The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has caused the tremendous changes in different aspects of modern society. The public expects higher, better, faster, cheaper government, too, in the digital age. Old world bureaucracy - slow, complex and corrupt - is now irrelevant to the needs of modern society. This development has prompted the concept of e-government as a transformative tool for governance. It isn't just a technology trend it's a critical need to build an open, transparent and innovative government that is capable of responding to the complexities of today's social problems.(Andriyan et al., 2024)

E-Government E-government or electronic-government is a progressive form of innovation, a fusion of information and communication technology into the government administration process. This will be one of the strategic actions to enhance public service quality, accountability strengthening and good governance in the contemporary age.

Consistent with the bureaucratic reform vision and the commitment of Majalengka Regency government towards realizing good governance, the application of e-government is the strategic measure that cannot be postponed. This is also supported those who receiving PEPERA Electronically, who issued Presidential Decree of 3 in 2003 on the National Policy and Strategy for the Development of e-Government as the legal basis for achieving digital government in Indonesia.

Population population management discipline provide a very important strategic support for population growth, legal security, guarantee the civil rights of all citizens. In Majalengka Regency, the Civil Registry and Population Service has duties in issuing population documents like Identity Card (KTP), Family Card (KK) and Population Information Sheet Number (NIK) and recording the occurrence of a vital event, birth certificate. This is a service, to protect the provision of public services. In as much as these documents are legal evidence of a person's generosity and his existence, the Protection is a fundamental tool in the realization of the rights of citizens. Calling this service public, is a matter of high priority, and deserves to be considered as a public service a government should provide.(Arwandi Jai et al., 2016)

Challenges The implementation of SIAK in Indonesia still experience some challenges that mostly happen at national and local level. In all of these areas there are specific issues and problems, but it is the case that the system is being built up at this time and that with respect to the best management of population, further effort will be made to build up this system. The Population Management Information System (SIMDUK) programme was introduced by the government in 1996 to solve all population management problems. This SIMDUK method was in effect in cities and counties as population registration technique. Since then the system was modernized in response to increased complexity of demographic statistical needs stemming from technical development. Accordingly, the Population Administration and Data System (SIAK) began its operation in 2004. However, there was a limitation in its implementation, not yet being national thus give birth to duplicative of data

and inaccuracy. Therefore in 2020, Population Administration Information System (SIAK) was enhanced into Centralized SIAK, the new system where all population data are hosted on the national server, not depending on regional server. This is to ensure holistic synergies and prompt accessibility by several government bodies. (Jaya et al., 2021)

Despite its aim of redducing obstacles to public use of population document management services (in Sudan) the deployment of the Population Administration Information System (SIAK) according to the researchers' findings is still facing some(/a) challenges. SIAK was constructed to enable the administration of population data, enhance the quality of public service provision, and assist better policy creation by means of the integrated (in real time) data input, update and maintenance. Yet, following the evidence from the Population and Civil Registration Office of Majalengka Regency there are still some barriers affecting the effectiveness of such information system. These include delays in the production of population documents, discrepancies between information contained in population documents and the realities on the ground, and the limited access of residents in remote areas to the system of production of population documents. These difficulties signal problems in the use and practice of the SIAK, which might undermine its capacity to govern the population administration. Left unchecked, these issues have the potential to impede the attainment of the system's primary focus of delivering more efficient, effective and well-managed population administration services responsive to the needs of the community.

This study is intended to analyze the implementation of Population Collection Information (Dukuh) System, and how the population in collecting population card (KTP) with e-ID card is being done in regional of government as well as to assess its effectiveness through the barriers encountered in the process of the implementation. The population in this study is how the SIAK method is applied in the Population and Civil Registration Office for Majalengka Regency. Furthermore, other than the theoretical contribution, recommendation strategy can also result from this study as an effort for the development and advancement of SIAK as its implementation will work well, exist and the community will be able to utilize it accordingly. The working performance of the system is evaluated by speed, accuracy, convenience, and public satisfaction of population administration services. The research findings this initiative are therefore anticipated to furnish an integrated account of the success of SIAK deployment together with the drivers and barriers to achievements of outcomes.

We take the design-reality gap for analyzing the implementation of SIAK that is the differences between the ideal design of system versus the reality of the field. This idea is used for identification of the reasons leading to the disparity in terms of the initial system objectives and the actually achieved results, and as a consequence, of more suitable and applicable solutions to currently encountered barriers.

In the current age of digitalisation, we have to digitalise in every sector and also in the government. This has resulted in the emergence of e- government as a new approach to: provision of efficient, transparent and citizen-centered public services (Lindgren et al., 2019). In Indonesia, a dominant model of e-government is through what is called the Population Administration Information System (SIAK) which is designed to modernize population data management (Kemendagri, 2019).

This research, is entiled “Digital Transformation: Analysis of the Implementation of the Population Administration Information System (SIAK) in Local Government” indentified three main related interets:

A descriptive qualitative research design will be utilized to provide a rich and detailed portrait of the phenomenon in the context of the real world. It is seen as the right technique for investigating in-depth the implementation of the SIAK in the Majalengka Regency, since it enables researchers to capture anything true in relation to the events and situation observed without manipulation or interference. As an attempt to supplement the analisis, reach on literature was carried out, literature on SIAK in order to synthesize and enriched with the theoretical knowledge of the SIAK related literature, especially previous studies. (La Adu et al., 2022)

The method of data collection that had been employed in this research is in-depth interview with the systematic and complete. Key informants who manage SIAK were interviewed, including persons in charge of SIAK operators in the Population and Civil Registration Office of Majalengka Regency. Supplementary information was also collected through assisting informants, namely the Head of the Population and Civil Registration Office, the Head of the Population Administration Information Management Information and the public as the direct recipient of SIAK.

Data triangulation (refer to comparing data gathered from diverse sources to reduce bias) was used to test data validity and completeness of the data. Researchers will therefore be able to receive a full, valid, accountable description of what has gone into the operation of SIAK through this method. This systematic review gives a good base for a profound analysis of the challenges and opportunities to improve SIAK implementation in Majalengka Regency. (Foster, 2020)

The findings from the interviews, based on the seven dimensions of ITPOSMO are, that the implementation of SIAK in Majalengka Regency encounters several issues and causes a mismatch between the ideal and actual conditions of the system. Regarding the information, if SIAK illustrated good data with recent data data, the main issue will be low community's participation, related to community's acknowledge on better data quality or its rule as the community subjective behavior in documents, the change of the number of population that are going to be married, or deceased is not reported, resulting to invalid data.

Technologically, system efficiency is also affected by infrastructure limitations, which include: obsolete equipment and uneven access to the internet. Field processes and stages are also hindered by impediments, the most critical of which are that applicant did not fill all the required forms despite the fact that they are amended annually. The objectives and values of the SIAK system, aimed at enhancing service effectiveness and transparency, have not been fully realized because of lack of resources and weak community involvement. With Staff and Skills, inadequate reservoir of capable manpower in the use of the most recent technology and uncoordinated Management Systems and Structures between the Local and the Central governments lag the data validation process behind in the Management of Population Data. Lastly, in other resources, small staff and budget seem to be the critical barriers to achieving the most service. In general, the way of applying SIAK in Majalengka Regency has several substantial weaknesses which should be improved in order that those systems can work effectively and accurately.

The Population Administration Information System (SIAK) is a strategic early step to increase efficiency, accuracy and interconnectivity of the Indonesian population data. Ideally, SIAK has been conceived as a tool in order to always having newer real-time data on the population, and to allow high- quality results which the current technologies and working processes and skilled employees would make become available. The system is also anticipated to have quick and timely services to all people at all level and provide services that are easy to reach, including for remote areas. Active involvement of the community to report any changes in vital statistical data, including births, deaths and marriages, is a key to linking 'fully' such data and ensuring its timeliness and quality.

Yet, the fact is, implementation of SIAK in the Majalengka District has a massive challenge. This design-reality gap can be analyzed by applying the e- government implementation theory, more specifically the Design-Reality Gap paradigm as introduced by Heeks (2002) at (Ayoung & Abbott, 2021). This model represents the difference between ideal design of an information system and the real situation on the ground that may influence the performance of the system.

Based on the progress data in the image above, it shows that even though efforts to update population data have been made, the level of community participation in reporting changes such as marriages and deaths is still relatively low. This has resulted in some of the population data recorded in SIAK being inaccurate and out of date. Although the marriage validation program has been implemented to help record the marital status of residents, the progress of reporting is still not in line with the expected targets. This data reflects the challenges faced by the Population and Civil Registration Office of Majalengka Regency in ensuring the validity of continuously updated population data.

From the analysis and interview, it can be inferred that The implementation of SIAK in Majalengka Regency has several barriers and bring deviations between ideal conditions and system reality. An information point of view of the main problem is the repeated denial of community to report any changes to our population data, such as marriages or deaths, thereby lowering the credibility of the data. On a technology leve infrastructure limitations are a bottleneck to the system's efficiency as ana an improvements gains slow on old systems and bad internet connections. Work processes and procedures also face challenges because applicants often fail to complete the required documents, despite the standard operating procedures (SOPs) being updated annually. In terms of objectives and values, the SIAK system, designed to enhance service efficiency and transparency, has not been fully realized due to resource constraints and low community participation. In terms of Staff and Skills, the limited number of employees and lack of skills in utilizing the latest technology slow down the process of managing population data. From the perspective of Systems and Management Structure, coordination between departments has been implemented well to improve service effectiveness, but obstacles in service procedures still need to be addressed. In terms of other resources, the limited number of staff and budget are the main obstacles to providing optimal services, especially after the central government stopped allocating funds in 2021 and the district became fully dependent on the district budget (APBD).

The implementation of the centralized SIAK system has proven to have a positive impact on effectiveness, particularly in terms of efficiency and accuracy of population data. The public can now process population documents more quickly and transparently, with data that is always updated to reflect actual conditions. However, challenges such as technical disruptions, infrastructure limitations in remote areas, and insufficient human resource capacity still need to be addressed. In general, the application of centralized system SIAK in

Majalengka Regency has increased the population administration system in an effective and efficient manner, although there is still improvement in the meningkatkannya infrastructure technology, strategies for improving community participation and strengthening the competence of human resources. Steady advancements are needed to help guarantee that the SIAK system can contribute fully to a more modern, open and flexible population management system that better reflects the requirements of society.

Strategic steps which must be done in an interrelated manner to narrow the gap between expectation and realization in operation of Centralized SIAK at Majalengka Regency. One requirement is strengthening infrastructure- upgrading outdated hardware for more advanced technology and ensuring even internet access in all parts of the country, including in the countryside. This function will accelerate accessing data, and increase system performance. Furthermore, publicity should be strengthened in order to let the public know that administering the population is important. People will have a better understanding of the significance of data changes in reporting through mass media and outdoor activities, and by leveraging the society leaders, public participation in of data reporting will be improved.

In addition, to improve human resources (HR), it is necessary to increase the number of staff at the Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil) of Majalengka Regency to reduce the heavy workload. More in- depth and technology-based training should also be encouraged by providing a special budget. Collaboration with universities or training institutions to create internship programs or involve young professionals will also enrich the technical capabilities of staff. On the other hand, the optimization of work processes and procedures must be carried out by updating standard operating procedures (SOPs) to be more flexible and responsive to community needs. The “jemput bola” program also needs to be expanded with adequate logistical and budgetary support so that it can reach remote areas.

Management systems and structures require improved coordination between local and central governments to ensure that data validation processes can be carried out more quickly and efficiently. Additionally, developing simpler data validation mechanisms can reduce delays in service delivery.

Nonetheless, the author recognizes that this study has several weaknesses. The research area was also restricted to Majalengka Regency, and did not include other regions that may have different issues. The qualitative method employed also relies strongly on the accessibility and openness of informants. Since the work was focused on rapid triages, it was not always possible to elicit extensive information from all informants. Expectations For future work, it is expected that a more comprehensive study can be made, including more regions and combining quantitative methods, for obtaining more complete results and that can be compared in a more objective way.

Acknowledgements The author cordially acknowledges all those who have helped him during the process of writing and completing this scientific article. Especially, he is indebted to his colleague lecturers and all stakeholders who provided with constructive comments, critics, and suggestions during the writing of this article.

We would also like to thank The Population and Civil Registration Office of Majalengka Regency, which provided valuable data and information which allowed the research presented in this paper.

Finally, the author would like to express his sincere appreciation to all the individuals, directly or indirectly, who have contributed their moral and material support for assistance with this study.