Beyond Belief: A Quantitative Investigation on the Spiritual Well-Being and Intelligence Among College Students

Francis Angelo B. Piscos; Bryan Kim C. Dajero; Fremativo A. Vergara; Evan P. Taja-on

doi:10.55927/ijcet.v3i4.10701

Authors

Francis Angelo B. Piscos Arts and Sciences Department, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Bryan Kim C. Dajero Arts and Sciences Department, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Fremativo A. Vergara Arts and Sciences Department, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon,
Evan P. Taja-on Education Department, San Isidro College, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcet.v3i4.10701

Keywords:

Christian Education, Religious Formation, Spiritual Intelligence, Spiritual Well-Being

Abstract

Spiritual well-being fosters life satisfaction, emotional strength, and compassion, while spiritual intelligence applies spiritual wisdom to daily life. Research on spiritual well-being, especially the influence of spiritual intelligence, remains limited. The study employed a descriptive correlation design and stratified random sampling to survey the spiritual well-being and intelligence of 735 college students from a Catholic institution in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. The study found a high level of spiritual well-being and intelligence, suggesting strong engagement with spiritual practices. However, the study found a weak positive correlation between the spirituality index of well-being and spiritual intelligence but a strong positive correlation between spiritual well-being and spiritual intelligence, highlighting the complex relationship between these constructs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdollahzadeh, H., Bagherpoor, M., Mehrabi, S., & Lotfi, M. (2009). The 29-item Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire. In: Spiritual Intelligence: Concepts, Measurements and Its Applications. Tehran: Ravansanji Publications.

Baring, R. (2018). Emerging transitions in the meaning of religious constructs: The case of the Philippines. Religions, 9(12), 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9120387

Basileyo, A. E. (2019). Spirituality and psychological well-being: The mediating role pessimism. LPU-Laguna Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(3), 26-41.

Bautista, J. (2021). On the personhood of sacred objects: Agency, materiality and popular devotion in the Roman Catholic Philippines. Religions, 12(7), 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070454

Borges, C. C., Dos Santos, P. R., Alves, P. M., Borges, R. C. M., Lucchetti, G., Barbosa, M. A., ... & Fernandes, M. R. (2021). Association between spirituality/religiousness and quality of life among healthy adults: a systematic review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01878-7

Bual, J., & Madrigal, D. (2018). The quality of Catholic education in a diocesan school relative to the Philippine Catholic school standards. Philippine Social Science Journal, 1(1), 41-53.

Buenconsejo, J. U., & Datu, J. A. D. (2023). Mere religiosity is not enough! Spirituality strengthens the relations between religiosity and positive youth development. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 33(4), 1304-1319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12878

Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical considerations in research. In The Praxis of English Language Teaching and Learning (PELT) (pp. 55-73). Brill.

Calamba, P. C., & Magallanes, C. I. (2023). Spiritual well-being and resilience of emerging adults of a Catholic College in Central Negros. Technium Social Science Journal, 41, 169-183.

Capucao, D. D. (2021). The future challenges of secularization to Asian Christianity and theology. Scientia-The International Journal on the Liberal Arts, 10(1), 30-51.

Capucao, D. D., Ponce, R. P., & Carm, O. (2019). Individualism and Salvation: An Empirical-Theological Exploration of Attitudes Among the Filipino Youth and Its Challenges to Filipino Families. Scientia-The International Journal on the Liberal Arts, 8(1), 19-52.

Cena, J. B., & Bual, J. M. (2021). Spiritual well-being of senior high school students of Philippine public schools. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(4), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i4.446

Clark, C. C., & Hunter, J. (2019). Spirituality, spiritual well-being, and spiritual coping in advanced heart failure: Review of the literature. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 37(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010118761401

Collins, P. (1998). New Age Spirituality. The Furrow, 49(2), 91-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27663593

Curtis, E. A., Comiskey, C., & Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse researcher, 23(6), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2016.e1382

Daaleman, T.P. & Frey, B.B. (2004). The spirituality index of well-being: A new instrument for health-related Quality-of-life research. Annals of Family Medicine, 2(5), 499-503. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.89

Edwards, L., Bretherton, R., Gresswell, M., & Sabin-Farrell, R. (2020). The relationship between social support, spiritual well-being, and depression in Christian clergy: a systematic literature review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(10), 857-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1838459

Entegro, E. A., & Del Castillo, F. (2021). Spiritual Well-Being of Selected Filipino Adolescence: Relevance to Religious Education. Sustainable Development, 9(1), 100-107.

Gomez, E. C. (2024). Impact of values education in daily lives of students: A qualitative study. Southeast Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(1). https://cmc.edu.ph/research/index.php/journals/article/view/161

Goulet-Cazé, M. O. (2019). Cynicism and Christianity in antiquity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.

Ilyas, I. F., & Chu, X. (2019). Data cleaning. Morgan & Claypool.

Indriastuti, D., & Fachrunnisa, O. (2024). Complementing Self-Determination Theory: Need for Spirituality to Enhance Work Engagement. Change Management: An International Journal, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-798X/CGP/v24i01/1-26

Koyuncu, N., & Kadilar, C. (2009). Ratio and product estimators in stratified random sampling. Journal of statistical planning and inference, 139(8), 2552-2558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2008.11.009

Legada, E. L., Madrigal, D. V., & Maravilla, M. W. M. (2020). Spiritual well-being and resiliency of the diocesan seminarians of Antique. Philippine Social Science Journal, 3(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i1.124

Lipat, D. D., Espinol, S. M. T., Maranan, C. R., & Manalo, R. M. Q. (2022). Resilience, hope, and forgiveness among college students. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (MyRes), 48-69. https://doi.org/10.26803/MyRes.2022.05

Loyola, L. (2022). Understanding Holistic Development and Wellness: Experiences and Perspectives of Filipino Student Leaders. Journal of Research Initiatives, 6(1), 6. https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/jri/vol6/iss1/6

Macaranas, J. R. G. (2021). Understanding folk religiosity in the Philippines. Religions, 12(10), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12100800

Madrigal, D. V., Erillo, R. P., & Oracion, E. G. (2020). Religiosity and spiritual well-being of senior high school students of a Catholic college in the Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 8(1), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2008.01.06

Mergal, V. C., Mediante, S. B., Orbon, M. C., Gumarao, M. S., Balila, J. S., Fajanilan, L. M., ... & Balila, E. A. (2019). Social support, spirituality and psychological wellbeing of working students. In Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference, 7(1), 881-900. https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.924

Moberg, D.O. (1984). Subjective measures of spiritual well-being. Review of Religious Research, 25(4), 351-364. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3511368

Natividad, M. L. C. (2018). Imagination: A key to religious education methodology. Asian Horizons, 12(04), 647-659. https://dvkjournals.in/index.php/ah/article/view/2408

Nicomedes, C. J., Gamad, M. J., Dinglasa, J. V., Mañas, J., & Patricio, L. A. (2020). An Exploration of Filipino Resilience of Young Adults in the 21st Century. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13317.63200

Oracion, E. G., & Madrigal, D. V. (2019). Catholic identity and spiritual well-being of students in a Philippine Catholic University. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1907.02.04

Pascual, E. A. (2022). Correlates of Spiritual Intelligence and Academic Performance. International Journal of Research Publications, 94(1), 11-11. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP100941220222798

Paul Victor, C. G., & Treschuk, J. V. (2020). Critical literature review on the definition clarity of the concept of faith, religion, and spirituality. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 38(1), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119895368

Peracullo, J. C., Baring, R. V., Erasga, D. S., de la Rosa Garcia, L., & Ubaldo, L. R. (2019). The Sacred experiences of Filipino youth. In: Arweck, E., Shipley, H. (eds) Young People and the Diversity of (Non)Religious Identities in International Perspective. Boundaries of Religious Freedom: Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies, 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16166-8_8

Schneider, K. J., Pierson, J. F., & Bugental, J. F. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of humanistic psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Sage Publications.

Söylemez, A., & Koç, M. (2019). Studying spiritual intelligence as a predictor on meaningfulness and life satisfaction. Spiritual Psychology and counseling, 4(2), 109-122.

Trungpa, C. (2021). Cynicism and magic: intelligence and intuition on the Buddhist path. Shambhala Publications.

Van Selm, M., & Jankowski, N. W. (2006). Conducting online surveys. Quality and quantity, 40, 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8081-8

Walker, A. C., Hathcoat, J. D., Munoz, R. T., Ferguson, C. E., & Dean, T. G. (2021). Self-Determination Theory and perceptions of spiritual growth. Christian Higher Education, 20(4), 240-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15363759.2020.1806142