The Effect of Sharia Supervisiory Board Size and the Health Ratio of Bank Sharia to Profitability

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of the SSB size and financial performance on profitability as measured using Return On Assets (ROA) in Islamic public banking in Indonesia for the 2017-2021 period and prove the hypothesis. Quantitative descriptive research method using secondary data obtained from the official financial reports of each Islamic Commercial Bank. Purposive Sampling was used in this study, so that the number of samples was 11 Islamic Commercial Banks. The statistical test results show that the DPS, CAR, NPF and BOPO variables each have a negative effect on ROA. While the FDR variable has no effect on ROA.

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of the SSB size and financial performance on profitability as measured using Return On Assets (ROA) in Islamic public banking in Indonesia for the 2017-2021 period and prove the hypothesis. Quantitative descriptive research method using secondary data obtained from the official financial reports of each Islamic Commercial Bank. Purposive Sampling was used in this study, so that the number of samples was 11 Islamic Commercial Banks. The statistical test results show that the DPS, CAR, NPF and BOPO variables each have a negative effect on ROA. While the FDR variable has no effect on ROA.

INTRODUCTION
The rapid development of Islamic banking has made Islamic financial institutions have strength in the economic recovery that occurs in Indonesia (Predesyah, 2020). The important role of a bank in a country's economy is for financial intermediary (Rizal & Humaidi, 2021). The existence of banks with sharia principles encourages competition between conventional and sharia banks, it also demands bank to improve their performance (Trisela & Pristiana, 2021). Majority muslim society, makes existence of sharia banks is certainly driven by the people who understand interest is usury which is prohibited by religion (Pasi, 2017). In Law No. 21 of 2008 is a consideration for the increase in the development of sharia banks, because it can be a clearer operational basis for sharia banks (Yuliana & Listari, 2021). Islamic banks use a profit-sharing system that relatively maintains its performance from the deposit rate which has an impact on operating expenses that are lower than conventional banks. Usury prohibition or interest is a comparison between sharia tires and conventional banks (Karo-Karo, 2022). In Law No. 8 of 2008, banks are required to maintain the level of bank health, because bank health is one of the indicators in bank performance that can be used as a measure for supervisory authorities in determining strategies prepared on the bank supervision process (Indriyani, 2019).
The research used SSB, CAR, FDR, NPF, and BOPO measures as independent variables and used ROA as a dependent variable. The covid-19 outbreak affected the stability of the financial performance ratio in Islamic banks, finance minister Sri Mulyani stated that there was a decline in financial assets and profitability as well as the risk of slowing and even negative growth of sharia banks (CNN Indonesia, 2020). Is with the decline in profitability in line with the theory of the relationship between profitability and financial ratios, this is a phenomenon in this study. The following is data on the movement of financial performance ratios in Islamic Commercial Banks from 2017 to 2021 as follows:  June, Vol.3,No.3, 2023: 681-700 683 Chart 1 above illustrates that there is a financial ratios that under goes changes and there is deviations with the theory of the relationship of the ratio of SSB, FDR, NPF, and BOPO to ROA. The ROA phenomenon fell in 2019-2020 from 1.73% to 1.40% or down 0.33%, with CAR and FDR not experiencing a deterrent different with the theory that says CAR and FDR have a positive effect on financial performance. The phenomenon concluded that not every empirical financial ratio in Islamic Commercial Banks is consistent with the theory.
In the policies and rules set by Islamic banks in ensuring that all activities have supervision so that activities can run according to add a standards, SSB has a role of supervision of operating activities at banks in accordance with the provisions of sharia principles. SSB in its operations must make reports in the form of periodic statements for guarantees that sharia banks supervised by SSB are in accordance with the rules or not, these statements are stated in the report book of the bank concerned Azizah & Erinos (2020). Research that links the role of SSB with ROA in Islamic banking includes research from Deswanto (2020), Shabrina et al. (2021), and Rahmatika (2017) that size of SSB members has a positive effect on ROA. Research by Eksandy (2018), Agustina (2020), Magdalena et al (2018) and Intia & Azizah (2021) stated that SSB size had no effect on ROA, while in the research Nurmalia & Ardana (2020), Nugroho (2020) and Afiska et al. (2021) SSB size negatively affects ROA.
According to Pravasanti (2018), the health of banks can be reflected when there is a decline and improvement in their financial statements, in order to reduce financial risks, a maximum and appropriate financial statement analysis is carried out. Such as in measuring the amount of capital liabilities calculated using the CAR ratio, and measuring the adequacy of bank capital to support assets that exist or pose risks, for example, credit provided by the bank. How many previous studies have linked CAR with ROA in Islamic banking, including research from Moorcy et al. (2020), Wibisono & Wahyuni (2017) and Setya et al. (2021) CAR has a positive effect on ROA. Research by Devi (2021), Nanda et al. (2019) and Gunawan et al. (2020) CAR has no effect on ROA, while in the research of Tulung (2018), Pinasti (2018) and Almunawwaroh & Marlina (2018) CAR negatively affects ROA.
According to Moorcy et al. (2020) the increasing FDR ratio is a feature of the development of sharia banks. Used to measure the liquidity of banks, FDR can demonstrate bank's ability for manage total assets owned by the bank in meeting financing requirements. The increase and fall of FDR in banks can certainly affect the profitability of banks. Previous research that linked FDR to ROA include the research of Devi (2021), Moorcy et al. (2020) and Almunawwaroh & Marlina (2018) FDR have positively affects ROA, the research Ristia (2018), Fadhilah & Suprayogi (2020) and Pertiwi & Suryaningsih (2018) FDR has no effect on ROA, while in the research of Wibisono & Wahyuni (2017), Pravasanti (2018), and Gunawan et al. (2020) FDR negatively affects ROA.
This research is a development of the research of Gunawan et al. (2020) The development of this study is to use the 2017-2021 period, and provide a wider scope, namely all sharia commercial banks in Indonesia, in contrast reference research which is only in the Bukopin Islamic bank. Previous research adding one variable, namely the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) which is measured by the size of members at the end of each year period, the number of SSB can show the ability of a bank to improve performance in increasing its profitability value by being proxied through ROA profitability. SSB is a differentiator between conventional banks and Islamic banks where SSB has an important job for supervising the activities of the bank to comply with sharia principles. The Sharia Supervisory Board is directly proportional the development of sharia banks, because the more there are, the better and more organized the supervision of the company's performance, and the management of the bank will be in accordance with sharia principles (Intia & Azizah, 2021).
Based on the above background and referring to previous researchers are interested to researching the "The Effect of Sharia Supervisiory Board Size and The Health Ratio of Bank Sharia to Profitability". The purpose of this research is carried out because there are still many differences from the results of research in the previous year on financial performance in Islamic banks, in addition to adding references to the development of the performance of Islamic banks which are currently starting to develop rapidly with the growth of assets, operational networks and market share of Islamic banking that continues to increase with new programs that attract public interest in using Islamic banking services and can also compete with conventional banking existing at the moment.

THEORETICAL REVIEW Sharia Enterprise Theory
The theory are believes that God as the main source of trust, where he is the absolute and sole owner. The resources owned by stakeholders are in principle only entrustments that contain the responsibility of using them in the purpose and manner set by Allah (Triyuwono, 2001). This is stated in QS. Al-Baqarah verse 254 which discusses lending or infringing property in the way of Allah with the intention of good loans and sincere intentions, then undoubtedly Allah multiplies the reply so that we are encouraged to infaq (Shakhrun et al. 2019).

Stewardship Theory
This theory describes situations where managers are not motivated by individual goals but by key outcomes for the benefit of the organization (Donaldson & Davis, 1991). Steward theory related to the funds obtained and then distributed by sharia banking financing products related to the ROA value, banks entrust their customers as stewards and manage funds that should be able to accommodate the interests of banks and customers based on service on behaviors that can cooperate in the organization (Ayu Kinanti & Purwohandoko, 2017) .

The effect of Sharia Supervisory Board on Return On Assets.
SSB is part of Good Corpoorate Governance, there is a sharia enterprise theory principle states that stakeholders as caliphs are given trust in order to manage all resources and be able to distribute them to all creature in advance of the earth fairly (Rostiani & Sukanta, 2019). The size of SSB is the number of sharia supervisors at the end of the year on annual period of shariah banks. The larger the size of the SSB, the higher the supervision carried out so that it can have an impact on the Islamic banking business in improving its performance (Herawati et al. 2019). Several previous studies have linked the size of SSB to have a positive effect on ROA, including Rahmatika (2017), Shabrina et al. (2021) and Deswanto (2020) based on the explanation above, the hypothesis states as follows: H1 : SSB positively affects ROA.

The effect of Capital Ratio Adequacy Ratio on Return On Assets
Profitability will increase when the CAR ratio in a company is high, the higher the CAR ratio will have a positive impact on profitability because banks can expand credit more freely and banks will also gain the trust of the public due to additional capital (Nadiroh & Suprihhadi, 2018). Sharia enterprise theory includes God, man, and nature. In this theory also includes people of direct and indirect interest (Prasaja, 2020). CAR has a positive effect on ROA has been proven in the research of Moorcy et al. (2020) and Nadiroh & Suprihhadi (2018). Based on the explanation above, the following hypothesis is states as follows: H2 : CAR positively affects ROA.

The effect of Financing to Deposit Ratio on Return On Assets
Putri,Fakhruddin,Santos,Inayati

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The increase in third-party funds will cause the financing to be higher, it can generate profits and increase the company's profitability. (Devi, 2021). The FDR ratio can reflect a bank ability to service short-term debt and pay deposit and fulfill credit requests in a timely manner (Pravasanti, 2018). stewardship theory on financing products, Islamic banks as principals entrust fund management to customers as trustees who ideally can consider all common interests (Setiawati et al. 2017). FDR has a positive impact on ROA as evidenced in the research of Devi (2021), Moorcy et al. (2020), and Nadiroh & Suprihhadi (2018). Based on the above, the hypothesis states as follows: H3: FDR positively affects ROA.

The effect of Non Performing Financing Ratio on Return On Assets
The more NPF levels in banks can reduce profitability because the funds channeled to financing, and other productive assets will become a loss burden and not generate income. The implication between NPF and ROA, the high NPF illustrates the bank's inability to evaluate before disbursing financing to debtors (Moorcy et al. 2020). In stewardship theory, banks as servants are in charge of managing and channeling funds from customers through financing. Banks get these funds from savings, current accounts, and deposit from the public from the funds distributed will certainly affect profitability (Amajida & Muthaher, 2020). NPF negatively affects ROA has been proven in the research of Yundi & Sudarsono (2018), Pravasanti (2018), and Moorcy et al. (2020). Based on the above, the hypothesis states as follows: H4: NPF negatively affects ROA.

The effect BOPO to Return On Assets
The lower BOPO ratio shows how bank's effiction of all operational activities. Operating efficiency is calculated by comparing total operating costs with its total operating income. BOPO is a ratio to measure management's ability to control its operational costs (Khamisah et al. 2020). The low BOPO value describes that the bank is already efficient in incurring the operational costs of the bank concerned, which has an impact on the possibility of problem getting smaller (Dini & Manda, 2020). Each increase in BOPO profit before tax is reduced which can have an impact on the decrease in ROA (Wibisono & Wahyuni, 2017). Steward ship the theory that managers are not focused on motivations personal rather on the interests of organization. Then in all fund management activities are carried out with a mandate and uphold a sense of responsibility in their management (Choirudin & Praptoyo, 2017). BOPO negatively affects ROA as evidenced in the study, Wibisono & Wahyuni (2017), Setya et al. (2021), and Anindiyansyah et al. (2020). Based on the description above, the hypothesis states as follows: H5: BOPO negatively affects ROA.

Types of research and data
The type of research used is quantitative research. The data used in this study is secondary data contained in the annual report obtained on the Financial Services Authority website or the company's official website.

Population and Sample
The population in this study is all Sharia Commercial Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority. The sample used in this study is Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority for the 2017-2021 period. The sample determination procedure uses the purposive sampling method or with predetermined criteria. The sampling criteria in this study were as follows: 1.
Sharia commercial banks that publish annual financial statements for the 2017-2021 period both on the Financial Services Authority website and on the company's official website.

2.
Sharia commercial banks that have complete data related to the variables needed in the research on the annual financial statements for the 2017-2021 period.

Definition of Variable Operational Dependent Variable Return On Assets
The high ROA value indicates the high profitability of a bank which will reflect that a bank's financial performance is getting better. ROA is used to analyze the profitability of a company (Wahyuni et al. 2018). ROA is used to measure the ability of management to manage funds invested in assets that can generate profits in obtaining net profit (Zulkarnaen, 2018).

Independent Variable Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB)
SSB has the obligation to supervise the operational activities of Islamic banks to continue to run in accordance with the principles of Islamic rules (Ilyas, 2020). SSB provides advice to the board of directors and oversees bank's operational. In 2009, Bank Indonesia stipulated that the number of SSB members should be at least two people and a maximum of 50% (fifty percent) of members of the board of directors (Shabrina, 2021).

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
The higher CAR ratio can reflect state of the bank is good. CAR is used to measure the capital adequacy of banks while increasing potentially risky assets (Munir, 2018) CAR follows the principle that any investment that is at risk it must comparable to investment, because the high value of CAR has a good impact on its capital position (Pravasanti, 2018).

Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR)
Higher FDR ratio figures indicate that the bank is illiquid, FDR is a measure of the bank's liquidity to meet its short-term obligations and pay off its depositors (Pravasanti, 2018). FDR was determined by comparing the amount of funds provided and public funds raised which included current accounts, time deposits, and savings (Fadhilah & Suprayogi, 2020).

Non Performing Financing (NPF)
The higher NPF ratio indicates low bank performance because it can be concluded that there is a lot of problematic financing (Kuswahariani et al. 2020). NPF is used in measuring the credit that has been given and can confirm the management skills of the problem credit manage (Syakhrun et al. 2019).

Operating Expenses per Operating Income (BOPO)
In sharia banks, BOPO feeds the efficiency ratio when it assesses the expertise of managers in managing and managing operational costs. The low BOPO level can be concluded that the bank is in good condition and performance (Khamisah et al. 2020). BOPO is calculated by the total amount of interest expense and total other operating expenses divided by the total amount of interest income and total other operating income (Nanda et al. 2019).

Method of Data Analysis
The data analysis method used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis model. A multiple linear regression analysis model is a relationship between two or more variables. Free variables (X1, X2, X3,... Xn) with the bound variable (Y). The tests used are classical assumption tests (normality test, multicholinearity test, heteroskedasticity test, and autocorrelation test), determination coefficient test, F test and T test.
Multiple linear analysis is known using the formula: ROA = α + β1 SSB + β2CAR + β3FDR + β4 NPF + β 5BOPO + ε Description: ROA = Estimation of dependent variable ROA α = Constant of the regression equation β1 = DPS independent variable coefficient β2 = CAR independent variable coefficient β3 = FDR independent variable coefficient β4 = NPF independent variable coefficient β5 = Coefficient of independent variable BOPO ε = Residual or Prediction Error The results of the descriptive statistic test on table 2, using 55 data samples during the 2017-2021 period that have been studied, it is known that the lowest ROA value is -10.70 and the highest value is 13.60 and the average value is 1.5582 or 1.6% which can be interpreted as the ROA value in Islamic banking quite good, because in Bank Indonesia regulation No. 13/1/PBI/2011, that a good ROA is more than 1.5% (Rohmiati et al. 2019).

Data Analysis
SSB has the lowest value of 2 people and the highest value of 4 people and the average value of 2 people can be interpreted that the average number of SSB members has met the provisions of OJK regulation No. 30/POJK.05/2014 concerning good corporate governance for finance companies, that the size of SSB members consists of one sharia expert as chairman assisted by one or more persons as members (Shabrina, 2021).
CAR has the lowest value of 11.51 and the highest value of 58.27 with an average value of 25.1956 or 25% which can be interpreted to mean that the average value of CAR in Islamic banking is considered quite good because it exceeds 8%, the Bank for International Settlement requires all banks in Indonesia to provide a minimum of 8% of the capital to risk weighted assets CAR (Almunawwaroh & Marlina, 2018).
FDR has the lowest value of 38.33 and the highest value of 196.73 with an average value of 86.2027 or 86% which means that FDR's average value in Islamic banking is considered ideal because according to the Indonesian Islamic Banking Association that FDR's ideal value is 80%-90%. While the FDR tolerance limit is around 100% (Anggraini & Mawardi, 2020).
NPF has the lowest value of 0.01 and the highest value of 22.04 with an average value of 2.7646 or 2.8% which means that the average NPF value in Islamic banking is considered good Bank Indonesia found that a good NPF of less than 5% high NPF value can affect reduced profitability (Almunawwaroh & Marlina, 2018).
Operating Expenses have the lowest value of 58.07 and the highest value of 217.40 with an average value of 95.5973 or 96% which means that the average value of BOPO in Islamic banking is considered bad, BOPO as a ratio that reflects the efficiency of operational costs in banks, and in the provisions of Bank Indonesia regulation No. 13/1/PBI/2011, that a good BOPO ratio standard ranges from 80% (Rohmiati et al. 2019).  Table 3. Normality test results (source processed from spss 25) From table 3 of the normality test above, it shows that out of 55 samples in the descriptive statistical test, 46 samples remain. All variables are distributed in a mixed manner because the asymptotic significance value of 0.200 is more than 0.05.  Table 6. Autocorrelation test results (source processed from spss 25) Table 5 of the autocorrelation test above can be seen that there are no autocorrelation symptoms because Dw is located between (dU< Dw< 4-dU) or 1.7748< 1.832<2.2252. then Ho is rejected t count CAR is smaller than t count which is -3.496< 2.021. Sig 0.001< 0.05 with a value of B -0.019 then Ho is rejected. FDR calculated t value is smaller than t's, which is 1,350< 2,021. Sig value is 0.185> 0.005 then Ho is accepted. t count NPF is smaller than t table which is -4.466< 2.021. N significant values 0.000< 0.0 05 with a value of B -0.080 so Ho is rejected. The value of t calculated BOPO smaller t table -18.430< 2.021. A significant value of 0.00 0< 0.0 05 with a value of B -0.107 then Ho is rejected.

Test Classical Assumptions
Its concluded that partially variables SSB, CAR, NPF and BOPO have a negative and significant effect on ROA, while the FDR variable partially have no effect on ROA.

DISCUSSION
Variable SSB negatively affects the variable ROA. SSB is negative, the hypothesis is positive then H1 is rejected. This is contrary to the Sharia Enterprise theory that God is the sole owner and the resources that exist in the stakeholders are the mandate of trust from God followed by the responsibility therein to use with the purpose set by the trustee. The application of sharia enterprise can make financial performance good because banks keep their operational activities based on sharia principles (Syakhrun et al. 2019). This result shows that the more SSB members in Islamic banks, the more profitability will decrease. In descriptive statistical research, it shows that the average number of SSB members exceeding two in each Islamic bank causes a decrease in profitability, due to the large number of SSB in OJK regulation No. 30/POJK.05/2014 concerning good corporate governance for finance companies, that the number of SSB members consists of one sharia expert as chairman with the help of by one or more persons as members. The results of this study support the research Nurmalia & Ardana (2020) and Afiska et al. (2021) with DPS results negatively affecting profitability (ROA).
Variable CAR has a negative effect on the variable ROA, CAR is negative while the hypothesis is positive then H2 is rejected. This is contrary to sharia theory as a leader given trust the mandate to manage resources and distribute them fairly to all beings (Triyuwono, 2001) High CAR In the period 2017-2021 did not lead to increased profitability. Judging from the empirical conditions in Islamic banks that have been studied, Islamic banks have an average CAR value of 23.2% with regulations on bank Indonesia which stipulate the value of CAR must above 8% which spurs banks to always run on gap CAR owned consistently in accordance with applicable regulatory provisions and less optimize existing funds (Almunawwaroh & Marlina, 2018). Result of this research supports the research Pinasti (2018) and Almunawwaroh & Marlina (2018) with negative CAR results on profitability (ROA).
The FDR variable has no effect on the ROA variable while the proposed of the FDR variable has a positive effect on ROA then H3 is rejected. This result is contrary to the stewardship theory developed in Islamic bank financing products as the principal entrusts fund management to customers as trustees who ideally can consider all common interests (Setiawati et al. 2017). The FDR ratio describes the ability of banks to meet financing requests using their total assets, so a high FDR value can affect the acquisition of increasing profitability. The results of FDR's study have no effect on ROA tending to be reversed (Ristia, 2018). The results of FDR's research have not had any influence on ROA also found in studies Fadhilah & Suprayogi (2020) and Pertiwi & Suryaningsih (2018) which states FDR has no effect on ROA.
The NPF variable negatively affects the ROA variable, while the proposed hypothesis is NPF has a negative influence on ROA then H4 is accepted. These results are supported by the steward's theory that management is not motivated by individual goals but rather by the results of individual interests. The high level of NPF value can affect the decline in profitability. The possibility of the debtor failing to fulfill obligations to the bank at maturity is a factor of the high NPF in the bank, because the NPF ratio is used to find out non-performing financing, one of which is bad debts. The high ratio NPF can also lead to larger reserves, causing capital to decrease. The results of this study support the research Yundi & Sudarsono (2018).
The BOPO variable negatively affects the ROA variable, and the hypothesis proposed by BOPO has a negative influence on ROA then H5 is accepted. The results of this study are supported by the stewardship theory that managers are not focused on individual motivations but rather on the interests of the organization. So in all fund management activities are carried out with a mandate and uphold a sense of responsibility in their management. The use of costs must be considered and the use must be more efficient, because if the BOPO ratio increases but has a negative influence, it is usually caused by high costs and low income in interest income from investment (Setya et al. 2021). The results of this study support the research Wibisono & Wahyuni (2017) and Anindiyansyah et al. (2020) with negative BOPO results on profitability (ROA).

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The amount of SSB partially negatively and significantly affects the ROA of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

CAR partially negatively affects and significantly affects ROA in Islamic
Commercial Banks in Indonesia. 3. FDR has no effect on the ROA of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. 4. NPF partially negatively and significantly affects the ROA of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

BOPO partially negatively and significantly affects the ROA of Islamic
Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

FURTHER STUDY
The results of the t test show empirically that the FDR variable has no effect on ROA, which means that this study has not been able to fulfill the proposed hypothesis, so suggestions for further research are expected to reexamine the linkage of the FDR variable to ROA.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Complite this research as a sign of gratitude who support this research