Sustainability Analysis of Green Open Space Development of Kupang City Nostalgic Park

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INTRODUCTION
Green open space is a component that must constantly be included in urban design, both qualitatively and quantitatively (Dwihatmojo, 2013: 37). The reduction of green areas due to limited land causes environmental problems in urban areas due to increased pollution according to Budiharjo (1993: 58) that the loss of green space in urban areas results in mental, emotional, and psychological instability, severely restricting human movement and thought. Cities in Indonesia are undergoing rapid growth, which has an impact on expanding space requirements and providing adequate amenities and infrastructure to satisfy future demands. This is linked to the prospect of increased urban output. Various urban dynamics are expected to have a substantial impact on the rate of urban growth. Shifts in social and cultural values as well as regional space continue to be symptomatic and color the development of cities (Rijadi and Bratakusumah, 2005:67). The city is an embodiment of human activity that functions as a center for social, economic, governmental, political and educational activities, as well as providing service facilities for the community. The city's rapid growth was a result of population dynamics, socioeconomic shifts, and interactions with other regions. Population growth has led to rapid and uncontrolled overcrowding and settlement in urban areas. This increases the space required to meet these needs. The decrease in environmental quality can be attributed to the rising demand for space, particularly in residential and urban areas.
Provincial arranging that is made can't forestall the development of land in metropolitan regions, so the presence of green open spaces (RTH) is as yet compromised, and exercises in metropolitan regions are progressively awkward (Dwihartmojo, 2013:49). Active green space has a very important role in urban structure, whose main function is to support urban ecology, which is also known as open space, which strengthens and supports urban space, urban environment, environmental quality values and regional culture. According to "Regulation No. 05/PRT/M/2008 of the Ministry of Public Works, active green spaces have two functions, the primary or ecological function, and the additional function, socio-cultural, economic and aesthetic".
It is at this point that it is very urgent for a region to manage its green open money without prioritizing the principles of sustainable development. One of these areas is the City of Kupang as the Capital of the Province of NTT which is currently actively developing parks as a medium for In order to create green spaces for communities, green spaces hence should be thoroughly arranged as a feature of metropolitan spatial preparation, built up by severe territorial guidelines that explain their legitimate status. This prevents the transfer of the green room function to other functions and allows development and management to concentrate more.
Policies related to green open spaces are contained in the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs (Inmendagri) Number 14 of 1988, concerning the Arrangement of Green Spaces (RH) in Urban Areas, which is then followed up by instructing Regional Heads from the Provincial to Regency/City levels to plan, implement and controlling the arrangement of Green Spaces as well as carrying out management and control to enhance the roles and functions of Green Spaces.
For this reason, so that the policy can run properly, it is necessary to hand over clear authority to government agencies/institutions, especially the City of Kupang as the leading sector in the development and management of green open spaces. Apart from that Law no. Article 29 of the 2007 Land and Space Planning Order No. 26 also specifically stipulates that 30% of the city/urban area must be green space (RTH), consisting of 20% public green space and 10% private green space. . The 30% RTH requirement is a requirement that the Municipality/Regent must meet and is contained in the Regional Ordinance (Perda) of the Municipality/Regent RTRW. This is done to achieve a sustainable city/urban area.
Article 9 of the regulation reiterates that the "Ideal Area of Urban Green Open Space (RTHKP) is at least 20% of the urban area but in Kupang City (according or not). Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 5 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for the Provision and Utilization of Green Open Spaces in Urban Areas confirms that the quantity and quality of public open spaces, especially green open spaces (RTH) are currently significantly reduced and this has led to a decrease in the quality of urban life which has an impact on various aspects of urban life, including frequent flooding, pollution and reduced community productivity due to the lack of space for social interaction." Green open spaces in urban areas, as well as planning procedures and community participation, are governed by this regulation. The high level of life pressure that is quite high in the city center is exacerbated by the lack of open space in urban areas. As a result, there is a pressing need for public open spaces in the city center especially green open spaces in urban areas because of their function as a place for the community to socialize and relax, as well as a place to unwind and breathe in some fresh air in the midst of the bustling activities there. dense and cheaply relieve exhaustion after hard work. One way to improve the quality of the urban environment, where health, comfort, aesthetics, and environmental preservation are the most easily felt effects, is to create urban green open spaces. In such manner, spatial preparation as a spatial component of metropolitan improvement is an instrument for planning metropolitan improvement in a supportable way (Budihardjo, 1998). In line with the mandate of the Law on Spatial Planning Number 26 of 2007 article 3, it is necessary to realize a form of urban area development that harmonizes natural and built environment.
Efforts to raise public awareness and realize the sustainability of city life, among others, can be done in the form of the realization of a Green City. A green city is a harmless to the ecosystem city, which uses water and energy assets successfully and productively, diminishes squander, executes an incorporated data framework, guarantees ecological wellbeing, and synergizes the regular and man-made climate. Green City is a green city that uses the city in accordance with sustainable development principles through urban planning and design.
In the City of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province, the development carried out by the government continues. One of them is the construction of a park which is a green open space for the community. One of the most popular parks as a recreation area in the city of Kupang is the Nostalgia Park.
Kupang City Nostalgia Park is located in the center of the city in an area that is developing quite densely as the center of government and business. The east side of the park is bordered by the location of the Kupang City Regional People's Representative Council office, the north side is bordered by residential areas, the west side is bordered by police offices/posts and a carnival statue, while the south side is bordered by Jalan Frans Seda, the state finance building and the terminal. inter-city buses. This location was originally an empty area with only flamboyant trees and shrubs growing. Rocky soil conditions with a total area of 5.1 Ha. Taman Nostalgia is an effort by the government of the City of Kupang to foster a cultural spirit of planting for all city residents. In addition to enjoying the active park arena (a place to socialize, exercise, etc.).
Nostalgia Park, one of Kupang City's green spaces, is a hub of activity for the city's residents. Nostalgia Park, which is strategically located, attracts visits from various groups of people to carry out various activities there. Community activities in Nostalgia Park certainly have a big impact on the sustainability of the park. Behind the construction of the nostalgic park which is quite beneficial for community mobility, it turns out that there are also problems arising from the activities of members of the public who are not responsible for the sustainability of the park, such as destroying park facilities, not maintaining cleanliness, etc. These problems will certainly have an impact on the sustainability of the development of the Nostalgia Park as a green open space for the people of Kupang City, so the researchers formulated a study entitled Analysis of Sustainability of the Development of Green Open Spaces in the Nostalgia Park of Kupang City. One of the evaluation results on the implementation of sustainable development in Indonesia is the lack of sustainability in efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (Alisjahbana et al, 2018: 38). This will be one of the backgrounds in the importance of carrying out this research because the strategy for sustainable development aims to develop harmony, both between humans and humans with nature. This alignment is a dynamic process.

METHODS
The strategy utilized in this study is a subjective clear exploration strategy situated in the city of Kupang, with a sum of 15 witnesses, with information types as essential information and optional information as well as perception information assortment procedures, meetings and report search methods. Following the collection of the data, Creswell's data analysis methods are applied (2016: 264-268).

Analysis of the Sustainability of the Development of Green Open Spaces in the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park
As a result of the Spatial Plan's inability to prevent urban land conversion, Green Open Space (RTH) is increasingly threatened and activities in cities become increasingly uncomfortable. (Dwihartmojo, 2013:37). Active green open space has a very important role in the urban environment and is an important part of the city-forming structure, which has the main function as an ecological supporter of the city which is also designated as an open space that enhances and supports the value of environmental quality and culture of an area. Based on Permen PU Number: 05/PRT/M/2008, active green open space has two functions, including the main function, which is an ecological function and additional functions, namely socio-cultural, economic and aesthetic functions.
A region must urgently manage its green open money at this point without prioritizing sustainable development principles. One of these region is the City of Kupang as the capital of the Territory of NTT which is presently effectively creating parks as a mode for green open spaces for the local area so that green open space as the need might arise to be arranged completely and reinforced by severe territorial guidelines to explain its lawful status. , As a result, the development and management can avoid shifting the Green Room's purpose to other areas.
Indicators are needed to measure how well the idea of sustainable development is put into practice. Participatory, integrative, cross-sectoral, and comprehensive development strategies are frequently linked to indicators of sustainable development in numerous nations. Manageable improvement markers have been perceived in Plan 21 as a device for direction. In its turn of events, a bunch of practical improvement pointers, including rules and techniques, Starting around 1995, the Commission on Manageable Turn of events (CSD) has been getting ready reports. These markers are utilized to examine the accomplishment of supportable improvement in Indonesia, explicitly by assessing the advancement of improvement programs that have been carried out, especially in this review, specifically the development of green open spaces in Kupang City's Sentimentality Park, which will be broke down involving the Strategy in Feasible Improvement Pointers (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001: 14), which is described in three aspects, namely social, economic, and environmental.

Social Aspect
Economical improvement should plan to engage society as a social association. The activity of human relations with the natural surroundings as a result of the construction of the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park is the result of the social aspect.
Based on the results of interviews with the researchers together with the informants above, it is known that from a social perspective, the sustainability of the construction of green open spaces in the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park can be stated to have been fulfilled, but even though it has been fulfilled, some of the supporting facilities for this social aspect are not properly maintained, such as vandalism, destruction and theft of garden facilities such as lights, iron and the destruction of plants around the park.
On another occasion, quoting antaranews.com (2022), Deputy Mayor of Kupang, Hermanus Man, is very optimistic that the existence of a city park as a tourist location can attract tourists to visit this area. He stated that he was confident that the existence of a number of urban tourist parks in the City of Kupang that had been well laid out would be able to attract both domestic and foreign tourists to visit the City of Kupang.
The existence of a number of city parks is part of Labuan Bajo tourism in the development of the NTT tourism sector. The existence of a number of tourist parks has a positive impact because it helps beautify the face of Kupang City as a safe and comfortable city for city residents.
This becomes an irony when the Government of the City of Kupang tries to build various parks in the City of Kupang but it is often damaged by the people of the City of Kupang itself, while City Parks are an inseparable part of a sustainable development scheme because they are able to maintain the city's climate and become water absorbers and flood prevention.
Physically, the development of urban areas tends to consume open green spaces and turn them into built-up areas (Rahmy et al. 2012) as is the case in the city of Kupang where development growth is growing rapidly because green open spaces such as the Nostalgia Park of the City of Kupang are urgently needed, especially from the social side for people's welfare Budiharjo (1993:32) states that the absence of green open space in urban areas has a negative social impact, resulting in psychological, emotional, and dimensional instability, making it difficult for people to move around and think.
The realization of sustainable development in Kupang City demands urban space requirements and resource utilization. The availability of urban spaces in the form of city parks, is often not in line with the level of need, giving rise to conflicting priorities for the allocation of space for sustainable development goals, usually the interests of economic development are given more priority than others, especially social or environmental aspects. So the acknowledgment of reasonable improvement plans should be joined by the idea of manageable Kupang City spatial anticipating every one of these improvement objectives to be completed reliably on the grounds that supportable improvement is really an advancement interaction that gives a fair part of financial, social and ecological interests. Economical improvement should be a framework that is interrelated and commonly impacting (Davies, 2015;Le Blanc, 2015;Carmela, et al, 2013).

Economic Aspect
Economic objectives (growth and efficiency). The first step toward sustainable development is economic development. Advancement in different fields is expected to encounter accomplishment after fruitful monetary turn of events.
In view of the consequences of meetings and perceptions directed by scientists, it was found that supportable improvement from a monetary stance with the green open space of Kupang City Sentimentality Park contributes decidedly to the advancement of useful organizations that create financial incentive for society where individuals benefit from guests who need to purchase food and beverages and furthermore the development of the City of Kupang Wistfulness Park adds to the pay of the territorial depository of the City of Kupang with a stopping expense at the City of Kupang Sentimentality Park.
This finding is interesting because economic development is essentially a series of initiatives and policies that aim to raise people's standard of living, even out income distribution, strengthen regional economic ties, and encourage a shift in economic activity away from the primary sector into the secondary and tertiary sectors. To put it another way, starting with the construction of the Kupang City Nostalgia Park, the direction of economic development is to try to increase people's income in an even way so that the welfare of the entire community can be achieved as the goal of sustainable development. (Staner et al, 2009: 152, Johnston, 2007, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001:14, Jovovic, 2017. Sometimes, economic development focuses more on efforts to encourage economic growth in order to achieve development objectives. Financial improvement which is exclusively pointed toward chasing after monetary development, frequently regardless of the manageability of regular assets and the climate with the goal that it adversely affects nature and society. The implementation of environmentally responsible economic development has the potential to lessen the negative effects that the process of economic development has on the environment. As a result, the progress that we see today can also be enjoyed by generations to come. (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001: 14).

Environmental Aspects
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising its ability to meet the needs of future generations. In sustainability, attention must be paid to environmental utilization and environmental sustainability to maintain environmental quality. If environmental sustainability is not maintained, the carrying capacity of the environment will weaken or even disappear.
In view of the consequences of these meetings and the aftereffects of perceptions made by specialists it is realized that the development of Kupang City Wistfulness Park has satisfied ecological perspectives as per the practical advancement plan where in "Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning article 29 paragraph 1 it is explained about the proportion of green open spaces in city area of at least 30 percent of the total city area". In contrast, public green open space accounts for at least 20% of urban areas, while private green open space accounts for at least 10%. Furthermore, it is emphasized in "Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No.05/PRT/M/2008 concerning Guidelines for Provision and Utilization of Green Open Spaces in Urban Areas", that this extent is a base measure to guarantee the equilibrium of metropolitan environments, as well as other natural frameworks that can expand the accessibility of clean air required. city individuals. Despite the fact that green open space is inextricably linked to a variety of development requirements for urban communities, it stands to reason that the development arrangement is long-lasting. (Saputra, 2013: 28).
According to Mardikanto, (2014: 76) Sustainable development supports environmental issues as well. Feasible improvement covers three arrangement scopes in particular financial turn of events, social turn of events and natural security. These three perspectives lead to a causal relationship, thusly they can't be isolated from each other. One perspective will influence different viewpoints. The connection among social and financial is supposed to make an impartial relationship. The connection between the economy and the climate is supposed to proceed (practical). While the connection among social and ecological means to keep on getting by (endurable). Particularly in relation to the context of the sustainable development of Kupang City Nostalgia Park, the three aspects social, economic, and environmental aspects will result in the creation of conditions that are sustainable.

CONCLUSION
The conclusion that can be drawn from the research and discussion of the preceding chapter is that the Methodology in Sustainable Development Indicators is used to analyze the sustainability of the construction of green open spaces in Kupang City's Nostalgia Park. (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001:14), which is described in three aspects with findings on; (a) the social aspect with the construction of the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park can provide In the framework of the The availability of city parks as the city's lungs has been met.
It is suggested that the Government of Kupang City needs additional parks, such as nostalgia parks, to support the sustainability of the Kupang City area, as this is supported by Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, which states that the proportion of green open space in urban areas should be 30%, but Kupang City has not been able to meet this requirement.
The City of Kupang Government must maintain the City of Kupang Nostalgia Park from an environmental standpoint in order to preserve and enhance the city's environment's function and carrying capacity, as well as the balance of ecosystems, biodiversity, and so on.