The Use of Prohibited Substances by Athlete are Covered in Doping Offenses

Doping is the administration of oral or paralytic drugs or concoctions to an athlete with the aim of increasing unnatural accuracy. In Indonesia, the prohibition on the use of doping consisting of prohibited substances and/or methods is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports. The use of doping is contrary to the principle of "fair play" in matches and also harms the spirit of sport which upholds the values of honesty and justice. However, currently the law on sports in Indonesia does not yet contain criminal sanctions regarding violations of the use of prohibited substances and/or methods, so it is still based on the Law on Narcotics in imposing sanctions. A normative method based on legal materials as the main source.

Doping is the administration of oral or paralytic drugs or concoctions to an athlete with the aim of increasing unnatural accuracy.In Indonesia, the prohibition on the use of doping consisting of prohibited substances and/or methods is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports.The use of doping is contrary to the principle of "fair play" in matches and also harms the spirit of sport which upholds the values of honesty and justice.However, currently the law on sports in Indonesia does not yet contain criminal sanctions regarding violations of the use of prohibited substances and/or methods, so it is still based on the Law on Narcotics in imposing sanctions.A normative method based on legal materials as the main source.

INTRODUCTION
One important component in human life is exercise, which helps keep the body healthy and fit.Apart from that, various sporting competitions that can make the nation famous motivate some people and even fulfill economic needs.Many local, national, and international competitions are held.
The definition of sport is a series of regular and planned physical movements to maintain movement (which means maintaining life) and improving movement ability (which means improving quality of life).Indonesia highly respects the principles of clean and fair sport and prohibits doping violations by athletes.Based on Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports in Article 1 of the General Provisions, regulates that Doping is the use of prohibited substances and/or methods to improve Sports Performance as well as all forms of violations of anti-doping regulations.
Doping comes from the word dope, which is a mixture of opium and narcotics which was originally used for horse racing in England.Sports doping is the use or administration by competition participants of prohibited substances, substances, and methods that are foreign to the organism through any means or physiological substances in abnormal quantities, to increase sports performance.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Doping violations include the use of substances and/or methods.The use of these substances and methods is prohibited.They can hurt an athlete's career and future because they can cause dependence, organ or nerve damage, and increase the risk of disease.Athletes in various sports certainly use large amounts of prohibited substances and methods to win matches.Even though the ban on doping for athletes was established, many athletes continue to use it to increase stamina, improve sports performance, or for other purposes that are contrary to ethics.For athletes who commit doping violations, the sanctions given are only administrative sanctions and are considered ineffective because they do not have a deterrent effect on them and do not appear commensurate with what they have done.Apart from that, the public does not understand the legal rules regarding doping.
Athletes are highly valued by the government, which encourages them to win and gain local and global recognition.However, it is not easy for a sportsperson to achieve all that.They need support and thorough preparation materially and morally to become sportsmen who are able to compete in increasingly tough and complicated competitions.These factors include doubts about an athlete's readiness and potential, fear when facing an opponent, the desire to win from coaches, parents, sponsors and other supporters, as well as emotional problems such as the athlete's tendency to panic.
Based on the explanation above, the discussion that will be raised in this writing is about legal regulations regarding the use of prohibited substances and/or methods which include doping violations for athletes in Indonesia and sanctions for athletes who use prohibited substances and/or methods which include doping violations in Indonesia.

METHODOLOGY
Based on the problem formulation that has been made previously, this legal research uses normative juridical research methods or doctrinal legal research.In this research, the author examines relevant library materials or secondary data and analyzes the legal standards applicable in the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia relating to legal regulations and sanctions related to the use of prohibited substances.Then, for normative research, this research uses a legal approach -law (statute approach) and a comparative approach.
In writing this legal research, the author uses normative juridical research or doctrinal legal research.As Ronny Hanitijo Soemitro said, the normative juridical legal approach is legal research carried out by identifying and conceptualizing law as norms, rules, and regulations that apply at a certain time and place as a product of a certain sovereign state power.Normative juridical research refers to legal norms contained in laws regulations and court decisions as well as legal norms that exist in society.

Basic Regulations Regarding Prohibited Substances and/Or Methods by Athlete
For many years, the use of doping drugs has been prohibited because not only can it damage the body and endanger the health of athletes, but also results in unreasonable achievements because it does not uphold the value of sportsmanship.Sport puts sportsmanship first and upholds it.However, using doping is the same as not upholding sportsmanship.Many sportsmen involved in doping have been recorded in sports history.However, in the contemporary era, this has not happened.
Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning sports in article 1 number 21 states that Doping is the use of prohibited substances and/or methods to improve Sports Performance as well as any violation of anti-doping regulations.Doping based on the definition above is not only limited to the use of substances but also to prohibited methods.Which is included in the prohibited substances in doping as regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics.
In article 98 of Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports, the provisions regarding doping are only a description without containing further sanctions for doping violations as follows: (1) Every Parent Sports Branch Organization, national Sports institution/Organization, and/or Sports Actor is obliged to comply with anti-Doping regulations.
(2) The Central Government helps fund national anti-Doping organizations for the purpose of Doping-free Sports activities.
(3) The national anti-Doping organization as intended in paragraph ( 2) is the only national anti-Doping organization that is independent, professional, objective and accountable in carrying out its duties, functions and authority in accordance with the regulations of the world anti-Doping organization .
(4) Funding required to support the activities of national anti-Doping organizations comes from: a. state budget; b. regional income and expenditure budget; c. community donations; and/or d. other legal and non-binding sources of funds, in accordance with statutory provisions.
(5) Provisions regarding the organizational structure, management, authority and responsibilities of the national anti-Doping organization are stipulated in the articles of association and bylaws in accordance with the provisions of the laws and regulations of the world anti-Doping organization.
The term doping can be defined based on various views, a group of various views, a group of people seeing it as a danger to health, therefore doping is prohibited.In subsequent developments, in 1990 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) defined doping as prohibited substances and methods.Prohibited substances are grouped into 6 classes based on their effects on the body, namely stimulants, narcotics, anabolics, beta-blockers, diuretics, and hormone peptides.Meanwhile, prohibited methods are blood doping, and urine manipulation through pharmacology, chemistry, and physics.Apart from that, some drugs carry certain risks.
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) updates its list of substances prohibited for use by athletes every year.WADA made the latest changes in January 2019.Doping substances fall into several categories, including substances prohibited in general, both in and out of competition, substances prohibited in competition, and substances prohibited in certain sports.WADA (2019) classifies the list of substances prohibited and prohibited for use by sportsmen as follows: 1. S1: Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the endogenous male sex hormone testosterone, which stimulates anabolic (protein synthesis) and androgenic (masculinization) effects.2. S2: Peptide hormones are substances produced by glands in the body and after circulating through the blood can influence organs in other tissues to change body function.3. S3: Beta-2 Agonist.Beta-2 agonists are drugs commonly used to treat asthma by relaxing the muscles that surround the airways and opening the airways.In sports, athletes use this drug to increase muscle size and reduce body fat.Beta 2 agonists can have a strong stimulatory effect if taken orally or by injection, therefore this drug is prohibited for use inside and outside of competition.4. S4: Hormones and Metabolic Modulators Doping, hormones and metabolic modulators are categorized as a class of doping which is prohibited on all occasions both inside and outside of competition.Basically, in the world of health, this modulator is used for breast cancer treatment, osteoporosis treatment, and helping diabetes is a substance or drug that is dangerous to health and has a dependency effect on its users.The concept of criminal law policy in providing sanctions as an effort to overcome doping in Indonesia must be accompanied by the formation of ideal legislation to answer all problems that arise in society, such as the use of doping by athletes.

ADVANCED RESEARCH
In writing this article the researcher realizes that there are still many shortcomings in terms of language, writing, and form of presentation considering the limited knowledge and abilities of the researchers themselves.Therefore, for the perfection of the article, the researcher expects constructive criticism and suggestions from various parties.