Barriers to Social Security Access for Informal Workers: A Case Study of Informal Workers in Medan from the Perspective of Structuration Theory

Abstract

This study aims to understand the barriers faced by informal workers in accessing social security in Medan City. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach and Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory, the research explores the dynamics between individual agency and the social structures that influence informal workers’ decisions to participate—or not—in state-run social security programs. The findings reveal that structural barriers, such as limited access to information, complex bureaucracy, and negative perceptions of government programs, significantly affect informal workers’ participation. On the other hand, individual agency—shaped by life experiences, work relationships, and economic constraints—further reinforces their vulnerability to social exclusion within the social security system. This study recommends the implementation of community-based interventions and inclusive policies to expand equitable and sustainable social security coverage.