Algorithms and Human Rights: The Impact of AI Technology on the Protection of Individual Rights

Authors

  • Muhammad Alfi Fadhlurrahman School of Strategic and Global Studies, Universitas Indonesia
  • Stanislaus Riyanta School of Strategic and Global Studies, Universitas Indonesia
  • Muhammad Reza Rustam School of Strategic and Global Studies, Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v3i10.11644

Keywords:

AI Transparency, Human Rights, Algorithmic Decision-Making, GDPR Compliance, Ethical AI

Abstract

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms on the protection of individual rights, with a focus on transparency and accountability. The research aims to analyze how regulations like the GDPR in the European Union influence AI decision-making processes to safeguard human rights. Using a comparative legal analysis method, this research investigates the role of prospective and retrospective transparency in ensuring that AI systems operate ethically and fairly. The results highlight that transparency significantly enhances accountability and user rights, particularly in preventing discrimination and promoting security. The study concludes that collaboration among policymakers, developers, and users is critical to aligning AI technologies with human rights principles, ultimately fostering more equitable and secure outcomes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Zoubi, O., Ahmad, N., & Hamid, N. A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Newsrooms: Ethical Challenges Facing Journalists. Studies in Media and Communication, 12(1), 401. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6587.

Arrieta, A. B., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Ser, J. Del, Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., García, S., Gil-López, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., Chatila, R., & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, Taxonomies, Opportunities and Challenges Toward Responsible AI. Information Fusion, 58, 82–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2019.12.012.

Bernal, J., & Mazo, C. (2022). Transparency of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Insights From Professionals in Computing and Healthcare Worldwide. Applied Sciences, 12(20), 10228. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010228.

Chatterjee, S., & Sreenivasulu, N. S. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: A Comprehensive Study From Indian Legal and Policy Perspective. International Journal of Law and Management, 64(1), 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2021-0049.

Du, J. (2024). Exploring Gender Bias and Algorithm Transparency: Ethical Considerations of AI in HRM. 4(03), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.53469/jtpms.2024.04(03).06.

Felzmann, H., Fosch‐Villaronga, E., Lutz, C., & Tamò-Larrieux, A. (2019). Transparency You Can Trust: Transparency Requirements for Artificial Intelligence Between Legal Norms and Contextual Concerns. Big Data & Society, 6(1), 205395171986054. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719860542.

Femi Osasona, N., Olukunle Oladipupo Amoo, N., Akoh Atadoga, N., Temitayo Oluwaseun Abrahams, N., Oluwatoyin Ajoke Farayola, N., & Benjamin Samson Ayinla, N. (2024). Reviewing the Ethical Implications of Ai in Decision Making Processes. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(2), 322–335. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i2.773.

Giunchiglia, F., Otterbacher, J., Kleanthous, S., Batsuren, K., Bogin, V., Kuflik, T., & Tal, A. S. (2021). Towards Algorithmic Transparency: A Diversity Perspective. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.05658.

Goad, D., & Gal, U. (2018). Understanding the Impact of Transparency on Algorithmic Decision Making Legitimacy. 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04091-8_6.

Haresamudram, K., Larsson, S., & Heintz, F. (2023). Three Levels of AI Transparency. Computer, 56(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.2022.3213181.

Hoseini, F. (2023). AI Ethics: A Call for Global Standards in Technology Development. 1(4), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aitech.1.4.1.

HOXHAJ, O., HALILAJ, B., & HARIZI, A. (2023). Ethical Implications and Human Rights Violations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Balkan Social Science Review, 22(22), 153–171. https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr232222153h.

Huang, X., Yusoff, Z. M., Nor, M. Z. B. M., & Labanieh, M. F. (2024). The Legal Challenges and Regulatory Responses to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in China. 335–347. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-352-8_26

Huriye, A. Z. (2023). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Examining the Ethical Considerations Surrounding the Development and Use of AI. American Journal of Technology, 2(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.58425/ajt.v2i1.142.

Jiang, S., Robertson, R. E., & Wilson, C. (2020). Reasoning About Political Bias in Content Moderation. Proceedings of the Aaai Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34(09), 13669–13672. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i09.7117.

Khair, M. A., Mahadasa, R., Tuli, F. A., & Ande, J. R. P. K. (2020). Beyond Human Judgment: Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on HR Decision-Making Efficiency and Fairness. Global Disclosure of Economics and Business, 9(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v9i2.730.

Kiseleva, A., Kotzinos, D., & Hert, P. De. (2022). Transparency of AI in Healthcare as a Multilayered System of Accountabilities: Between Legal Requirements and Technical Limitations. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.879603.

Lennartz, S., Dratsch, T., Zopfs, D., Persigehl, T., Maintz, D., Hokamp, N. G., & Santos, D. P. dos. (2021). Use and Control of Artificial Intelligence in Patients Across the Medical Workflow: Single-Center Questionnaire Study of Patient Perspectives. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e24221. https://doi.org/10.2196/24221.

Li, H., Yu, L., & He, W. (2019). The Impact of GDPR on Global Technology Development. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198x.2019.1569186.

Liu, S., & Luo, H. (2023). Examining Public Perceptions of Algorithm Transparency: An Empirical Analysis. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 21(1), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/21/20230108.

Mariani, K., & Lozada, F. V. (2023). The Use of AI and Algorithms for Decision-Making in Workplace Recruitment Practices. Journal of Student Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v12i1.1855.

McCall, C. J., DeCaprio, D., & Gartner, J. (2022). The Measurement and Mitigation of Algorithmic Bias and Unfairness in Healthcare AI Models Developed for the CMS AI Health Outcomes Challenge. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.29.22280537.

McGregor, L., Murray, D., & Ng, V. (2019). International Human Rights Law as a Framework for Algorithmic Accountability. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 68(2), 309–343. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000046.

Mészáros, J., Minari, J., & Huys, I. (2022). The Future Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Healthcare Services and Medical Research in the European Union. Frontiers in Genetics, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.927721.

Milossi, M., Alexandropoulou-Egyptiadou, E., & Psannis, K. E. (2021). AI Ethics: Algorithmic Determinism or Self-Determination? The GPDR Approach. Ieee Access, 9, 58455–58466. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3072782.

Müller, A., Mertens, S., Göstemeyer, G., Krois, J., & Schwendicke, F. (2021). Barriers and Enablers for Artificial Intelligence in Dental Diagnostics: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(8), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081612.

Olatunji Akinrinola, N., Chinwe Chinazo Okoye, N., Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile, N., & Chinonye Esther Ugochukwu, N. (2024). Navigating and Reviewing Ethical Dilemmas in AI Development: Strategies for Transparency, Fairness, and Accountability. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 18(3), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.3.0088.

Ore, O., & Sposato, M. (2021). Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Recruitment and Selection. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(6), 1771–1782. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2020-2291.

Radanliev, P., & Santos, O. (2023). Ethics and Responsible AI Deployment. https://doi.org/10.33774/apsa-2023-f1fkq.

Riedl, M. O. (2019). Human‐centered Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(1), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.117.

Roemmich, K. (2023). Emotion AI atWork: Implications forWorkplace Surveillance, Emotional Labor, and Emotional Privacy. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/udrf2.

Unver, M. B., & Asan, O. (2022). Role of Trust in AI-Driven Healthcare Systems: Discussion From the Perspective of Patient Safety. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care, 11(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/2327857922111026.

Upadhyay, U., Gradisek, A., Iqbal, U., Dhar, E., Li, Y.-C., & Syed-Abdul, S. (2023). Call for the Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare. BMJ Health & Care Informatics, 30(1), e100920. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2023-100920.

Wang, C., Zhang, J., Lassi, N., & Zhang, X. (2022). Privacy Protection in Using Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare: Chinese Regulation in Comparative Perspective. Healthcare, 10(10), 1878. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101878.

Wang, J., Mao, W., & Wenjie, W. (2023). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Sociopolitical and Legal Dimensions. 2(2), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.2.2.6.

Williamson, S. M., & Prybutok, V. (2024). Balancing Privacy and Progress: A Review of Privacy Challenges, Systemic Oversight, and Patient Perceptions in AI-Driven Healthcare. Applied Sciences, 14(2), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020675.

Yu, L., Li, Y., & Fan, F. (2023). Employees’ Appraisals and Trust of Artificial Intelligences’ Transparency and Opacity. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040344.

Zhu, T., Ye, D., Wang, W., Zhou, W., & Yu, P. S. (2022). More Than Privacy: Applying Differential Privacy in Key Areas of Artificial Intelligence. Ieee Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34(6), 2824–2843. https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2020.3014246

Downloads

Published

2024-10-24

How to Cite

Fadhlurrahman, M. A., Riyanta, S., & Rustam, M. R. (2024). Algorithms and Human Rights: The Impact of AI Technology on the Protection of Individual Rights. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(10), 3777–3792. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v3i10.11644