Child protection is essential because children are the most vulnerable members of society, and they can live in peace. Children who are neglected by their families or society will be disrupted in their growth and development, both physically, mentally, and socially. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the rights of Children in the Face of the Law (ABH) in the Cirebon Class 1A State Prison. This study uses a normative juridical approach. Data was collected through a literature study of the Law and interviews with Cirebon Class IA State Prison officers. The study's findings show that several rights of Children in Conflict with the Law (ABH) have been met, including services such as decent food, bedding, worship, and legal assistance, as well as health care, informal education, and guidance. However, the right to training is still not optimally fulfilled due to the limitations of available facilities and programs. Implementing the SPPA Law is very important to ensure humane treatment, access to education, and skills training for ABH. This research emphasizes the need to improve facilities and develop training programs to support the development of ABH during the detention period. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which guarantees humane treatment and access to education and skills training for ABH, must be implemented to the maximum extent.
A child is someone who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years old, including a child who is still living in his parents' house. A child is the generation that builds and succeeds the nation, or a generation that is seen as the subject of a development project that stretches in the history of a country and not specifically Indonesia. According to R.A Kosnan "children are young human beings at a young age in their soul and life journey because they are easily influenced by the surrounding circumstances (Koesnan, 2005). Children need to be taken seriously. In order for a child to grow up to be a useful person, the rights inherent in him must be upheld and protected. Child protection is essential because children are the most vulnerable members of society and they have the ability to live in peace. Children who are neglected by their families or society will be disrupted in their growth and development both physically, mentally and socially (Ghifari & Subekti, 2022). Child protection in this way is one of the components of the implementation of Human Rights. The form of protection for children in conflict with the law is reflected in the basis of the enactment of the Law on the juvenile justice system, which includes the principle of interest for children, the principle of deprivation of independence and the rule of law as a last resort; and the principle of avoidance of retaliation (Article 2 of Law No. 11 of 2012) (Waluyadi & Kartina, 2021).
In the development of the application of criminal law in Indonesia, the existence of children who commit crimes or criminal acts, commonly known as "children", is still processed legally. This happens because the child's crime has caused losses to other parties both materially and live. However, on the other hand, law enforcement against child crimes poses problems because the perpetrators of the crime are children who are legally incompetent. Thus, it can be said that law enforcement to children sometimes ignores the age limit of children (Yusuf, 2022).
Seeing the increase and spread of factors that affect child crime, the punishment of children must be adjusted to existing social conditions. Therefore, the implementation of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System is a fairly comprehensive legal step, by paying attention to the psychological aspects and psychological development of children who live in an era of globalization that is increasingly irregular in terms of morality. Children are not to be punished but must be given guidance and coaching, so that they can grow and develop as normal children who are healthy and fully intelligent. Children as prospective generations of the nation's next generation who are still in the period of physical and mental development. Children are not to be punished but must be given guidance and coaching, so that they can grow and develop as normal children who are healthy and fully intelligent. Children as the future generation of the nation who are still in the period of physical and mental development (Yusuf, 2022).
The most basic essence of children is the right to the family environment, alternative parenting, basic health, welfare, education, the use of free time, and cultural activities and protection of children. The fulfillment of children's rights is the foundation and capital of children as the buds of the nation that have
potential and the younger generation to succeed the ideals of the nation's struggle to participate in building Indonesia into a sovereign, advanced, just and prosperous country. Therefore, there should not be a child who is neglected in obtaining his rights wherever he is, and no matter his condition, including children with disabilities or children who are facing the law/criminal children because these children also have the same rights in various fields of life, as the next generation of the nation, children must be given the widest opportunity to get their rights, including in this case correctional students. If the rights of the child are not fulfilled, then the growth and development and universal rights of the child have also been determined through the United Nations General Assembly (hereinafter abbreviated as the United Nations) on November 20, 1959, by proclaiming the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, with which the declaration is expected of all parties, both individuals, parents, social organizations, governments and communities, to recognize the rights of the child and encourage their implementation. The ten principles of children's rights according to the declaration are:
First principle: Every child shall enjoy all the rights enumerated in this declaration without exception, without distinction, and discrimination;
The second principle: Every child should enjoy special protection, should be given opportunities and facilities by law or by other tools so that they are able to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually, and socially in a healthy and normal manner;
Third principle: Every child from birth must have a name and national identity;
The fourth principle: every child must enjoy the benefits of social security;
Fifth principle: Every child with a physical, mental, and social disability must be given special treatment, education, and maintenance according to his or her condition;
Sixth principle: Every child for his full and balanced personal development needs affection and attention;
The seventh principle: Every child must receive education for free and on the basis of compulsory learning;
Eighth principle: Every child in any situation should receive the first protection and assistance;
Ninth principle: Every child must be protected from every form of neglect, acts of violence, and exploitation;
Tenth principle: Every child should be protected from any practice of discrimination based on race, religion, and other forms of discrimination (Loppies et al., 2024).
Regardless of its relation to the implementation of obligations that have been guaranteed through law or regulation. The fulfillment of child protection rights is very important to understand and carry out to ensure that children can grow and develop optimally. The importance of understanding and implementing the fulfillment of children's rights is the main foundation to ensure that every child has optimal opportunities in the process of growing and
developing. The obligation to fulfill the rights of the child is inclusive, without exception, with reference to the fundamental principles of the child's rights, such as non-discrimination, emphasis on the best interests of the child, guarantee of survival and development, and respect for the opinion of the child (Apriarso et al., 2023).
Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System regulates the entire process of resolving child cases that are in conflict with the law, starting from the investigation stage to the guidance stage after serving a sentence. The purpose of the Child Criminal Justice System with an important individual development paradigm is to emphasize the problems faced by the perpetrator, not on the deeds/losses that result.
The imposition of sanctions in the juvenile criminal justice system with the paradigm of individual development, is irrelevant, incidental and generally inappropriate (Pramukti & Primaharsy1, 2018) . This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of the rights of Children Facing the Law (ABH) in the Cirebon Class 1A State Prison.
This study analyzes the fulfillment of the rights of children detained in the Class II B Serang Detention Center (Rutan). The focus of this study is on the rights that must be fulfilled for children involved in legal matters, in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The results of the study show that the Class II B Serang Detention Center has tried to fulfill the basic rights of detained children, such as the right to live, develop, get protection, and participate. However, the implementation of programs that support the fulfillment of children's rights still needs to be improved. Law Number 11 of 2012 emphasizes the importance of restorative justice and diversion approaches to prevent children from becoming entangled in the conventional justice process and avoid negative stigma. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child also serves as an important basis for protecting children in special situations, including those facing the law. The fulfillment of the rights of detained children is the responsibility of the state, which must be realized through humane treatment, the provision of special escort officers, adequate facilities, and the protection of their identity from the news (Ghifari & Subekti, 2022).
This study aims to evaluate the fulfillment of children's rights in detention centers, especially in Depok Class I Prison. The research method used is empirical juridical, which involves data analysis through interviews and observations. The findings of the study show that the rights of detained children have not been fully fulfilled, especially in the aspects of education, health, and activities that are still far from ideal standards. This situation is exacerbated by the number of detainees that exceed capacity and lack of adequate staff, which hinders supervision and child development, coupled with the absence of a Special Child Development Institution (LPKA) in the Depok area. Legal
protection for detained children is regulated in various laws and regulations, including Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System and Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The principles of child protection include non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, the right to life, survival, development, and respect for the child's opinion.
Coaching for children in detention must be based on societal principles, such as providing life skills, avoiding torture, providing guidance, and not separating them from society (Akbar, 2023).
This study uses the normative juridical approach method. The data used are secondary data as the main data and also primary data as supporting data. The data collection technique was carried out by means of literature study for secondary data and interviews for primary data. Data collection techniques include literature studies to analyze the SPPA Law, academic journals, and legal literature to understand the applicable regulatory framework, as well as interviews with prison officers as primary data sources to obtain information about the implementation of the SPPA Law in practice, including obstacles and challenges faced in the field. This approach aims to comprehensively understand the legal framework that governs the juvenile criminal justice system as well as policies related to the placement of Children in Conflict with the Law (ABH).
Based on the results of the research carried out on Tuesday, March 25, 2025 at the State Prison (Rutan) Class 1A Cirebon with Mr. Ahmad Khodri, A.Ma.Pust, S.H, Head of the Legal Aid and Counseling Sub-Section. The following are some of the conditions of Child Detention in Class IA Cirebon Detention Center (Rutan) based on the fulfillment of their rights:
The results of the study show that the services of child prisoners in detention centers, from admission to discharge, include the fulfillment of basic rights such as food, decent beds, worship, and legal assistance, although formal education rights such as school packages are still not available due to the short prison period. Socialization of rights is carried out during registration by providing information about rights and obligations. The right to education is difficult to fulfill due to limited space and time, so further education is only obtained at LPKA or LPAS. The complaint mechanism is available through the complaint box and the receipt of direct complaints by officers. Humane treatment is sought by placing separate rooms from adult prisoners and regular gathering activities. Positive activities include informal and religious education. Food is well distributed and health services are adequate. Interaction of officers is carried out through a special approach, and mandatory legal assistance from Bapas. Social worker and psychologist services are routinely provided. Communication with families is facilitated, and the opinions of child prisoners are heard. Child prisoners generally feel well treated, despite complaints about food variations. So far there have been no cases of violence. What is good is the feeding and
placement of rooms, but it needs to be improved with a special block for children. Placement in Detention Center due to LPAS limitations. The SPPA Law applies if there is an LPAS, and coordination with LPAS is carried out during the transfer.
Children have the right to adequate services, both physical and mental. As stated in Law Number 22 OF 2022, service is an activity that is held to provide protection and fulfillment of rights for Prisoners and Children in the judicial process. The SPPA Law allows children involved in criminal acts to receive legal aid regardless of the type of criminal act that has been committed. Based on Article 4 of Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, the implementation of services is one of the functions of correctional services that is parallel to other functions, namely the function of fostering inmates and other functions of correctional (Afrizal et al., 2024).
Children have the right to receive legal assistance at every
stage of examination, including the stages of investigation,
investigation, prosecution, and examination in court. The child who
is a witness or victim must be accompanied by a parent, guardian,
person trusted by the child, or social worker during each stage of
the examination. However, if the child's parents are the
perpetrators of a criminal act, then the parents or guardians are
not required to accompany them (Afrizal et al.,
2024)
In the interview, he explained that the prison has provided health services for child prisoners to ensure their physical condition is maintained during the detention period. This service includes regular health check-ups performed by medical professionals. Each child prisoner has access to a polyclinic, where doctors and other health workers are available to provide medical care as needed. This health examination includes disease screening, administration of medications, and treatment of certain medical conditions that may be experienced by child prisoners.
The right of child detainees to receive health care is regulated in various national regulations, such as Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System and Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. Article 3 of the SPPA Law emphasizes the importance of routine health maintenance for children in the criminal justice system. In addition, Government Regulation Number 58 of 1999 Article 9 also states that every prisoner has the right to receive physical and spiritual care through proper health services.
With adequate health services, the prison strives to ensure that every child prisoner receives the humane treatment and medical support they need to undergo the coaching process properly. However, challenges such as limited medical facilities and health workers are still obstacles in the optimal implementation of these rights on the ground.
The fulfillment of children's prisoners' right to health care is a fundamental aspect that supports their physical and mental well-being while in the criminal justice system. Children facing the law often face health risks due to a less-than-ideal detention environment, so it is important to ensure access to adequate health services (Tarwiyah et al., 2024).
The results of the research carried out at the State Prison (Rutan) Class 1A Cirebon show that health services for child prisoners have generally complied with existing laws and regulations, although there are several challenges in its implementation.
According to Article 21 of Government Regulation Number 58 of
1999, every prisoner has the right to receive adequate health
services, including access to polyclinics and health workers such as
doctors and nurses. In the interview
In an interview, he explained that in the aspect of education, child prisoners in the Cirebon Class 1A Prison receive learning which is carried out twice a week, namely every Monday and Tuesday. The material taught includes learning English, managing emotions, and reading and writing. This program aims to improve the academic and emotional skills of child prisoners so that they can continue to get the right to education even while in custody. This activity is carried out in a structured manner with guidance from educators or competent parties. In addition, even though there are educational programs running, skills training activities are still in a vacuum because they are not part of the field currently handled by the resource persons.
Table.1 Implementation of Education in Class 1A Cirebon Detention Center
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
English Language Learning |
Held every Monday and Tuesday |
The material covers the basics of English to
improve academic skills. |
|
2 |
Emotion Management |
Held every Monday and Tuesday |
It aims to help children in controlling emotions
and improving mental well-being. |
|
3 |
Read-Write |
Held every Monday and Tuesday |
Guidance is given to children who still have
limitations in reading and writing. |
Source : Cirebon Class 1A Detention Center
Children are the most valuable asset of the state, the next generation who will lead and shape the future of the country. Therefore, education is their human right and it is the responsibility of the state to fulfill it. Education is the process of forming an individual's character and identity. Therefore, it is very important to understand that education can and should start with children.
In Indonesia, education for the fulfillment of children's rights to confront (conflict) with the law has been regulated in various laws and regulations. Some
laws and regulations that can be used as a legal basis in efforts to foster and educate children who are in conflict with the law are:
Law Number 12 of 1995 which explains the rights of prisoners, one of which is explained is the right to be guaranteed to get education and teaching.
Law Number 3 of 1997 which contains the Indonesian Children's Court. In Chapter IV article 33 explains about Community Officers who have a role in the child development process, including; community counselors and professionals such as social workers and psychologists. Coaching for children is carried out for the sake of survival, physical, mental, social and child protection.
Law Number 23 of 2002 which explains child protection, explains that every child is guaranteed to obtain education and teaching for the personal development of children and also the development of interests and talents. So the right to access education must be obtained for children even though they are in prison which will later be used as a provision after they leave the Children's Prison.
Various regulations show the importance of education for children because with education children are not only taught and educated to be smart and clever, but education means fostering good ethics in children so that in the future children can live their lives well and become civilized and dignified human beings (Fikrina, 2023).
Education should be provided to every child without discrimination, whether for children in general, children with special needs, or children involved in legal proceedings. This is a commitment from the state and in accordance with the agreement in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which affirms that the education provided to children aims to humanize the individual. The quality of education is very important, especially for children facing the law (ABH), as their preparation before returning to society (Ferdiawa et al., 2020).
In accordance with the description above, it can be concluded that laws and regulations have clearly regulated the granting of rights to prisoners, especially in this context the right to education and teaching for child prisoners in the Cirebon Class 1A State Prison (Rutan). The implementation of the right to education for juvenile prisoners in detention centers is carried out through various learning programs, such as basic education that includes reading, writing, and English, as well as religious guidance that is provided regularly. However, there are various challenges in fulfilling it, especially because the rutan is not a place for long-term coaching and the limited facilities available. Further education for child prisoners is still highly dependent on cooperation with external parties, such as the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM), and its implementation has not been fully optimal. In addition, the temporary status of child custody before being transferred to the Special Children's Development Institution (LPKA) is also a factor that affects the continuity of their education.
In the interview, Mr. Ahmad Khodri explained that the prison provides special assistance services for child prisoners in order to maintain the stability of
their mental and emotional state during the detention period. Child prisoners have access to psychological services provided regularly by professionals, such as psychologists or counselors who work with correctional facilities. This assistance is carried out in the form of individual and group counseling sessions, which aim to help children in dealing with psychological pressure, managing emotions, and developing a more positive mindset. In addition, in certain cases that require special attention, child prisoners can be given more intensive assistance in order to receive treatment that is appropriate to their mental condition.
As part of rehabilitation efforts, the prison also holds motivation and mental coaching activities that are carried out every week. This activity involves lectures, group discussions, and interaction sessions with community leaders or spiritual companions to build the spirit and confidence of child prisoners. With adequate psychological and mentoring services, the prison strives to ensure that every child prisoner not only gets the proper treatment, but also the mental support they need to undergo the coaching process properly. The law that regulates the fulfillment of the rights of child custody in terms of obtaining psychological assistance and services is Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Article 22 of this law emphasizes the importance of psychological assistance for children facing the law, to ensure they receive protection, coaching, and rehabilitation that is in accordance with their psychological needs during the judicial process and the detention period.
A companion is a person who is trusted by the child to accompany him or her during the trial. This assistance is part of the protection of children who violate the law in court, so that children's rights can be realized legally. The main purpose of the examination of children is to ensure the protection and guarantee the fulfillment of children's rights in the judicial process and to prevent violations against children in accordance with Article 23 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System No. 11 of 2012. Proper guidance can provide a strong foundation to return and lead children to a good future for themselves as someone who is responsible for the life of the family, nation, and country so as not to repeat acts that violate laws and regulations (Sinjo, 2024).
The fulfillment of the rights of child detention in terms of guidance and assistance in the detention center is in line with the provisions stipulated in the applicable law, in particular:
Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA Law): Rutan provides counseling and psychological assistance services on a regular basis, which supports Article 3 and Article 18 of the SPPA Law related to children's rights to humane treatment, health services, education, coaching, and spiritual and mental guidance.
Child prisoners are placed separately from adult prisoners, according to the principle of separation in the treatment of children. Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection (amendment to Law No. 23 of 2002): The role of companions as stipulated in Article 64 has been implemented, namely through the presence of individuals trusted by children in the legal process to ensure humane treatment, properplacement, and effective legal assistance.
Rehabilitative Approach: The application of individual and group psychological services shows that the rehabilitative approach to children has been well pursued, with the aim of maintaining mental health, managing emotions, and forming a positive mindset.
Overall, the practice of mentoring and mentoring child prisoners at the Cirebon Class 1A State Prison has reflected the principles of child protection, rehabilitation, and the best interests of children, as mandated in laws and regulations.
The Cirebon Class 1A State Prison (Rutan) has made efforts to fulfill the rights of children facing the law (ABH) in terms of services. This service includes meeting basic needs such as proper food, adequate beds, worship facilities, and legal assistance that are important to them. Socialization about prisoners' rights is also carried out during the registration process, providing information about their rights and obligations while in prison.
However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome. Formal education rights such as school packages are not yet fully available due to time constraints and relatively short detention periods. This makes it difficult for children to get a continuous education while in Rutan. The fulfillment of this right requires further attention so that children still have the opportunity to develop themselves and obtain a proper education.
A complaint mechanism has been provided through complaint boxes and direct acceptance by officers, but its effectiveness needs to be improved. It is important for children to have an easily accessible and responsive channel in conveying any complaints or problems they are facing. Humane treatment is sought by placing children in separate rooms from adult prisoners and holding positive routine activities. Overall, the Cirebon Class 1A Detention Center has shown a commitment to providing adequate services for ABH, although there are still several aspects that need to be improved. Ongoing efforts to improve existing facilities and programs will ensure that children's rights are better met, thereby supporting their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
The conclusion of the research conducted at the State Detention Center (Rutan) Class 1A Cirebon shows that the health rights for detained children have been fulfilled in accordance with the provisions of the applicable law. The available health services include regular health check-ups, access to polyclinics, and necessary medical treatment, all regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and Government Regulation Number 58 of 1999. Although the existing health services are quite adequate, there are still some challenges in their implementation, such as limited medical facilities and the number of available health workers. Therefore, efforts to improve the provision of health services must continue to be made so that every child in detention receives the humane treatment and medical support necessary during the period of detention.
In an effort to fulfill the right to education and training for child prisoners, the Cirebon Class 1A Prison has held a learning program that is held twice a week. The material taught includes English, emotion management, and reading. The program aims to improve the academic and emotional skills of child prisoners, giving them the opportunity to retain the right to education despite being in custody.
This activity is carried out in a structured manner with guidance from educators or competent parties. The table of education implementation in the Cirebon Class 1A Detention Center shows a commitment to providing orderly and directed learning. Even though there are educational programs running, skills training activities are still a vacuum because they are not part of the field that is currently handled by the resource persons.
Education is a very important human right for children, because it is the process of forming an individual's character and identity. In accordance with Article 12 of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, everyone has the right to protection for his personal development, to obtain education, educate himself, and improve his quality of life.
However, there are various challenges in fulfilling it, especially because Rutan is not a place for long-term coaching and the limited facilities available. Further education for child prisoners is still highly dependent on cooperation with external parties, such as the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM), and its implementation has not been fully optimal. In addition, the temporary status of child detention before being transferred to the Special Children's Development Institution (LPKA) is also a factor that affects their educational continuity.
The fulfillment of children's rights, especially related to guidance and assistance at the Cirebon Class 1A State Detention Center, has been in accordance with the provisions stipulated in laws and regulations, especially Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The implementation of services such as counseling, separation of detention rooms from adults, and the presence of companions in the legal process reflect real efforts in upholding the principles of humane treatment, rehabilitative approaches, and prioritizing the best interests of children. Even though the implementation has led to good practices, it is necessary to conduct periodic evaluations to ensure that the services provided remain of quality and sustainability.
This research has significant implications for practices and policies in the handling of Children Facing the Law (ABH), especially in the Cirebon Class IA State Prison (Rutan). The results of this study emphasize the importance of improving the implementation of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law (SPPA Law) as a whole. This includes ensuring that all the rights of the child, as provided for in the law, are properly fulfilled during the period of detention. Attention must be paid to the fulfillment of basic needs, education, health, and protection from all forms of violence and discrimination. Furthermore, this study shows the need for closer cooperation between various parties involved in the
juvenile criminal justice system. This includes prisons, government agencies, civil society organizations, and children's families. Effective cooperation will ensure that children receive holistic and integrated support, from the legal process to rehabilitation and social reintegration. Programs designed should consider the individual needs of the child and focus on the recovery and development of their potential. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of increasing the capacity and awareness of prison officers regarding children's rights and judicial principles from a child's perspective. Ongoing training and effective socialization will help create a more child-friendly environment in State Detention Centers (Rutan), where children are treated with respect, fairness, and humanity. Thus, the implementation of the SPPA Law can run more optimally and have a positive impact on the welfare and future of children who are faced with the law.
The findings from the Cirebon Class 1A State Detention Center demonstrate a commitment to fulfilling the rights of children in conflict with the law, particularly in terms of health services, education, and humane treatment. However, several areas require deeper exploration to enhance the quality and sustainability of these efforts. Future research should investigate the effectiveness and long-term impact of limited educational programs provided in detention, especially given the constraints of short detention periods and limited cooperation with external educational institutions such as PKBM. Additionally, the development and implementation of vocational training programs remain an open area for improvement and research.
Further study is also needed on the accessibility and responsiveness of the existing complaint mechanisms to ensure children's voices are adequately heard and addressed. The availability and quality of healthcare services should be continuously assessed, especially in relation to medical staffing and facilities. Research can also explore strategies for improving coordination between detention centers and Special Children's Development Institutions (LPKA) to ensure continuity in rehabilitation and education. Finally, evaluating the impact of current counseling and legal assistance services on children's psychological well-being and reintegration into society could provide critical insights for policy improvement.
Afrizal, Riki, Iwan Kurniawan, and Fajar Wahyudi, ‘Relevansi Pelayanan Tahanan Dalam Sistem Pemasyarakatan Terhadap Tujuan Pemasyarakatan (Tinjauan Perubahan Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan)’, 53 (2024), pp. 101–10
Afrizal, Riki, Iwan Kurniawan, and Tenofrimer Tenofrimer, ‘Implikasi Yuridis Pengaturan Pelayanan Tahanan Dalam Sistem Pemasyarakatan Terhadap Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak’, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik, 4.3 (2024), pp. 442–50, <https:/doi:10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.1954>
Albani Faishal Akbar, Hery Firmansyah, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Tahanan Anak Di Rutan Kelas I Depok’, Syntax Literate, VIII.I (2023), pp. 1–19
Apriarso, Dafi, Raissa Nariswari, and Dzikra Fajrin Febrian, ‘Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak Anak Melalui Program Di Yayasan Sayap Ibu Jakarta’, KAIS - Kajian Ilmu Sosial, 4.2 (2023), pp. 75–82
Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. "Peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan Dalam Pendampingan ABH." Diakses April 11, 2025. https://
Ferdiawa, Rachmat Putro, Meilanny Budiarti Santoso, and Rudi Saprudin Darwis, Hak Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berhadapan (Berkonflik) Dengan Hukum, Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 2020, II
Fikrina, A, and others, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Pendidikan Anak Berkonflik Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Pendidikan …, 7 (2023), pp. 32631–36
Ghifari, M. Alif, and Subekti, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Tahanan Anak Di Rumah
Tahanan (Rutan) Kelas Ii B Serang’, Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan
Penanggulangan Kejahatan, 10.3 (2022), p. 193,
Loppies, Pricilia Uty Vianty, Elsa Rina Maya Toule, and Hadibah Zachra Wadjo, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Anak Pidana Pada Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak’, PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review, 4.1 (2024), p. 37,
Mohd. Yusuf D.M., and others, ‘Kejahatan Anak Dibawah Umur Dari
Aspek Sosiologi Hukum’, The Juris, 6.1 (2022), pp. 262–73,<
Pendidikan, Hak, Lembaga Pembinaan, and Khusus Anak, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Atas Pendidikan Terhadap Anak Binaan Di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas 1 Blitar Halimatuz Zahroh Iman Pasu Marganda Hadiarto Purba Abstrak’, pp. 395–408
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 58 Tahun 1999 tentang Syarat- Syarat Dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Wewenang, Tugas Dan Tanggung Jawab Perawatan Tahanan
R. A. Koesnan, Susunan Pidana dalam Negara Sosialis Indonesia, Bandung: Sumur, 2005.
Sigit Pramukti, Angger, and Fuady Primaharsya, ‘Sistem Peradilan Anak’, no. 1 (2018), p. 50
Sinjo, Jan Dj, and Kata Kunci, ‘Penyelenggara Kesejahteraan Sosial Manado’, pp. 342–51
Tarwiyah, S, H Tuasikal, and S Sriyati, ‘Pemenuhan Hak Narapidana Anak Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Kota Sorong’, UNES Law Review, 6.3 (2024), pp. 9114–29
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan
Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan
Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak
Undang-undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pengadilan Anak
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak asasi Manusia
Waluyadi, and R M Kartina, ‘Kontribusi Penelitian Kemasyaratan Balai Pemasyarakatan (BAPAS) Untuk Mewujudkan Putusan Hakim Yang Berpihak Pada Anak’, Pandecta Research Law Journal, 16.2 (2021), pp. 250–65