The Influence of Entrepreneurial Literacy and Personal Characteristics on Innovative Capabilities through Family Involvement as an Intervening Variable

Nur Kholifah; Nasikh; Agus Hermawan

doi:10.55927/fjas.v2i12.7183

Authors

Nur Kholifah Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Malang
Nasikh Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Malang
Agus Hermawan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v2i12.7183

Keywords:

Entrepreneurial Literacy, Family Involvement, Personal Characteristics, Innovative Capability

Abstract

This research uses a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to predict and confirm the given hypothesis. This research uses Google Forms to collect data on learning citizens at PKBM in Mojokerto Regency. Respondents in this study were 314 respondents from the three schools that were used as research objects. The results showed that Entrepreneurial Literacy could not explain Family Involvement. However, the Personal Characteristics variable can explain Family Involvement and Innovative Capability. Furthermore, Personal Characteristics will have more influence on Innovative Capability,ifstrengthened by Family Involvement as a mediator variable. Meanwhile, Entrepreneurial Literacy will not have a greater influence on Innovative Capability, even though it is strengthened by Family Involvement as a mediator variable.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A Audu. (2022). Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Vocational Education in the Management of Education. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 6(7), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i07.004

Abdul, E., & Omolora. (2018). Munich Personal RePEc Archive Entrepreneurial skills and growth of Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs): A comparative analysis of Nigerian entrepreneurs and Minority entrepreneurs in the UK.

Adeel, S., Daniel, A. D., & Botelho, A. (2023). The effect of entrepreneurship education on the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour among higher education students: A multi-group analysis. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100324

Aichner, T., Grünfelder, M., Maurer, O., & Jegeni, D. (2021). Twenty-Five Years of Social Media: A Review of Social Media Applications and Definitions from 1994 to 2019. In Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking (Vol. 24, Issue 4, pp. 215–222). Mary Ann Liebert Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0134

Akram, W., & Kumar, R. (2017). A Study on Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media on Society. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 5(10), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v5i10.351354

Al Mamun, A., Fazal, S. A., & Muniady, R. (2019). Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, competencies and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0067

Alaref, J., Brodmann, S., & Premand, P. (2020). The medium-term impact of entrepreneurship education on labor market outcomes: Experimental evidence from university graduates in Tunisia. Labour Economics, 62, 101787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101787

Aliu, J., & Aigbavboa, C. (2021). Key generic skills for employability of built environment graduates. International Journal of Construction Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2021.1894633

Almahry, F. F., Sarea, A., Hamdan, A. M., & Al Mubarak, M. M. S. (2019). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurs’ Skills (pp. 183–197). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9377-5.ch009

Almeida, J., Daniel, A. D., & Figueiredo, C. (2021). The future of management education: The role of entrepreneurship education and junior enterprises. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100318

Arregle, J. L., Chirico, F., Kano, L., Kundu, S. K., Majocchi, A., & Schulze, W. S. (2021). Family firm internationalization: Past research and an agenda for the future. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(6), 1159–1198. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00425-2

Aydin, E., & Erol, S. (2021). The Views of Turkish Language Teachers on Distance Education and Digital Literacy during Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 9(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.1p.60

Barbee, A. P., Cunningham, M. R., Winstead, B. A., Derlega, V. J., Gulley, M. R., Yankeelov, P. A., & Druen, P. B. (1993). Effects of Gender Role Expectations on the Social Support Process. 6(Warner 1998), 287–298.

Bloch, E. M., Goel, R., Wendel, S., Burnouf, T., Al-Riyami, A. Z., Ang, A. L., DeAngelis, V., Dumont, L. J., Land, K., Lee, C. kwong, Oreh, A., Patidar, G., Spitalnik, S. L., Vermeulen, M., Hindawi, S., Van den Berg, K., Tiberghien, P., Vrielink, H., Young, P., … So – Osman, C. (2021). Guidance for the procurement of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: differences between high- and low-middle-income countries. Vox Sanguinis, 116(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12970

Bondarenko, O. M., & Pukha, V. S. (2021). ORGANIZATION OF CASH ACCOUNTING. In PROBLEMS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT. The Materials of the Scientific-Practical Online Conference Contain a Summary of the Reports of Research Works of Higher Education Seekers and Young Scientists in the Field.

Boholano, H. (2017). Smart social networking: 21st Century teaching and learning skills. Research in Pedagogy, 7(2), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.17810/2015.45

Chatterjee, S., & Kumar Kar, A. (2020). Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact: Empirical insights from India. International Journal of Information Management, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102103

Costin, Y., O’brien, M. P., & Slattery, D. M. (2018). Using Simulation to Develop Entrepreneurial Skills and Mind-Set: An Exploratory Case Study. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 30(1), 136–145. http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/

Covin, J., & Slevin, D. (2017). The Entrepreneurial Imperatives of Strategig Leadership. In Strategig Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset (First Edition). Blackwell Publishing.

Cui, J., Sun, J., & Bell, R. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset of college students in China: The mediating role of inspiration and the role of educational attributes. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.04.001

Chen, Z., Cao, H., Deng, Y., Gao, X., Piao, J., & Xu, F. (2021). Learning from home: A mixed-methods analysis of live streaming based remote education experience in chinese colleges during the covid-19 pandemic. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.344542

Corrales-Estrada, A. M., Gómez-Santos, L. L., Bernal-Torres, C. A., & Rodriguez-López, J. E. (2021). Sustainability and resilience organizational capabilities to enhance business continuity management: A literature review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158196

Daniel, A. D. (2016). Fostering an entrepreneurial mindset by using a design thinking approach in entrepreneurship education. Industry and Higher Education, 30(3), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422216653195

Daniel, A. D., Costa, R. A., Pita, M., & Costa, C. (2017). Tourism Education: What about entrepreneurial skills? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 30, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.002

Daud, K. A., Khidzir, K. A. M., Ismail, N. Z., & Abdullah, A. R. (2018). Validity and River. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7(3), 1026–1037. www.isdsnet.com/ijds

Din, W. M., Wahi, W., Wan Zaki, W. M. D., & Hassan, R. (2020). Entrepreneurship education: Impact on knowledge and skills on university students in Malaysia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 4294–4302. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080956

Djaelani, M., & Putra, A. R. (2021). Youth Empowerment to Grow Creative Business Interest. In Journal of Social Science Studies (Vol. 1, Issue 2).

Ellitan, L. (2020). Competing in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v10i1.657

Faggian, A., Partridge, M., & Malecki, E. (2016a). Creating an environment for economic growth: creativity, entrepreneurship or human capital? “Creating an environment for economic growth: creativity, entrepreneurship or human capital?” †.

Faggian, A., Partridge, M., & Malecki, E. (2016b). Creating an environment for economic growth: creativity, entrepreneurship or human capital? “Creating an environment for economic growth: creativity, entrepreneurship or human capital?”

Galvão, A., Marques, C., & Ferreira, J. J. (2020). The role of entrepreneurship education and training programmes in advancing entrepreneurial skills and new ventures. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6–7), 595–614. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2019-0174

Gavino, M. C., Williams, D. E., Jacobson, D., & Smith, I. (2019). Latino entrepreneurs and social media adoption: personal and business social network platforms. Management Research Review, 42(4), 469–494. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0095

Ghozali, & Latan. (2015). Partial least squares konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris (2nd ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Hahn, D., Minola, T., Bosio, G., & Cassia, L. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00143-y

Handayati, P., Wulandari, D., Soetjipto, B. E., Wibowo, A., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2020). Does entrepreneurship education promote vocational students’ entrepreneurial mindset? Heliyon, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05426

Hendayana, Y., Mulyadi, H., Reyta, F., & Halim, R. A. (2021). How Perception use of e-Filling Technology Enhance Knowledge of Indonesian Disability Taxpayers and Impact Tax Compliance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 1687–1696. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1830

Hernandez-Perlines, F., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Rodriguez-Garcia, M. (2021). Transgenerational innovation capability in family firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(1), 1-25., 1–25.

Hudson, M., Smart, A., & Bourne, M. (2001). Theory and practice in SME performance measurement systems. In International Journal of Operations and Production Management (Vol. 21, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005587

Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., Sánchez-García, J. C., & Mayens, A. W. (2019). Impact of Entrepreneurial Education Programs on Total Entrepreneurial Activity: The Case of Spain. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010025

Hyunanda, V. F., Ramírez, J. P., López-Martínez, G., & Meseguer-Sánchez, V. (2021). State ibuism and women’s empowerment in indonesia: Governmentality and political subjectification of chinese benteng women. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063559

Ibrahim, W. N. A., Bakar, Ab. R., Asimiran, S., Mohamed, S., & Zakaria, N. S. (2015). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions (TVET) In Malaysia. International Education Studies, 8(12), 141. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n12p141

Igwe, P. A., Okolie, U. C., & Nwokoro, C. V. (2019). Towards a responsible entrepreneurship education and the future of the workforce. International Journal of Management Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.05.001

Ilmudeen, A., Bao, Y., Alharbi, I. M., & Zubair, N. (2021). Revisiting dynamic capability for organizations’ innovation types: Does it matter for organizational performance in China? European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 507-532., 24, 507–532.

Intan, D. (2020). Analysis Of Entrepreneurship Education And The Use Of Social Media On Entrepreneurship Interest Of Students Faculty Of Economics Uki Toraja under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi

Jabeen, F., Faisal, M. N., & Katsioloudes, M. I. (2017). Entrepreneurial mindset and the role of universities as strategic drivers of entrepreneurship: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(1), 136–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-07-2016-0117

Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the impact of business management Student’s attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106275

Jiatong, W., Murad, M., Bajun, F., Tufail, M. S., Mirza, F., & Rafiq, M. (2021). Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Mindset, and Creativity on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724440

Khuluqo, I. el. (2016). Early Childhood Entrepreneurship Education : A Brief Description Of An Ideal Entrepreneurship Learning For Middle Childhood.

Kristiawan, M., Apriana, D., & Wardiah, D. (2019). Mapping Managerial Competence of Primary School Principals in South Sumatera View project Headmaster’s Competency In Preparing Vocational School Students For Entrepreneurship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 8, 8. www.ijstr.org

Kroll, A. (2015). Drivers of performance information use: Systematic literature review and directions for future research. Public Performance and Management Review, 38(3), 459–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2015.1006469

Lam, L., Nguyen, P., Le, N., & Tran, K. (2021). The relation among organizational culture, knowledge management, and innovation capability: Its implication for open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010066

Lubis, M. G., Dai, M., Sitorus, S., & Muda, I. (2022). The Usefulness and Format of The Statement Of Cash Flows Based on IFRS. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 7(1), 974–5823.

Libai, B., Bart, Y., Gensler, S., Hofacker, C. F., Kaplan, A., Kötterheinrich, K., & Kroll, E. B. (2020). Brave New World? On AI and the Management of Customer Relationships. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 51, 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.002

Liguori, E., & Winkler, C. (2020). From Offline to Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Education Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy (Vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 346–351). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420916738

Lockma, A. S., & Schirm, B. R. (2020). Online instruction in higher education: Promising, research-based, and evidence-based practices. In Journal of Education and e-Learning Research (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 130–152). Asian Online Journal Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.20448/JOURNAL.509.2020.72.130.152

Maryetti, Damanik, D., Yenny, M., & X. Setiyo Wibowo, F. (2019). Intentions and Motivations of Entrepreneurship towards Sahid Institute of Tourism Students Who are Entrepreneurs. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 32(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2019/v32i430183

Mason, A. N., Narcum, J., & Mason, K. (2021). Social media marketing gains importance after Covid-19. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1870797

Mauer, R., Neergaard, H., & Kirketerp Linstad, A. (2009). Self-Efficacy: Conditioning the Entrepreneurial Mindset. In International Studies in Entrepreneurship (Vol. 24, pp. 233–257). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_11

Mittal, P., & Raghuvaran, S. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and employability skills: the mediating role of e-learning courses. Entrepreneurship Education, 4(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00048-6

Morris, M. H., & Tucker, R. (2021). The entrepreneurial mindset and poverty. Journal of Small Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1890096

Mukhlis, I., Utomo, S. H., Yusida, E., & Sani, M. (2020). The Development of the Digital Economy in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Business in the Regional Economy. 2nd International Research Conference and Business 2018, Irceb 2018, 165–171. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008785001650171

Mukhtar, S., Wardana, L. W., Wibowo, A., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Does entrepreneurship education and culture promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1918849

Munir, M., Sinambela, E. A., Halizah, S. N., Khan Khayru, R., & Mendrika, V. (2022). Review of Vocational Education Curriculum in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Contribution to Rural Development. In Journal of Social Science Studies (Vol. 2, Issue 1).

Naumann, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial mindset: A synthetic literature review. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5(3), 149–172. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050308

Nugmanovna, M. A. (2022). The place and significance of social and legal control in the legal socialization of the individual in civil society. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 12(2), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2022.00070.3

Obi-Ani, N. A., Anikwenze, C., & Isiani, M. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483

Obschonka, M., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 487–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9798-6

Odia, J. O., & Odia, A. A. (2013). Developing Entrepreneurial Skills and Transforming Challenges into Opportunities in Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v4n3p289

Olanrewaju, A. S. T., Hossain, M. A., Whiteside, N., & Mercieca, P. (2020). Social media and entrepreneurship research: A literature review. In International Journal of Information Management (Vol. 50, pp. 90–110). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.011

Olutuase, S. O., Brijlal, P., & Yan, B. (2020). Model for stimulating entrepreneurial skills through entrepreneurship education in an African context. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786645

Park, J. Y., Sung, C. S., & Im, I. (2017). Does social media use influence entrepreneurial opportunity? A review of its moderating role. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091593

Pidduck, R. J., Clark, D. R., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2021). Entrepreneurial mindset: Dispositional beliefs, opportunity beliefs, and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Small Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1907582

Pulido, C. M., Ruiz-Eugenio, L., Redondo-Sama, G., & Villarejo-Carballido, B. (2020). A new application of social impact in social media for overcoming fake news in health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072430

Queirós, Faria, & Almeida. (2017). Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. European Journal of Education Studies, 3, 369–387.

Ratheeswari, K. (2018). Recent Trend of Teaching Methods in Education" Organised by Sri Sai Bharath College of Education Dindigul-624710. India Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 2018(3), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3S1.169

Ratten, V., & Jones, P. (2021). Entrepreneurship and management education: Exploring trends and gaps. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100431

Rippa, P., & Secundo, G. (2019). Digital academic entrepreneurship: The potential of digital technologies on academic entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 900–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.013

Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020a). Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Career Readiness in Secondary Students. Journal of Experiential Education, 43(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825920919462

Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020b). Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Career Readiness in Secondary Students. Journal of Experiential Education, 43(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825920919462

Saadat, S., Aliakbari, A., Alizadeh Majd, A., & Bell, R. (2022). The effect of entrepreneurship education on graduate students’ entrepreneurial alertness and the mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset. Education and Training, 64(7), 892–909. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2021-0231

Sariwulan, T., Suparno, S., Disman, D., Ahman, E., & Suwatno, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial Performance: The Role of Literacy and Skills. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.269

Scheibe, V. M., Brenner, A. M., Souza, G. R. De, Menegol, R., Almiro, P. A., & Sica, N. (2023). Brazilian Portuguese version. 1–10.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Metode penelitian untuk bisnis (6th ed.). Salemba Empat.

Tangkere, F. S., & Tambingon, H. N. (2022). THE ROLE OF VOCATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATIONS PERSONNEL IN PREPARING PROFESSIONAL. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, 03(01).

Tantawy, M., Herbert, K., McNally, J. J., Mengel, T., Piperopoulos, P., & Foord, D. (2021). Bringing creativity back to entrepreneurship education: Creative self-efficacy, creative process engagement, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15(December 2020), e00239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00239

Trevelyan, R. (2009). Entrepreneurial attitudes and action in new venture development. In ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION (Vol. 10, Issue 1).

Venesaar, U., Kolbre, E., & Piliste, T. (2006). Students ’ Attitudes and Intentions toward Entrepreneurship at Tallinn University of Technology. Tutwpe, May, 97–114.

Wong, W. Y., Sam, T. H., & Yu, S. W. (2020a). An Innovative, Practical-based and Commercial-based Approach: Techno-Commerce Entrepreneurship Shaping the Outcome-based Learning. Proceeding - 2020 IEEE 8th Conference on Systems, Process and Control, ICSPC 2020, 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC50992.2020.9305778

Wong, W. Y., Sam, T. H., & Yu, S. W. (2020b). An Innovative, Practical-based and Commercial-based Approach: Techno-Commerce Entrepreneurship Shaping the Outcome-based Learning. Proceeding - 2020 IEEE 8th Conference on Systems, Process and Control, ICSPC 2020, 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC50992.2020.9305778

Wu, Y., Nambisan, S., Xiao, J., & Xie, K. (2022). Consumer resource integration and service innovation in social commerce: the role of social media influencers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(3), 429–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00837-y

Young, R. (2020). Towards a Theory of Digital Entrepreneurship Mindset: The Role of Digital Learning Aptitude and Digital Literacy. TowardsaTheoryofDigitalEntrepreneurshipMindsetAmericasConferenceonInformationSystems. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341231859

Zahra, D. R., & Anoraga, P. (2021). The Influence of Lifestyle, Financial Literacy, and Social Demographics on Consumptive Behavior. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.1033

Zeng, L., Ye, J. H., Wang, N., Lee, Y. S., & Yuan, J. (2023). The Learning Needs of Art and Design Students in Chinese Vocational Colleges for Entrepreneurship Education: From the Perspectives of Theory of Entrepreneurial Thought and Action. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032366