IJARIndonesian Journal of Advanced Research2986-0768Formosa Publisher10.55927/ijar.v4i7.15014Synergy of Training and Assistance for Beginner Entrepreneurs among Graduates of Bunda Produktif Institut Ibu Profesional Sumatera UtaraSariElva CitraPostgraduate School of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesiakakelva@gmail.comDalimuntheRitha F.Postgraduate School of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaHarahapR. HamdaniPostgraduate School of Development Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia290720251305202527062025290720254715831600
This study explores the synergy model of training and assistance for beginner entrepreneurs in the Bunda Produktif program by Institut Ibu Profesional Sumatera Utara. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 15. Findings indicate that the program’s success is driven by the synergy of community-based training, continuous assistance, and the use of digital platforms. The program effectively enhances participants’ productivity, self-efficacy, and economic and social contributions. Key success factors include facilitator competence, community involvement, and digital access, while challenges include time management, financial independence, and limited post-program activities. The study recommends developing an adaptive, passion-based training and assistance model integrated with a digital monitoring system for sustainability and replication.
Synergy ModelWomen's EntrepreneurshipCommunity-Based Learning and PassionTrainingMentoringhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world after
China, India, and the United States. Data from the Central Statistics
Agency (2024) records that the population of Indonesia in 2023 reached
278.6 million people, consisting of 140 million men and 138 million
women. With the proportion of women reaching 49% of the total national
population, this group has significant potential as human resources
that can contribute to development, including through productive
economic activities. However, the social construction that positions
women only as housewives remains a challenge in the process of
empowering women in Indonesia. Women are often considered to prefer
domestic roles, even though they have higher education backgrounds,
thus their potential in supporting family economies is less than
optimal. In fact, women have the same opportunities to actively
participate in the economic sector through entrepreneurial
activities.
Based on data from the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of
Cooperatives and SMEs, the contribution of entrepreneurs to the
national economy is still not ideal, including among women. Indonesia
only has about 1.5% of micro-entrepreneurs compared to countries with
large populations such as the United States, Singapore, or Malaysia,
which have higher ratios (Hidayati et al., 2023). Women entrepreneurs
play an important role not only in creating jobs for themselves and
their surrounding environment but also in strengthening family
economic resilience and accelerating local economic growth (Ulya,
2023; Uslu & Kedikli, 2019). Empowering women through
community-based entrepreneurship training has become one of the
relevant strategies, especially for housewives who have limited time
and access to conventional training. The development of digital
technology also opens new opportunities for more flexible and
affordable online training (Manolova et al., 2020).
One of the community-based training and mentoring programs for
women in Indonesia is Bunda Produktif, which has been organized by the
Institut Ibu Profesional since 2020. This program utilizes the digital
platform Hexagon City as an interactive online learning space based on
passion that facilitates collaboration, skill development, and
community-based entrepreneurial activities. Although this program has
produced more than 1200 graduates nationally, the phenomenon in the
field shows a disparity between training theory and business practices
in the field. Some graduates are able to develop sustainable
independent businesses, but others still face obstacles in aspects of
marketing, capital, business management, and a lack of post-training
mentoring. The results of the pre-research survey on Bunda Produktif
graduates in North Sumatra, shows that of the nine respondents, only
one person was actively entrepreneurial after the program ended. This
phenomenon emphasizes the importance of evaluation of the training and
mentoring model applied, as well as the synergy of these two
components in supporting the success of beginner entrepreneurs,
especially among women. Therefore, this research aims to explore and
analyze the synergy of training and mentoring applied in the
Productive Mother program and its impact on the success of graduates'
businesses in the North Sumatra region.
LITERATURE REVIEWEntrepreneurship and Beginner Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurship is a dynamic process that involves identifying
opportunities, managing risks, and innovating to create economic and
social value (Hisrich et al., 2017). In Indonesia, entrepreneurship
has become a strategic instrument in reducing unemployment and
increasing family economic resilience, especially in the informal
sector dominated by women (Kemenkop UKM, 2022). Beginner
entrepreneurs, as individuals who are just starting a business,
often face limitations in capital, managerial experience, and market
access (Wulandari, 2013). Therefore, support in the form of training
and mentoring becomes a crucial factor in helping them survive and
grow in the early stages.
Entrepreneurship Training and Mentoring
Entrepreneurship training aims to enhance knowledge, technical
skills, and managerial capacity of business actors. Several training
models focus on developing specific competencies, such as business
management, digital marketing, and business finance (Man et al.,
2002). In addition to training, mentoring plays a significant role
as a practical and contextual continuous learning mechanism (Dyer,
2001). Effective mentoring is carried out through intensive
consultations, business simulations, case studies, and providing
feedback on the practices of beginner entrepreneurs in the field
(Mersha, 2017).
Synergy of Training and Mentoring
The integration of training and mentoring is considered capable
of providing a more significant impact on the success of beginner
entrepreneurs (Kihara & Siringi, 2018). This synergy includes
program continuity, relevance of materials to participants' needs,
and support from digital-based communities. The effectiveness of
this synergy can be measured through increases in business income,
productivity, managerial competence, and participants' success in
maintaining their businesses over a certain period (Patton,
2011).
Digital Business Incubation Model
In the context of digitalization, community-based virtual
training and mentoring platforms, such as Hexagon City at the
Institut Ibu Profesional, have the potential to become a model for
passion-based social business incubation. This platform facilitates
collaboration, digital marketing, and integrated gamification-based
mentoring (Dees, 1998). This program effectively supports beginner
women entrepreneurs in utilizing technology, developing businesses,
and expanding business networks amid domestic limitations (Sari,
2024).
Factors of Success and Challenges
The success of training and mentoring programs is influenced by
internal factors of participants such as motivation, self-efficacy,
and skills, as well as external factors such as the quality of
instructors, availability of facilities, and community support
(Clutterbuck, 2014). Meanwhile, the main challenges that
often arise include low digital literacy, limited access to
capital, and the gap between training materials and entrepreneurial
practices in the field (Zimmerer in Suryana, 2014).
Synergy Model of Training and Mentoring for Beginner
Entrepreneurs
Training and mentoring are two strategic components that
complement each other in building the capacity of beginner
entrepreneurs, especially women. The synergy between passion-based
training, ongoing mentoring, and the utilization of community-based
digital platforms is considered the most effective approach in the
context of women's entrepreneurship in the digital era (Manolova et
al., 2020). Training serves to equip participants with an
entrepreneurial mindset, technical skills, and basic managerial
abilities. Meanwhile, mentoring acts as a follow-up process that
provides direct assistance in facing field problems, building
business networks, and increasing the self- confidence of beginner
entrepreneurs (Dessler, 2020). The combination of these two elements
will be effective if supported by a digital community ecosystem that
allows for interaction, experience sharing, collaboration, and
online market access.
METHODOLOGY
This research uses a qualitative approach with a
descriptive-analytical design. This method is chosen to deeply
understand the phenomenon of synergy in training and mentoring for
beginner entrepreneurs among graduates of the Bunda Produktif
Institute of Professional Mothers. Qualitative research is conducted
in a natural context, where the researcher plays a direct role as the
main instrument, with theory utilized as an analytical tool to
interpret field findings (Sugiyono, 2024). The descriptive-analytical
approach is used to systematically describe and analyze the
relationship between the training process, mentoring, and
participants' experiences in starting a business, both individually
and in groups. The focus of the research is directed to explore the
experiences, strategies, and challenges faced by participants after
the training program.
Location and Research Subjects
This research is conducted in North Sumatra Province. The
selection of this location is based on the consideration that until
this research was conducted, there had been no similar studies in
the area that specifically examined the synergy of training and
mentoring for beginner entrepreneurs based on women's communities.
The research subjects consist of two categories of informants. The
first category is called key informants, including the Initiator,
Program Director, and Program Manager of the Bunda Produktif
Institute of Professional Mothers, totaling 4 people. The second
category is 17 main Informant. The main informant, namely graduates
of the Bunda Produktif program Batch 1-3 in the regions of Medan,
Deli Serdang, Binjai, Langkat, and Labuhan Batu Selatan.
Data Collection Techniques
Data collection was carried out using four main methods. First,
Observation was conducted on curriculum documents, the design of the
Hexagon City program, and the implementation of the Bunda Produktif
lectures during the period 2020–2024. The next data collection was
gathered from various documents in the form of secondary data such
as training playbooks, sales reports, project passion distribution,
and lecture archives. The third method was conducted through
In-Depth Interviews with key and main informants, both face-to-face
and online, to explore information related to the training process,
mentoring, and the entrepreneurial experiences of participants. The
last method was Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving informants
and external program observers to discuss perceptions, experiences,
and joint evaluations of the program's implementation, as well as to
serve as a data validation process.
Data Validity Testing
To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, this research
applies triangulation techniques (Sugiyono, 2024) which include
Method Triangulation that combines the results of observations,
interviews, documentation, and FGDs to compare the validity of the
data. The validity of the data can also be tested through Source
Triangulation which examines the consistency of data from various
categories of informants and supporting documents. Finally, the
validity of the data can be tested from Theory Triangulation which
reviews field findings with various relevant theories to broaden
understanding and avoid analysis bias.
Data Analysis
Data was analyzed using qualitative techniques based on the Miles
and Huberman model (in Sugiyono, 2024), which consists of three
stages: Data Reduction by filtering and simplifying data according
to the research focus. Second, Data Presentation by organizing data
in the form of narratives, tables, and diagrams to facilitate
interpretation. Third, drawing Conclusions and Verification aimed at
interpreting the data, identifying patterns of meaning, and
continuously verifying conclusions. The entire analysis process was
supported by NVivo software to facilitate coding, project map
visualization, queries, and thematic analysis. The use of NVivo
allows for the identification of data patterns that are more
systematic and accurate, as well as strengthening the validity of
the analysis (Robertson, 2010).
NVivo Model Framework Results
Based on the results of thematic coding analysis using NVivo 15
on interview, observation, and documentation data, key components
were found in the synergy model of training and mentoring for
beginner entrepreneurs in the Bunda Produktif program of the
Institut Ibu Profesional. First, Passion-Based Training tailored to
the interests and potential of participants, combined with digital
entrepreneurship material, business planning, and simple financial
management. Second, Continuous Mentoring which includes business
mentoring, routine consultations, and peer support within the
Hexagon City
community, both during training and post-program. Third,
Collaborative Digital Platforms. The utilization of Hexagon City and
Hexamarket as spaces for interaction, business incubation,
promotion, and market network development and community
entrepreneurship. The fourth presence of Strengthening Factors such
as participant commitment, facilitator competence, availability of
training facilities, and community support becomes factors that
support the success of the program. NVivo also found Field
Constraints including time management, self- efficacy, motivation to
be productive, mismatch between training materials and business
reality, limited access to capital, still low digital literacy, and
weak post- program activities.
Implications of the Model
This synergy model is expected to serve as a reference for
community- based women's empowerment institutions in other regions.
The integration of passion-based training, continuous mentoring, and
collaborative digital platforms has proven to increase business
productivity, self-efficacy, and women's economic contributions at
the family and community levels.
Figure 1. Verbatim Transcript File from informants and FGD.
Figure 2. Operationalization Process of Coding Nvivo 15
RESEARCH RESULTS
This research found that the synergy of training and mentoring for
beginner entrepreneurs in the Bunda Produktif environment of the
Institut Ibu Profesional of North Sumatra is effectively carried out
through the support of the Hexagon City community ecosystem.
The implementation of the program is supported by a digital
platform, adaptive curriculum, competent facilitators, and a
sustainable mentoring system.
The factors influencing this synergy include the availability of
resources and support from Hexagon City, Regional IP, and family. The
quality of facilitators and mentors. The duration, intensity, and
methods of training. The suitability of the curriculum with the needs
of participants. The commitment and participation of participants.
Integrated evaluation and feedback.
This training and mentoring program contributes to the improvement
of self-efficacy, family income, and the social role of women in the
family and community environment.
Data analysis also found two synergy models applied, namely the
Income Generating Model, which focuses on strengthening the capacity
of beginner entrepreneurs to increase income, and the Sustainable
Model, which emphasizes the continuity of the Hexagon City virtual
community-based program and a sustainable evaluation system.
Based on the research results, the main constraints faced by
participants are divided into three phases, namely the pre-training
phase, such as low entrepreneurial literacy, lack of motivation, and
time management issues. In the training phase, participants experience
difficulties in determining the type of business, problems in
determining funds to develop their passion, and limitations in online
mentoring. Constraints are also faced by participants of Bunda
Produktif post-training, such as minimal follow-up activities,
dependence on instructors, and weak mapping of business potential.
Figure 3: Hierarchy Chart Coding Nvivo 15
DISCUSSION
The results of this study reinforce the concept that the synergy of
structured, relevant, and community-based training and mentoring has a
real impact on female beginner entrepreneurs. This finding is in line
with the study by Kihara and Siringi (2018), which states that
effective training can improve technical competencies and structured
mentoring can enhance the competitiveness of beginner businesses. The
results of this study are reflected in
the NVivo project map, which maps the close relationship between
the variables of increased self-efficacy, income generating, social
impact, and improvements in the training and mentoring system on the
success of graduates of Bunda Produktif Institute of Professional
Mothers.
Figure 4. Synergy Model of Training and Mentoring NVivo 15
Synergy of Training and Mentoring as a Determinant of
Self-Efficacy
Based on the coding map, the category of Self-Efficacy becomes an
important node that is directly connected to various informants as
well as the training themes based on the Hexagon City platform,
income schemes, and social impact. This is in line with Bandura's
theory (1997) that self-efficacy acts as a mediator between training
and entrepreneurial behavior. Community-based online training like
Hexagon City has proven capable of increasing participants'
confidence in making business decisions and overcoming business
obstacles.
Dual Synergy Model: Income Generating and Sustainable
Project
The NVivo map reveals two synergy models, namely the Income
Generating Model, which leads to an increase in participants'
capacity to understand production cost management, cost of goods
sold (COGS), and profit projections. The second model is the
Sustainable Model, which focuses on
business sustainability through the Hexagon City virtual
ecosystem, collaboration among alumni, and post-training mentoring.
These findings fill a research gap that previously had not
integrated the concept of income-based entrepreneurship with
community-based sustainability within a single training synergy
scheme. Kihara and Siringi (2018) indeed discuss the effects of
training and mentoring, but have not explored a dual model like
this.
Gap Program: Training Material versus Field
Challenges
Although the program shows positive results, the NVivo project
map also reveals outlier data from several informants regarding the
gap between training material and business reality. Participants
face obstacles in mapping business potential, determining business
models, and accessing markets. This indicates that the
personalization of training material based on individual needs is
still minimal. The andragogy principle, which should be based on the
needs and experiences of participants (Knowles, 1980), has not been
optimally applied.
Strength of the Hexagon City Virtual Incubator
From the visualization of the project map, the strong connection
between the Hexagon City platform and various indicators of
entrepreneurial success (income, self-efficacy, social impact)
confirms that this digital ecosystem serves as an effective social
incubator. This aligns with the concept of a virtual community-based
incubator (Alonso & Bressan, 2021), which states that virtual
incubators can be a strategic tool in supporting women entrepreneurs
in areas with limited access to formal business.
Theoretical and Practical Implications
Theoretically, this research expands the framework of synergy in
entrepreneurship training by incorporating the dual model dimension
and the role of virtual communities as supporting factors for
business sustainability. Practically, the results of this research
can serve as a reference for managers of digital-based women's
communities to build training programs that are responsive,
adaptive, and based on individual needs, while also bridging the gap
between training material and field conditions.
Figure 5. NVivo 15 Word Cloud
The visualization of the word cloud in this research provides an
overview of the frequency of key words that appeared in the
conversations of informants during the interview process and Focus
Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the word cloud image, there are
several words with dominant frequency such as
"productive," "mother."
“Researcher,” “informant,” “training,” “mentoring,” “hexagon,”
“business,” and “following.” The dominance of the word “productive”
indicates that productivity is a central concept in this program,
not only understood as the activity of producing goods or services
but also as a representation of the identity of women members of the
Institut Ibu Profesional who are active, creative, and empowered in
public and domestic spaces.
This aligns with the concept of entrepreneurial self-efficacy
(Bandura, 1997) which states that productivity can be an indicator
of increased individual confidence in carrying out entrepreneurial
activities. The emergence of the word “mother” affirms the subject
of the research, namely women who play the role of mothers and
members of the Productive Mother community. This position is
important because it shows the socio-cultural context of the
training and mentoring program that is community-based for women,
different from conventional business incubator models that are
generally formal and institutional.
This is in line with Alonso & Bressan (2021) regarding the
advantages of community-based incubators in empowering women through
digital spaces and social networks. The terms “training” and
“mentoring” appear with high frequency, reflecting that these two
activities are the foundation of the process of forming the
competencies of beginner entrepreneurs. In a qualitative context,
the frequency of these words is not merely a quantity of occurrence
but also shows that training and mentoring become the most
meaningful experiences for the informants, both in building business
knowledge and self-confidence in entrepreneurship.
This reinforces the findings of the synergy of training and
mentoring in the Income Generating and Sustainable model. Meanwhile,
the emergence of the word “Hexagon” emphasizes the strategic role of
the Hexagon City platform as a digital medium that not only
functions as an online learning space but also as a virtual market,
collaboration space, and social media for alumni communities. The
dual role of Hexagon City as an educational, incubation, and
marketing space proves that digital technology is effectively used
as a driver of women entrepreneurs based in virtual communities, in
line with the study results of Rahman & Mulyana (2022) regarding
virtual incubators in the informal sector for women. Interestingly,
the words “researcher” and “informant,” which are also dominant,
indicate active interaction between research participants and
researchers.
This reflects that in a qualitative approach, the dialogic
relationship between researchers and informants becomes an important
instrument in building the social meanings hidden behind the
phenomena being studied (Creswell, 2013). This proves that this
research successfully established interpersonal relationships that
allow for in-depth data exploration.
Academic and Practical Implications
Academically, this word cloud proves that community-based digital
training and mentoring not only build technical competencies but
also shape social and cultural identities that are productive among
women. Practically, these findings serve as a basis for expanding
the use of Hexagon City as a model of a community-based virtual
incubator that can be replicated in other women’s communities in
Indonesia.
CONCLUSION
This research concludes that the synergy between training and
mentoring in the Bunda Produktif program of the Institut Ibu
Profesional of North Sumatra has proven effective in supporting the
development of female beginner entrepreneurs. The success of this
synergy is formed by an integrated digital community ecosystem, a
responsive training curriculum, facilitator competencies, and a
sustainable and adaptive mentoring system.
The main factors influencing the creation of this synergy include
the availability of community resources, the quality of facilitators
and mentors, the duration and methods of training, the relevance of
the curriculum to participants' needs, the level of active
participation of participants, and an integrated and participatory
evaluation system. This research also successfully identified two
models of synergy in training and mentoring, namely the Income
Generating Model, which focuses on increasing business capacity to
support individual and family income. The second model is the
Community-Based Sustainable Model, which emphasizes business
continuity through collaboration and mentoring based on the virtual
community of Hexagon City.
However, this research also found several challenges faced by
beginner entrepreneurs, including low entrepreneurial literacy,
fluctuating motivation, limited time management, and minimal
post-training business activities and
mapping. These findings emphasize the importance of a more
personal, adaptive training and mentoring approach based on the
individual needs of participants.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of this qualitative research, recommendations
that can be proposed for the development of future programs include
revising the CH (Cluster Hexagon) category scheme to be more
structured based on the business interests (passion) and sub-passions
of participants to ensure alignment with individual entrepreneurial
profiles. The HIMA of the Institut Ibu Profesional of North Sumatra
can facilitate advanced training programs and post-training mentoring
managed by the regional community of North Sumatra, to support the
sustainability of participants' businesses. This advanced
post-training program and mentoring is expected to encourage the
formation of collective business projects based on local potential
among Bunda Produktif alumni to strengthen business networks and the
economic value of the community.
A gradual mentoring system and paid mentorship can also be
implemented to enhance commitment, mentor availability, and the
sustainability of mentoring. In addition, periodic mapping of alumni
products and businesses, as well as data-based training needs analysis
to identify potential and skill gaps, can also be conducted so that
this program can develop Hexagon City as a virtual business incubator
based on a productive community integrated with LMS, marketplace, and
online collaboration spaces.
Hexagon City as a platform for online training can increase the
intensity and frequency of digital module-based training that can be
accessed flexibly according to the time and needs of participants.
Another thing that can be done is to enhance the capacity of
facilitators through the latest entrepreneurship training and digital
competencies so that the quality of training is more responsive to
current business dynamics.
Based on the results of research and discussion on the needs for
structured training and mentoring, Bunda Produktif Institut Ibu
Profesional can conduct periodic monitoring and evaluation of the
business development of its graduates to ensure business
sustainability as well as the economic and social impacts generated.
Implementing personal assessments of participants from the beginning
of the program to design training and mentoring that suits the profile
and specific needs of each individual is something that should be done
so that the impact of the training and mentoring that will be
developed can remain targeted.
The synergy model of training and mentoring for entrepreneurs with
Hexagon City as a virtual incubator can be replicated to other
housewife communities as an effort for women's economic empowerment
nationally based on digital communities.
ADVANCED RESEARCH
Based on these findings, further study is recommended to examine
the long-term impact of community-based digital ecosystems on the
sustainability of women-led businesses. Future research could also
explore the effectiveness of
personalized and adaptive mentoring approaches tailored to varying
levels of entrepreneurial literacy and motivation. In addition,
investigating strategies to enhance post-training engagement and
business mapping activities may provide valuable insights for
improving the continuity and scalability of similar programs in
diverse community settings.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author states that this article is part of the results of a
thesis research prepared to fulfill academic requirements in the
Master's Program in Management Science at the University of North
Sumatra. The entire research process, data analysis, and article
preparation were carried out independently by the author without any
conflict of interest with any party. The author also thanks all
informants, facilitators, and the Bunda Produktif Institut Ibu
Profesional team, especially those in North Sumatra who participated
in this research.
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