Analysis of the Implementation of Participatory Principles to Improve Democracy: A Case Study in Sukopuro Village Government, Jabung

Community participation is one of the principles of implementing good village governance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of participatory principles in village government. This research uses empirical legal research methods, primary data collection through interviews and observations as well as literature studies, and uses sociological juridical analysis through data distribution, data reduction and conclusion making. The results showed that the village government has applied the participatory principle. This can be seen from the pattern of drafting Village Regulations and determining the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APB Desa), where the community is included in village development planning, through hamlet-level deliberations and the results of hamlet-level deliberations are brought to village-level deliberations called Village Development Planning Deliberation (Musrenbangdes). Community involvement in Musrenbang is one form of implementing village democracy


INTRODUCTION
Article 1 Ayata (1) of the Village Law states that: In the unitary nation government of the Republic of Indonesia, village government is the management of public affairs and the pursuits of nearby groups. The values or principles of right must implement in the alternate 2016 Village Government. Governance to create a good, clean, authoritative, efficient, and effective village government and responsible.
Article 24 of the Village Law states that one of the principles of good village governance is the principle of participation. In the explanation of the Village Law, what is meant by "participatory" is the implementation of Village Government which includes Village institutions and elements of the Village community. (Bender, 2016) Based on grammatical interpretation, good governance, one of which is to involve the community in every government policy planning and government policy determination.
Community involvement in government policy planning, government policy determination, and government policy implementation and supervision of government policy implementation in various ways.
In village government, the involvement of communities and community organizations at the village level in village government policy planning begins with Hamlet's deliberations.
Dusun deliberation, is an activity to shelter the aspirations of the community in the hamlet area about any development needs to realize the community's welfare at the hamlet level.
Village deliberations, at the village level, are a follow-up to hamlet deliberations. The results of decisions in Hamlet's deliberations are discussed again at the village deliberative level and adjusted to the budget capabilities of the village government.
Village deliberations were carried out to determine the village revenue and expenditure budget (APBDesa). This is the personification of Democracy because it is followed by community leaders, Heads of Rukun Neighbors (RT), Chairmen of Rukun Masyarakat (RW), Hamlet Heads, and village-level community organizations, as well as leaders and members of the Village Consultative Body (BPD).
Ferguson states that: Strengthening nearby Democracy can grow selection-makers' responsiveness to neighbourhood needs (Besley, Pande, & Rao, 2005;Costa-Font &;Pons, 2007). Azfar et al. (2000) surveyed the preferences of people (elements) and bureaucrats at diverse levels of presidency within the Philippines; They observed proof of a beautiful correlation between component and bureaucratic inclinations at the nearby degree. (Costa-Font & Parmar, 2022) In the late 1990s and early 2000s, its prospects were crucial for advancing democratic politics at the local, regional, national, and international levels. Terms like "digital democracy," "electronic democracy," or "e-democracy," "digital inclusion," and "e-participation" have become widely used, signifying the upbeat, egalitarian spirit of the movement. Majority of initiatives and commentary (Hague andLoader 1999, Homburg 2008). (Ellison & Hardey, 2014) Public involvement in government political policy-making through digital or electronic has been running massively because people, anytime and anywhere, can convey their aspirations and inspirations via Email: Facebook, Instagram, and other social media.
Clearly stated ethical principles are laid out by Haus and Sweeting (2006, 267) for local Democracy: With the critical caveat that this promotion is not imposed on society by force or manipulation but is instead subject to public justification, Democracy is the idea of promoting the common good in situations where there is no preexisting strong agreement on what this common good is, what it entails, and how it can be announced. Considering local Democracy indicates that local governments, like those at the top level, have a process of collective self-determination as their normative foundation. Democracy is thus strongly tied to the question of what is 'good' for members of a political community. (Christensen & Grant, 2020) Robert A Dahl mentioned that Democracy is a way of implementing government with the characteristics of the freedom people to establish and participate in organizations, express or argue, become public officials, and conduct competition or contestation among citizens to get support to compete for critical public offices, vote in general elections, there are juridical elections, there are alternative sources of information outside the given by the government, and there is an institutional guarantee that every government policy depends on the support of votes and other forms of expression of desire. Therefore there must be a guarantee that general elections are held regularly so that every policy set by the government can be evaluated and accountable in the general election. (Dewi &;Widyawati, 2021) Gadjong mentioned that the importance of people's participation in a democratic country greatly determines the survival of a nation. Hence, the people have power in decision-making in the political and governmental fields through representation-the direct expression of oral and written opinions that are constitutionally protected. Therefore, the essence of Democracy is from the people, by the people, for the people. (Bulqiyah et al., 2019).
There is broad agreement that public participation is necessary for participatory Democracy to develop inclusive planning procedures and guarantee equitable planning outcomes (Roberts, 2004). Numerous sub-groups of people make up the "public" or "citizens" as a whole, and these groups are not always mutually exclusive. (Palmy David & Buchanan, 2020).
Shah and Shah (2006: 1) point out that Good environmental governance, in addition to providing for the expansion of environmental services but also maintaining the lives and freedoms of citizens, and creating space for civic participation, democratic and civic communication, can help sustainable market and environmental development, and facilitate effects that enhance the first-class lifestyles of the population. (Dube et al., 2020) Growth in civil society participation in international organizations and global governance has been a trend since the conclusion of the Cold War. Given the tendency toward democratization and legitimacy-building, there is a rising belief that non-state actors should be welcome to participate in international organizations. (Ramanzini Junior & Theodoro Luciano, 2021) As the most corrupt country in 2014, Somalia has dropped to second place in the index of fragile states; However, the possibility of corruption is not reduced. To curb this threat, civil society participation can go a long way. (Mishra & Abdullahi, 2020) From some of the experts' opinions mentioned above, community participation in implementing good governance, including the performance of village government, is necessary because it can improve the quality of Democracy in the village.
This study aims to analyze the implementation of village community participation in village government administration to improve the quality of village democracy.

METHODS
This research method used is empirical legal research with a sociological approach, which examines legal imlmementation in society. The primary data used were primary data obtained using interviews with key informants, namely: Tohari (Sukopuro Village Head); Andik Prasetiyo (Karang Taruna), Uyun Melinda (Kasun Pandanrejo), Mustakim (LPMD/Chairman of RT 13), M. Ainul Yaqin (Member of BPD) and secondary data in the form of legal materials (primary, secondary and tertiary) through literature studies. The analysis used is empirical / sociological juridical analysis, which describes primary data in an orderly, continuous, logical, non-overlapping, comprehensive and complete manner, to answer problem formulation through data display, data reduction and conclusion making.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Article 24 of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages states that the principles of good village governance are: the principle of legal certainty, orderly administration of government; orderly public interest; Openness; Proportionality; Professionalism; accountability; effectiveness and efficiency; local wisdom; Diversity; and participatory principles.
The results of an interview with Tohari, the Head of Sukopuro Village, gave a statement, "That planning in village development in Sukopuro Village, Jabung District in Village Financial management in which there is an ADD (Village Fund Budget) involving the village community through meetings held at the RT and RW levels, or commonly referred to by the community as "Musrenbangdes". (Village Development Deliberation)." The results of an interview with Andik Prasetiyo (Karang Taruna)  The results of an interview with Mustakim (LPMD / Chairman of RT 13) provided information: The role of village government in mobilizing community participation and prioritizing developing underdeveloped areas. A form of community participation, which is building with gotong-royong.
Many factors influence the effectiveness of a law: from a regulatory perspective that considers the traditional determinants of significance, namely compliance and enforcement, as well as aspects of emerging outcomes, focusing on the idea that a rule can be defined as effective when the desired effect has been achieved, and the public interest that justifies the power has been protected without producing unintended or dysfunctional consequences. (De Benedetto, 2018) The legal politics of the Village Law aims to improve the management of village government further to be more effective in realizing community welfare, namely through better quality of public services, improving the quality of community empowerment, and increasing community participation in national development.
Has the village law that requires community participation in village government policy-making been appropriately implemented? If this has been done well, the village law will be effective.
Village heads and village officials, communities, and Village Consultative Bodies need to understand the general principles of Good Government (AUPB) and organize village government together to achieve a just, prosperous, and prosperous society.
The principle of openness regarding village governance is fundamental because the village head and apparatus must provide clear, transparent, and accountable information about village development plans for the community.
Based on the results of interviews conducted with Community Institutions / Community Leaders / Individuals of Sukopuro Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency shows that the Sukopuro Village Government, Jabung District, Malang Regency has carried out participatory principles. This can be seen from the informants' information (Tohari, Andi Prasetyo, Uyun Melinda, Mustakim, Moh. Ainul Yaqin).
According to the informants above, the preparation of Village Regulations, the determination of the Village Budget (APBDesa), and other village development policies where the community is included in the process of preparing village development planning.
The step of involving the community in planning and setting the policy is carried out to ensure that what is needed by the community can be stated in the village development plan document. Furthermore, in the process of implementing development programs, the community is also involved in the preparation and implementation of programs as well as in evaluating program implementation.
In addition to community involvement in the preparation of village development plans, community participation is also seen in the political field, where the community is actively involved in the local democratic process.

CONCLUSION
The principle of community participation has been implemented in the Sukopuro village government, Jabung District, Malang Regency. This is evidenced by the preparation of Village Regulations and the determination of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDesa), where the community is included in village development planning through hamlet deliberations and Musrenbangdes village development planning deliberations). Community involvement in hamlet deliberations and village development planning deliberations is a form of democracy in the village, and also in order to meet the needs of the village community.
Suggestion. To the village head, to further develop information technology facilities through the internet and village government websites that have not been optimally managed, so that community participation is more massive, fast, simple and easy to implement in implementing participatory principles and village democracy, not only through hamlet deliberations and village deliberations, will still be able to use village website facilities or E-Government. To the next researcher to conduct further research on the use of village government websites to support the implementation of community participation and democracy in the implementation of village government.