Evolutionary Biology and Drug Development

Rehan Haider

doi:10.55927/ijis.v2i6.4392

Authors

Rehan Haider Riggs Pharmaceutical Karachi, Department of Pharmacy, University of Karachi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v2i6.4392

Keywords:

Adaptive Design, Biomarkers, Cancer, Evolution, Genetics, Innovation

Abstract

Evolution is the unifying framework in biology and scales to all dwelling systems. It is the central organizing questioning to grant clarification for reputedly disparate herbal phenomena; from the very small (individual molecules) to the very large (ecosystems), from the upward push and unfold of molecular editions to the habits and physique shapes of elephants. In modern times, our maintain shut for evolution in medicinal pills has acquired momentum. Individuals have championed the cause, dedicated journals have emerged, and new books on the trouble are often posted (“The Evolution and Medicine Review” is an terrific web-based advisable useful resource presenting up to date information on the subject, http://evmedreview.com). This union between evolution and cure has already most fulfilled our hold close of pathological techniques (Maccallum, 2007, Nesse & Stearns, 2008). Drug enchancment and therapeutic strategies are areas in which evolutionary standards would perchance moreover be specially helpful. The avalanche of bioinformatic methods, genomic data, and the subsequent emergence of evolutionary genomics in the ultimate few many years propose that integrating these fields into drug graphs is now a possibility. Incorporating evolutionary documents is now not completely really useful a posteriori when we might also moreover in addition hope to apprehend why resistance to a special compound emerged. It is in addition treasured a priori, to structure increased efficacious drugs, suggest possible resistance profiles and conceptualize novel therapeutic strategies

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

MacCullum, C.J. (2007) Does medicinal drug without evolution make sense? PLoS Biology, 5, 679-680.

Paul, S.M., Mytelka, D.S., Dunwiddie, C.T., Persinger, C.C., Munos, B.H., Lindborg, S.R. & Schacht, A.L. (2010) How to decorate R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry's grand challenge. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9, 203-14

Brown, D. & Superti-Furga, G. (2003) Rediscovering the sweet spot in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today, 8, 1067-77.

Bunnage, M.E. (2011) Getting pharmaceutical R&D once more on target. Nat Chem Biol, 7, 335-9.

Cressey, D. (2011) Traditional drug-discovery model ripe for reform. Nature, 471, 17-8.

Littman, B.H. (2011) An goal target market with Francis Collins. Nature Rev Drug Discov, 10, 14.

Swinney, D.C. & Anthony, J. (2011) How had been new capsules discovered? Nat Rev Drug Discov, 10, 507-19.

Brown, D. & Superti-Furga, G. (2003) Rediscovering the sweet spot in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today, 8, 1067-77

Li, W.H. (2006) Molecular evolution. Sinauer Press, ISBN 0878934804, Sunderland.

Felsenstein, J. (2004) Inferring phylogenies. Sinauer Ass, ISBN 087893775, Sunderland.

Li, W.H. (2006) Molecular evolution. Sinauer Press, ISBN 0878934804, Sunderland.

Searls, D.B. (2003) Pharmacophylogenomics: genes, evolution and drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2, 613-23.

Yang, Z. & Nielsen, R. (2000) Estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution expenses under sensible evolutionary models. Mol Biol Evol, 17, 32-43

Nedelcu, A.M., Driscoll, W.W., Durand, P.M., Herron, M.D. & Rashidi, A. (2011) On the paradigm of altruistic suicide in the unicellular world. Evolution, 65, 3-20.

Uren, A.G., O'Rourke, K., Aravind, L.A., Pisabarro, M.T., Seshagiri, S., Koonin, E.V. & Dixit, V.M. (2000) Identification of paracaspases and metacaspases: two historic households of caspase-like proteins, one of which performs a key role in MALT lymphoma. Mol Cell, 6, 961-7.

Sowa, M.E., He, W., Wensel, T.G. & Lichtarge, O. (2000) A regulator of G protein signaling interaction flooring linked to effector specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 14838

Slep, K.C., Kercher, M.A., He, W., Cowan, C.W., Wensel, T.G. & Sigler, P.B. (2001) Structural determinants for regulation of phosphodiesterase with the aid of a G protein at two A. Nature, 409, 1071-7.

Yang, Z. (2007) PAML 4: phylogenetic comparison via the use of most likelihood. Mol Biol Evol, 24, 1586-91.

Durand, P.M., Rashidi, A. & Michod, R.E. (2011) How an organism dies influences the fitness of its neighbors. Am Nat, 177, 224-32.

Danchin, E., Charmantier, A., Champagne, F.A., Mesoudi, A., Pujol, B. & Blanchet, S. (2011) Beyond DNA: integrating inclusive inheritance into a extended precept of evolution. Nat Rev Genet, 12, 475-86.

Earl, D.J. & Deem, M.W. (2004) Evolvability is a selectable trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 11531-6.

Leroi, A.M., Bennett, A.F. & Lenski, R.E. (1994) Temperature acclimation and aggressive fitness: an experimental test of the advocated acclimation assumption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 1917-21.

Bell, G. & Reboud, X. (1997) Experimental evolution in Chlamydomonas II. The genetic model in strongly contrasted environments. Heredity, 78, 498-506.

Creavin, T. (2004) Evolvability: Implications for drug design. Drug Discov Today, 3, 178

Bebenek, K., Abbotts, J., Wilson, S.H. & Kunkel, T.A. (1993) Error-prone polymerization through HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Contribution of template-primer misalignment, miscoding, and termination threat to mutational heat spots. J Biol Chem, 268, 10324-34.

Reece, S.E., Ramiro, R.S. & Nussey, D.H. (2009) Plastic parasites: present day strategies for survival and reproduction? Evol Appl, 2, 11-23.

Keller, L.K. (1999) Levels of the selection in evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

Maynard Smith, J. & Száthmary, E. (1995) The critical transitions in evolution. W. H. Freeman, ISBN 019850294X, San Francisco

Thompson, N.S. (2000) Shifting the natural selection metaphor to the crew level. Behavior and Philosophy, 28, 83-101.

Fisher, R.A. (1930) The genetical precept of natural selection. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Pepper, J.W. (2008) Defeating pathogen drug resistance: coaching from evolutionary theory. Evolution, 62, 3185-91.

Pepper, J.W., Scott Findlay, C., Kassen, R., Spencer, S.L. & Maley, C.C. (2009) Cancer search for meets evolutionary biology. Evol Appl, 2, 62-70.

Wessler, S.A., Diggle, S.P., Buckling, A., Gardner, A. & Griffin, A.S. (2007) The social lives of microbes. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 38, 53-77.

Kerbel, R.S. (1991) Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as a technique to keep away from bought resistance to anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Bioessays, 13, 31-6.

Boehm, T., Folkman, J., Browder, T. & O'Reilly, M.S. (1997) Antiangiogenic treatment of experimental most cancers does no longer set off obtained drug resistance. Nature, 390, 404-7.

Bhakdi, S. & Tranum-Jensen, J. (1991) Alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Rev, 55, 733-51.

Nedelcu, A.M., Driscoll, W.W., Durand, P.M., Herron, M.D. & Rashidi, A. (2011) On the paradigm of altruistic suicide in the unicellular world. Evolution, 65, 3-20.

Fabrizio, P., Battistella, L., Vardavas, R., Gattazzo, C., Liou, L.L., Diaspro, A., Dossen, J.W., Gralla, E.B. & Longo, V.D. (2004) Superoxide is a mediator of an altruistic developing historic software in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol, 166, 1055-67.

Durand, P.M., Naidoo, K. & Coetzer, T.L. (2008) Evolutionary patterning: a novel technique to the identification of manageable drug purpose web sites in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One, 3, e3685.

Uren, A.G., O'Rourke, K., Aravind, L.A., Pisabarro, M.T., Seshagiri, S., Koonin, E.V. & Dixit, V.M. (2000) Identification of paracaspases and metacaspases: two historical households of caspase-like proteins, one of which performs a key role in MALT lymphoma. Mol Cell, 6, 961-7.

van Zandbergen, G., Bollinger, A., Wenzel, A., Kamhawi, S., Voll, R., Klinger, M., Muller, A., Holscher, C., Herrmann, M., Sacks, D., Solbach, W. & Laskay, T. (2006) Leishmania ailment enchancment depends upon on the presence of apoptotic promastigotes in the virulent inoculum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 13837-42.

Chen, L., Park, S.M., Tumanov, A.V., Hau, A., Sawada, K., Feig, C., Turner, J.R., Fu, Y.X., Romero, I.L., Lengyel, E. & Peter, M.E. (2010) CD95 promotes tumor growth. Nature, 465, 492-6.

Durand, P.M., Rashidi, A. & Michod, R.E. (2011) How an organism dies influences the fitness of its neighbors. Am Nat, 177, 224-32.