Relationship of Age, Gender, Duration of Disease and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Zahrotunnisa Arizky; Kurniasari

doi:10.55927/mudima.v3i7.3505

Authors

Zahrotunnisa Arizky Universitas Trisakti
Kurniasari Universitas Trisakti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i7.3505

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopathy Diabetic, Age, Gender, Duration of DM Type 2

Abstract

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year. Indonesia is ranked fifth country with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus in the world. One of the complications that often occurs is diabetic retinopathy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic retinopathy. This research is an analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. All variable data in this study was obtained from medical records. A total of 91 samples were selected using consecutive non random sampling techniques. The chi square test showed a relationship between age (p=0,044; p<0,05), gender (p=0,040; p<0,05), duration of DM type 2 (p=0,046; p<0,05) and diabetic retinopathy. Age, gender, and duration of DM type 2 are factors that cannot be modified and affects the occurrence of retinopathy diabetic

References

Abildgaard, J., Tingstedt, J., Zhao, Y., Hartling, H. J., Pedersen, A. T., Lindegaard, B., & Nielsen, S. D. (2020). Increased systemic inflammation and altered distribution of T-cell subsets in postmenopausal women. PLoS ONE, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235174

Cherchi, S., Gigante, A., Spanu, M., Contini, P., Meloni, G., Fois, M., Pistis, D., Pilosu, R., Lai, A., Ruiu, S., Campesi, I., & Tonolo, G. (2020). Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetology, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology1010001

De Paoli, M., Zakharia, A., & Werstuck, G. H. (2021). The Role of Estrogen in Insulin Resistance: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. American Journal of Pathology, 191(9), 1490–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.011

Dewi Mulyani, L., & Afgani Ridwan, A. (2019). Gambaran Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Komplikasi Retinopati Diabetik pada Pasien Rawat jalan di RSUD Al Ihsan Tahun 2017-2019. SPeSia, 300–305.

Hasan, D. M. A., Islam, D. S. M. R., & Azad, D. M. A. K. (2023). A hospital-based cohort study on risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 38, 101219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2023.101219

Hertapanndika, I. N., Sutyawan, I. W. E., & Triningrat, A. A. M. P. (2020). PROFILRETINOPATI DIABETIK DI DIVISI VITREO–RETINA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR 1 JANUARI–30JUNI2015. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 9(3), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.24843.MU.2020.V9.i3.P07

IDF. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas.

Ilery, T., Sumual, V., & Rares, L. (2014). PREVALENSI RETINOPATI DIABETIK PADA POLIKLINIK ILMU KESEHATAN MATA SELANG SATU TAHUN 1. E-Clinic, 2(1).

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018.

Leley, S. P., Ciulla, T. A., & Bhatwadekar, A. D. (2021). Diabetic retinopathy in the aging population: A perspective of pathogenesis and treatment. In Clinical Interventions in Aging (Vol. 16, pp. 1367–1378). Dove Medical Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S297494

Lionardi, D., Ginting, C. N., & Chiuman, L. (2020). Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Estradiol Levels in Women in Reproductive Age. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 52(3), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v52n3.2079

Liu, L., Quang, N. D., Banu, R., Kumar, H., Tham, Y. C., Cheng, C. Y., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2020). Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large populationbased study. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0229665. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229665

Made, I., Wibawa, S., Budhiastra, P., Ketut, N., & Susila, N. (2018). KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR PERIODE. E-Jurnal Medika, 7(11), 2303–1395. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum

Martins, R. B., Ordaz-Briseño, S. A., Flores-Hernández, S., Bós, Â. J. G., Baptista-Rosas, R. C., & Mercado-Sesma, A. R. (2021). Comparison of prevalence of diabetes complications in Brazilian and Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00711-y

Nasrul, M., Suparta, G., Orijanto, W., Ayu, G., Raiasih, A., & Gunawan, R. (2021). Prevalensi Retinopati Diabetik pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus pada Komunitas Prolanis di Kota Mataram tahun 2018. Jurnal Kedokteran Unram, 10(3), 604–608.

Nentwich, M. M. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(3), 489. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.489

Primaputri, A., Sri Irmandha, K., Karim, M., Hapsari, P., Surdam, Z., & Rahmy Sujuthi, A. (2022). Hubungan Jenis Retinopati Diabetik dengan Lama Menderita Diabetes Melitus dan Kadar HbA1C. Fakumi Medical Journal, 2(8), 585–591.

Sasongko, M. B., Widyaputri, F., Agni, A. N., Wardhana, F. S., Kotha, S., Gupta, P., Widayanti, T. W., Haryanto, S., Widyaningrum, R., Wong, T. Y., Kawasaki, R., & Wang, J. J. (2017). Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Blindness in Indonesian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 181, 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2017.06.019

Setyoputri, N. T., Adi, S., & Sasono, W. (2017). PREVALENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI POLI MATA RSUD DR.SOETOMO. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, 9(1), 20–25.

Shaniaputri, T., Iskandar, E., Fajriansyah, A., Kedokteran, F., Ilmu, D., & Mata, K. (2022). Pusat Mata Nasional Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo, Bandung Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Puskesmas in Bandung Raya from. Bandung Raya EJKI, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.10.119.39

Sun, Q., Jing, Y., Zhang, B., Gu, T., Meng, R., Sun, J., Zhu, D., & Wang, Y. (2021). The Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5340453

Tilahun, M., Gobena, T., Dereje, D., Welde, M., & Yideg, G. (2020). Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among diabetic patients at debre markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 13, 2179–2187. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S260694

Wykoff, C. C., Khurana, R. N., Nguyen, Q. D., Kelly, S. P., Lum, F., Hall, R., Abbass, I. M., Abolian, A. M., Stoilov, I., To, T. M., & Garmo, V. (2021). Risk of blindness among patients with diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 44(3), 748–756. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0413

Yan, H., Yang, W., Zhou, F., Li, X., Pan, Q., Shen, Z., Han, G., Newell-Fugate, A., Tian, Y., Majeti, R., Liu, W., Xu, Y., Wu, C., Allred, K., Allred, C., Sun, Y., & Guo, S. (2019). Estrogen improves insulin sensitivity and suppresses gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor Foxo1. Diabetes, 68(2), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0638

Yau, J. W. Y., Rogers, S. L., Kawasaki, R., Lamoureux, E. L., Kowalski, J. W., Bek, T., Chen, S. J., Dekker, J. M., Fletcher, A., Grauslund, J., Haffner, S., Hamman, R. F., Ikram, M. K., Kayama, T., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., Krishnaiah, S., Mayurasakorn, K., O’Hare, J. P., … Wong, T. Y. (2012). Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 35(3), 556–564. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1909

Yusran, M. (2017). Retinopati Diabetik: Tinjauan Kasus Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana. In JK Unila | (Vol. 1).