According to Gibson et al. (1984) with the Effectiveness Theory, the researcher uses three indicators as a foundation: short-term effectiveness, medium-term effectiveness, and long-term effectiveness. The purpose of these three indicators is to compile an organizational description into a clear and focused whole.

Short-Term Effectivity

Production

In this indicator, the Cangkingan Village Government in Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, has provided a Village Information System (SID) on the Village Platform as part of the implementation of the Lebu Digital Program. In accordance with Law No. 14 of 2008 (Indonesia, 2008) regarding optimal public information disclosure to the community, the Village Government of Cangkingan is striving to meet the community's needs for access to public information by providing services through a Village Information System (SID) based on a website that can be accessed using gadgets. This can be seen as follows:

Figure 1. Platform for Cangkingan 2025 (Source: https://cangkingan.desa.id/)

The village of Cangkingan in the Kedokanbunder subdistrict of Indramayu regency has at least thirty-three self-service facilities, such as administrative document processing, which can be submitted online and accessed by the community through a website-based Village Information System (SID), meaning that residents of Cangkingan village in the Kedokanbunder subdistrict of Indramayu regency only need to access it via their gadgets.

Research findings indicate that the Village Government of Cangkingan, Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency, has been effective in providing accessibility to residents of Cangkingan Village through digital services. This demonstrates an improvement in administrative processes at the Cangkingan Village Office, enabling residents to simply access and request services, after which village officials will process them directly, eliminating the need for residents to visit the village office in person. This digital service facilitates community access to village officials compared to before the implementation of the Lebu Digital Program. With the Lebu Digital Program, services that were previously difficult to process manually are now practical through the Village Information System (SID).

Efficiency

The research results show that the Cangkingan Village Administration has made efforts to provide administrative services to the residents of Cangkingan Village through the Lebu Digital Program. When the Lebu Digital Program was implemented, it made the service process very short and structured through the system. However, currently, services in Cangkingan Village have reverted to manual processes, resulting in the service system requiring significant costs and time when processing certificates, letters of introduction, and document processing.

Research findings indicate that the administrative services provided by Cangkingan Village in Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency, through the Lebu Digital Program have not been effective. This is due to the lack of expertise in technological changes, leading the village office to revert to manual processes. As a result, Cangkingan Village has opted to use the manual system to ensure the smooth operation of services, though this approach can be time-consuming and costly.

Satisfactory

In this indicator, effectiveness can be measured based on the level of employee satisfaction with their performance, namely the satisfaction of Cangkingan Village officials in Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, with village government services in the Lebu Digital Program. Researchers found that Cangkingan Village officials were very satisfied with the Lebu Digital Program. with some stating that such a service system greatly assists them in providing services to their residents. The Digital Lebu Program is highly beneficial for them. As a result, they have also prepared various technological tools to support the implementation of the Digital Lebu Program.

The results of interviews conducted by the researcher with all Cangkingan Village officials, namely the village head, village secretary, and village operator, who were directly involved in the field at the Cangkingan Village Office, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, showed that it has been effective in terms of satisfaction..

Mid-Term Effectivity

Adaptiveness

At the beginning of the Lebu Digital Program, some of the Cangkingan Village officials were not yet accustomed to using computers or digital system applications, as the researchers observed that many of the Cangkingan Village officials were quite old, raising concerns that they might be reluctant to support the Lebu Digital Program. However, some village officials in Cangkingan were already sufficiently skilled and proficient in operating technological tools such as computers and using digital system applications, supported by training for the adaptation process.

The research findings indicate that the Cangkingan Village Government was able to adapt effectively to implement the Digital Lebu Program, demonstrating its ability to adapt effectively.

Development

The Cangkingan Village Administration in Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, has added a feature to the Village Information System, namely the “Lapak Desa” Marketplace, in collaboration with the Village- Owned Enterprise (BUMDes), which can be accessed by the community through the Village Information System (SID) to support the local economy. This enables the Village Government of Cangkingan, Kedokanbunder Sub- District, Indramayu Regency to ensure that local businesses in the village can expand their market reach more effectively to develop good governance. The Village Government's services under the Digital Village Program not only accelerate the digitization of village services but also provide broader economic opportunities for the local community. Following the research, the findings indicate that Cangkingan Village in Indramayu Regency has implemented optimal development innovations through the Village Information System (SID), which is generally accessible to the local community.

Figure 2 Lapak Desa 2025

(Source: https://cangkingan.desa.id/lapak )

Long-Term Effectiveness

(a) Sustainibility

In the long term, the sustainability of the Lebu Digital Program in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder District, Indramayu Regency has not been effective. This is evident from the efficiency indicator, namely the return of services to the manual system, which shows that the sustainability of the digitization program in Cangkingan Village is not yet guaranteed due to the lack of infrastructure readiness and human resources.

 Factors Hindering the Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program

The factors hindering the effectiveness of village administration services in the Lebu Digital program in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, are as follows:

Limitations in the skills of Cangkingan village officials, who are not yet evenly distributed in managing digital services, on the effectiveness of village government services in the Lebu Digital Program.

Lack of public understanding of technology in the Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program.

Infrastructure and facilities that are still lacking in the effectiveness of village administration services in the Lebu Digital Program.

Limited budget funds in the Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program.

 Efforts to Improve the Effectiveness of Village Administration Services through the Lebu Digital Program

The efforts that can be made to improve the effectiveness of village administration services through the Lebu Digital Program are as follows:

Conducting specialized training for village officials in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency on the effectiveness of village government services within the Lebu Digital Program. In this regard, the researcher suggests that training be provided to the village officials of Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Sub- district, Indramayu Regency to enhance their skills and competencies in utilizing information and communication technology, which may include the use of village information systems and the management of village websites more effectively in improving the effectiveness of village government services within the Lebu Digital Program.

Conducting outreach on the importance of information technology in the effectiveness of village administration services in the Lebu Digital Program. In this regard, the researcher recommends that outreach be expanded to the community of Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, so that the community can better understand the benefits and effective use of information technology in the effectiveness of village administration services in the Lebu Digital Program.

Maximizing available facilities and infrastructure to support the effectiveness of village administration services in the Lebu Digital Program. In this regard, the researcher's recommendation regarding facilities and infrastructure is that there is a need for improvement and addition, such as internet networks for servers, computers, and other software, which need to be maximized through cooperation between private parties to improve the quality and coverage of the internet more effectively in the effectiveness of village government services in the Lebu Digital Program.

Maximizing available village funds and budgets in the Effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program. In this regard, the researcher suggests that adequate allocation of village funds and budgets is necessary to support the development of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program. The Village Government of Cangkingan, Kedokanbunder Sub-district, Indramayu Regency, can utilize village funds to facilitate software, fund training programs, and conduct more effective outreach activities to enhance the effectiveness of Village Government Services in the Lebu Digital Program.

 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The Lebu Digital Program implemented in Cangkingan Village, Kedokanbunder Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, is a local government innovation aimed at digitizing village administrative services. This program has successfully improved the effectiveness of public services, particularly in terms of information access, village administration, and budget transparency through a website-based Village Information System (SID) that can be accessed online by the community. This digital service makes it easier for residents to handle administrative matters without having to visit the village office in person, thereby making the service process more efficient and transparent.

However, there are challenges in the form of limited human resources who are not yet fully skilled in operating the digital system, so in some cases services are still carried out manually. This indicates that the implementation on the ground has not fully aligned with the program's initial objectives. Nevertheless, overall, the implementation of Lebu Digital in Cangkingan Village has had a positive impact on the effectiveness of village government services and represents a strategic step toward achieving better and more responsive village governance that addresses community needs.

 ADVANCED RESEARCH

Further study is suggested to examine the long-term sustainability and scalability of the Lebu Digital Program across other villages with varying levels of digital readiness. Future research could also explore the effectiveness of digital literacy initiatives for both village officials and the community, as well as assess the role of infrastructure development in supporting digital transformation. Additionally, investigating the impact of this program on community participation and trust in local governance would provide valuable insights for optimizing digital service delivery in rural areas.

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