Metabolic Syndrome in the Productive Age Group: A Holistic Health Promotion–Based Approach for Prevention and Management

Moch. Yunus; Tisnalia Merdya  Andyastanti; Erianto  Fanani

doi:10.55927/ajha.v4i2.15300

Authors

Moch. Yunus Universitas Negeri Malang
Tisnalia Merdya Andyastanti Universitas Negeri Malang
Erianto Fanani Universitas Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ajha.v4i2.15300

Keywords:

Metabolic Syndrome, Productive Age, Health Promotion, Holistic Intervention, PRISMA

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is an increasingly common cluster of cardiometabolic risks among the productive-age population. This Systematic Literature Review (PRISMA) identified holistic, health promotion–based strategies for its management. From 511 articles screened, 26 met the inclusion criteria. The findings show that combined interventions—physical activity, healthy diets, continuous education, behavioral modification, and supportive environments and policies—significantly improve metabolic syndrome indicators, including blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity. The review emphasizes integrating multiple components and leveraging technology to strengthen adherence. Overall, a holistic health promotion approach is effective for preventing and reducing metabolic syndrome in productive-age adults and provides valuable guidance for policymakers and public health practitioners.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bennett, W., Collins, J., Johnson, J., Slentz, C., Willis, L., Bales, C., Huffman, F., & Kraus, W. (2023). Effects of exercise amount and intensity versus a combined exercise and lifestyle intervention on metabolic syndrome in adults with prediabetes: A STRRIDE-PD randomized trial. Diabetes Care.

Blackford, K., Jancey, J., Lee, A. H., James, A. P., Waddell, T., & Howat, P. (2016). Home-based lifestyle intervention for rural adults improves metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: A randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 89, 15-22.

Cabrera, A. G., Caballero, P., Wanden-Berghe, C., Sanz-Lorente, M., & López-Pintor, E. (2021). Effectiveness of workplace-based diet and lifestyle interventions on risk factors in workers with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nutrients, 13(12), 4560.

Chen, D., Zhang, H., Wu, J., Liu, G., & Li, J. (2023). Effects of an individualized mHealth-based intervention on health behavior change and cardiovascular risk among people with metabolic syndrome: Application of the Behavior Change Wheel. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 11, e49257.

Lee, J.-S., Kang, M.-A., & Lee, S.-K. (2020). Effects of the e-Motivate4Change Program on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults Using Health Apps and Wearable Devices: Quasi-Experimental Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(7), e17031.

Lee, J. H., Lee, K. H., Kim, H. J., Youk, H., & Lee, H. Y. (2022). Effective prevention and management tools for metabolic syndrome based on digital health-based lifestyle interventions using healthcare devices. Diagnostics, 12(7), 1730.

Li, L., Li, Y., Sun, J., Buys, N., Ferguson, S., Shi, Y.-C., & Li, Z. (2023). The evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention on type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 15, 158.

Lubogo, D., Wamani, H., Mayega, R. W., & Orach, C. G. (2025). Effects of nutrition education, physical activity and motivational interviewing on metabolic syndrome among females aged 15–49 years in Wakiso, Uganda: A randomized parallel-group trial. BMC Public Health, 25, 21936.

Mahadzir, M. D. A., Quek, K. F., & Ramadas, A. (2021). Group-based lifestyle intervention strategies for metabolic syndrome: A scoping review and strategic framework for future research. Medicina, 57(11), 1169.

Mamun, A., Kitzman, H., & Dodgen, L. (2020). Reducing metabolic syndrome through a community-based lifestyle intervention in African American women. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(10), 1785-1794.

Marcos-Delgado, A., Hernández-Segura, N., Fernández-Villa, T., Molina, A. J., & Martín, V. (2021). The effect of lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 887.

Nakao, Y. M., Miyamoto, Y., Ueshima, K., Nakao, K., Nakai, M., Nishimura, K., & Nakao, K. (2018). Effectiveness of nationwide screening and lifestyle intervention for abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risks in Japan: The metabolic syndrome and comprehensive lifestyle intervention study on nationwide database in Japan (MetS ACTION-J study). PloS one, 13(1), e0190862.

Namen, M. V., Prendergast, L., & Peiris, C. (2019). Supervised lifestyle intervention for people with metabolic syndrome improves outcomes and reduces individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism, 101, 153988.

Okube, O. T., Kimani, S., & Mirie, W. (2022). Community-based lifestyle intervention improves metabolic syndrome and related markers among Kenyan adults. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 21(1), 607-621.

Park, S., Lee, J., Seok, J. W., Park, C. G., & Jun, J. (2024). Comprehensive lifestyle modification interventions for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 56(2), 249-259.

Powell, L. H., Appelhans, B. M., Ventrelle, J., Karavolos, K., March, M. L., Ong, J. C., ... & Kazlauskaite, R. (2018). Development of a lifestyle intervention for the metabolic syndrome: Discovery through proof-of-concept. Health Psychology, 37(10), 929.

Santos, I. S. C., Araújo, W. A. D., Damaceno, T. D. O., Souza, A. D. S., Boery, R. N. S. D. O., & Fernandes, J. D. (2022). Educational intervention in quality of life and knowledge of metabolic syndrome. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 35, eAPE02982.

Sequi-Dominguez, I., Alvarez-Bueno, C., Martinez-Vizcaino, V., Fernandez-Rodriguez, R., del Saz Lara, A., & Cavero-Redondo, I. (2020). Effectiveness of mobile health interventions promoting physical activity and lifestyle interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e17790.

Sjöros, T., Laine, S., Garthwaite, T., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Löyttyniemi, E., Koivumäki, M., Houttu, N., Laitinen, K., Kalliokoski, K. K., Sievänen, H., Vasankari, T., Knuuti, J., & Heinonen, I. H. A. (2023). Reducing sedentary time and whole-body insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(3), 342–353.

Taha, N. M., Zatoon, H. K., & Mohammed, M. A. (2022). Effect of Health Promoting Life Style Model on Self-Efficacy for Patient with Metabolic Syndrome. Zagazig Nursing Journal, 18(2), 30-46.

Thor, S. M., Yau, J. W., & Ramadas, A. (2021). Nutritional and lifestyle intervention strategies for metabolic syndrome in Southeast Asia: A scoping review of recent evidence. PLoS One, 16(9), e0257433.

Tjønna, A. E., Ramos, J. S., Pressler, A., Halle, M., Jungbluth, K., Ermacora, E., Salvesen, Ø., Rodrigues, J., Bueno, C. R., Jr., Munk, P. S., Coombes, J., & Wisløff, U. (2018). EX-MET study: Exercise in prevention of metabolic syndrome – A randomized multicenter trial: Rationale and design. BMC Public Health, 18, 437.

Tsushita, K., Hosler, A. S., Miura, K., Ito, Y., Fukuda, T., Kitamura, A., & Tatara, K. (2018). Rationale and descriptive analysis of specific health guidance: the nationwide lifestyle intervention program targeting metabolic syndrome in Japan. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 25(4), 308-322.

Wang, Q., Chair, S. Y., Wong, E. M. L., & Qiu, X. (2022). Actively incorporating lifestyle modifications into daily life: The key to adherence in a lifestyle intervention programme for metabolic syndrome. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 929043.

Watanabe, M., Yokotsuka, M., Yamaoka, K., Adachi, M., Nemoto, A., & Tango, T. (2017). Effects of a lifestyle modification programme to reduce the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition, 20(1), 142–153.

Wong, E. M. L., Leung, D. Y., Tam, H. L., Wang, Q., Yeung, K. W., & Leung, A. Y. (2021). The effect of a lifestyle intervention program using a mobile application for adults with metabolic syndrome, versus the effect of a program using a booklet: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 633-644.

Zhang, Y., Mei, S., Yang, R., Chen, L., Gao, H., & Li, L. (2016). Effects of lifestyle intervention using patient-centered cognitive behavioral therapy among patients with cardio-metabolic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 16(1), 227.

Zheng, X., Yu, H., Qiu, X., Chair, S. Y., Wong, E. M. L., & Wang, Q. (2020). The effects of a nurse-led lifestyle intervention program on cardiovascular risk, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviours among patients with metabolic syndrome: randomized controlled trial. International journal of nursing studies, 109, 103638.