Design of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) on Smart Fertilizer Distribution System

The control system in agriculture is an important study to regulate the application of fertilizers to plants. The control system can use PLC control system which has good system robustness and easy program language. The purpose of this research is to design a simulated fertilizer irrigation system based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) system. The PLC program used is CX-program and the simulator circuit uses Fluidsim simulator. The system components used are the main reservoir, pump, solenoid valve, valve, level sensor, and light indicator. The system is organized by dividing inputs and outputs that are directly integrated into the PLC system. The components are arranged using fluidsim and the PLC control system using CX-Programmer using ladder logic language. The control system integration and system circuitry are connected using KeepServerEX. The output of this system is a successful operation function and a digital system response to the time of the system. From the results of the system response provides a fairly good timeliness so that this irrigation system can be considered in the implementation of fertilizer delivery system

The control system in agriculture is an important study to regulate the application of fertilizers to plants.The control system can use PLC control system which has good system robustness and easy program language.The purpose of this research is to design a simulated fertilizer irrigation system based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) system.The PLC program used is CX-program and the simulator circuit uses Fluidsim simulator.The system components used are the main reservoir, pump, solenoid valve, valve, level sensor, and light indicator.The system is organized by dividing inputs and outputs that are directly integrated into the PLC system.The components are arranged using fluidsim and the PLC control system using CX-Programmer using ladder logic language.The control system integration and system circuitry are connected using KeepServerEX.The output of this system is a successful operation function and a digital system response to the time of the system.From the results of the system response provides a fairly good timeliness so that this irrigation system can be considered in the implementation of fertilizer delivery system

INTRODUCTION
The application of fertilizer to plants plays a very important role in agriculture.The application of fertilizers provides an increase in agricultural production with the addition of supplemental nutrients (Rehman et al. 2022;Roidah 2013).However, the application of nutrients must be in accordance with the appropriate amount and concentration.Applying fertilizer to plants in inappropriate amounts and concentrations will cause adverse effects on plants and the environment.Reported in relation to world problems summarized in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the inaccurate application of fertilizers can damage environmental ecosystems (Krasilnikov, Taboada, and Amanullah 2022) (Lin et al. 2019).In addition, the utilization of clean water as a fertilizer mixture needs to be considered in order to avoid water wastage.For this reason, appropriate technology is needed to control fertilizer application efficiently and effectively.
The development of increasingly advanced technology in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 provides increased efficiency and effectiveness in helping community activities (Dayioğlu and Türker 2021).With this technology, farmers are able to reduce the burden of performance in applying fertilizer or monitoring plants.Fertilizer application to plants can be done with an irrigation system, which is a fertilizer irrigation system to plants that are flowed through pipes.(Abashar, Mohammedeltoum, and Abaker 2017).
The irrigation process in this research is done with a dripping system.However, this irrigation system requires an automatic control system capable of working with a system that is regulated as needed.
Control systems that have been developed today are microcontrollers, such as Arduino, raspberry phi or ESP.(Eridani, Wardhani, and Widianto 2017).Each of these microcontrollers has its own advantages and has the same function, namely the control system.However, these microcontrollers have the disadvantage of being less able to integrate complex systems and a less extensive scope of use.For this reason, a possible control system is a control system with programmable logic control (PLC).
PLC is a hardware device used in industrial automation and process control (Saurav Vats, Neha Bansal, Garima Gurjar, Saurabh Kamat 2017).This system has I / O modules that are directly connected to sensor or actuator components and operated in the CPU.The advantages of PLC compared to microcontroller systems are good system robustness, flexibility of system design with young languages and equipped with data communication systems that can be monitored in the human machine interface (HMI).(Hanif, Mohammad, and Harun 2019).The disadvantage is that the price is quite expensive.For this reason, before hardware experiments are carried out, a simulation system is carried out to maximize the time efficiency of installing the system into the PLC ( (Raja and Professor 2018).The purpose of this research is to design a simulated fertilizer irrigation system based on PLC control.

System Simulator
PLC program design using CX-programmer (Omron) and CX-Simulator to simulate the ladder program.Because the PLC control system is in simulation, the irrigation system is schematically arranged in Fluidsim Hydraulic ver5 software (Festo).For integration between Fluidsim and CXprogram is connected with KeepServerEX software.

Components
The selection and number of irrigation system components are based on field data in the Greenhouse of Sumatera Institute of Technology.The plants that are the object of control are melon plants.The irrigation system components consist of 1 main reservoir containing a mixture of fertilizer and water from the well equipped with 2 level sensors, 2 water pumps used for water jetting with pressure, 6 solenoid valves used to open / close the water jetting in the pipe, 1 discharge sensor and 8 indicator lights fertilizer up to the plant.

Fertilizer Irrigation System
The schematic of the fertilizer irrigation system is shown in Figure 1.The main reservoir will be filled with a mixture of water and fertilizer with the volume of water determined by the upper limit level sensor.The fertilizer mixture is flowed using pump 1 to measure the nutrient level criteria with the fertilizer review sensor.Because this system is simulation-based, the review sensor is considered to have met the criteria so that it is directly flowed with pump 2. To regulate the discharge rate, it is measured by the discharge sensor and controlled by the opening of the solenoid valve.From this system, the control concept is designed using PLC.This control system is shown in Figure 2.

Ladder Programming
The language system of the PLC is a ladder logic language that uses a digital base.The conversion of irrigation system components to ladder logic is shown in Table 1.This ladder logic conversion component will be assembled to PLC programming and carried out the concept of irrigation system control logic shown in Figure 3. From the system, the input and output parts are divided as shown in Table 2 along with the system address integrated into the PLC system.The results that will be shown during simulation are time domain digital signals to show the accuracy of the system response.To regulate the flow by opening and closing the water flow to the irrigation drip based on the setpoint in the overall irrigation system.8 SV1 Indicator Q:100.07To signal that the nutrient water has flowed to the end of row 1. 9 SV2 Indicator Q:101.00To signal that the nutrient water has flowed to the end of row 2. 10 SV3 Indicator Q:101.01To signal that the nutrient water has flowed to the end of row 3. 11 SV4 Indicator Q:101.02To signal that the nutrient water has flowed to the end of row 4. 12 SVU Indicator Q:101.03To signal that the nutrient water has drained the entire row.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the irrigation system electrical circuit are depicted in Fluidsim on a PLC basis.The most important thing is to connect the input and output pins with the irrigation system components.Figure 3 shows the display of the PLC-based irrigation system in Fluidsim.

Ladder Logic Visualization
The results of the irrigation system design on the PLC are given by dividing each system procedure as follows: 1. Filling well water to liquid fertilizer in the reservoir.To know the volume of fertilizer mixture, a level sensor is given.This system is shown in Figure 4.  and when the nutrient water has flowed to all plants, the limit switch 4 with address I: 1.04 will be detected.plants then the limit switch 4 with address I: 1.04 will be detected and turn on the light indicator on SV4 with address Q:101.02.This system is shown in Figure 6.Sensor Data Reset there is a greater than (GRT) sensor data main discharge sensor, discharge sensor 4, discharge sensor 3, discharge sensor 2, and discharge sensor 1.This GRT is a comparison between the actual value and the specified setpoint value, source A is the actual value read on the discharge sensor and source B is the setpoint value.The GRT in the rung above produces a reset output with address W1.00 which functions to reset the sensor data every day.This system is shown in Figure 7.

CONCLUSION
The PLC-based irrigation system in this study provides maximum function results with a precise time even though it is still simulation-based.In the process of assembling the electrical system, PLC has the advantage, and the program language is easy to understand.For further development, it can be done experimentally to find out the obstacles that occur.In addition, supporting the industrial revolution 4.0 technology, an application system can be made on the devise for monitoring the system.

Figure
Figure 1.Design Fertilizer Irrigation System

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Block Diagram of PLC Base Irrigation System

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Flow Chart of Irrigation System flow by opening and closing the water flow to the irrigation drip based on the setpoint on the row 2 discharge sensor.flow by opening and closing the water flow to the irrigation drip based on the setpoint on the row 3 discharge sensor.flow by opening and closing the water flow to the irrigation drip based on the setpoint on the row 4 discharge sensor.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Ladder logic for level sensor on well

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Ladder Logic for Water Flow to the Pump

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Ladder Logic for Water Flow to the Pump to Plant

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Ladder Logic for Reset System on Sensor

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Digital Output Against Time on Irrigation System Components

Table 1 .
Convert Irrigation System to Ladder Logic

Table 2 .
Address of Input Components on a PLC

Table 5 .
Time Response of Each Irrigation System Component