Reconceptualization of Population Data as a Human Right under Indonesian Positive Law

Ana Aniza  Karunia; Mohammad  Jamin; Adriana Grahani  Firdausy

doi:10.55927/jlca.v5i2.16704

Authors

Ana Aniza Karunia Universitas Sebelas Maret
Mohammad Jamin Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Adriana Grahani Firdausy Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/jlca.v5i2.16704

Keywords:

Population Data, Data Protection, Human Rights, Sui Generis Rights

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of public services has significantly increased the use of population data as a key instrument in governance, public services, and development planning. However, this expansion also raises serious concerns regarding the legal status and protection of such data. This study aims to analyze the nature of population data. Using a normative legal research method wih statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches, this research relies on secondary data obtained through documents study. The findings show that population data constitute personal data inherent to individuals, derived from life events, and closely related to identity, privacy, and human dignity. At the same time, it is managed by the state and utilized for public interests, placing it in a sui generis position, both personal and public in nature. The increasing economic utilization of population data further intensifies the tension between public interest and privacy protection. This study concludes that strengthening legal foundations, harmonizing regulations, and developing a comprehensive data protection system are essential to ensure that the use of population data remains aligned with the protection of human rights, particularly the right to privacy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Administrator of the Civil Registration Office of Banyumas. Utilization of Population Data. https://dindukcapil.banyumaskab.go.id/news/19542/pemanfaatan-data-kependudukan

Administrator of the Civil Registration Office of Buleleng. BPJS Kesehatan Optimizes the Use of e-KTP Card Readers. https://disdukcapil.bulelengkab.go.id

Administrator of the Civil Registration Office of Tegal. Banking Services. https://disdukcapil.tegalkab.go.id

Administrator of the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration. Cooperation between Dukcapil and Bimas Islam. https://dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id

Administrator of the Directorate General of Taxes. Integration of Population and Tax Data Towards the Implementation of NIK as NPWP. https://pajak.go.id/en/node/81216

American Convention on Human Rights.

ASEAN Human Rights Declaration.

Atmasasmita, R. Rekonstruksi Asas Tiada Pidana Tanpa Kesalahan. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. (2017).

Beni Ahmad Saebani and others, Metode Penelitian Hukum Pendekatan Yuridis Normatif. (2021).

Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam.

Constitutional Court Decision Number 5/PUU-VIII/2021.

Council of Europe Convention 108.

Directorate of National Population Data Integration. Evaluation Report on Population Data Utilization. (2025).

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe. Handbook on European Data Protection Law. Publications Office of the European Union. (2018).

European Union Data Protection Directive.

Faisal and others, ‘Genuine Paradigm of Criminal Justice: Rethinking Penal Reform within Indonesia New Criminal Code’, Cogent Social Sciences, 10.1 (2024).

Fitriono, R. A. Kebijakan Formulasi Hukum Pidana Dalam Melindungi Transaksi e-Commerce Di Indonesia. Penerbit NEM. (2023).

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Government Regulation Number 10 of 2023 on Types and Tariffs of Non-Tax State Revenue Applicable to the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Halstead, Peter. Unlocking Human Rights. Routledge. (2009).

Hartanti, Erni. Aspek Pidana Dalam Tindak Pidana Korporasi. Sinar Grafika. (2023).

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

Jeffrey Luther, ‘Twenty-First Century Financial Regulation: P2P Lending, Fintech, and the Argument for a Special Purpose Fintech Charter Approach’, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 168.4 (2020), 1013–1059.

Khakan Najaf, Ravichandran K. Subramaniam, and Osama F. Atayah, ‘Understanding the Implications of FinTech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending during the COVID-19 Pandemic’, Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, 12.1 (2022), 87–102.

Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 1992 on Banking.

Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration.

Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2006 on Population Administration.

Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.

Law Number 36 of 1999 on Telecommunications.

Law Number 39 of 1999 on Human Rights.

Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection.

Manik, S. Budi. Perlindungan Konsumen: Tinjauan Filosofis Dan Sosiologis. Universitas Airlangga Press. (2021).

Mawardi, Achmad. Hukum Siber Dan Perlindungan Konsumen Di Era Digital. Setara Press. (2021).

Michael, James R. Privacy and Human Rights: An International and Comparative Study, with Special Reference to Developments in Information Technology. UNESCO. (1994).

Mohd, Y. D., Dkk. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. (2024).

Nabila Aulia Rahma, Adi Fauzanto, Keri Pranata, Responsive Law System Of Financial Technology: Upaya Rekonstruksi Konsep Penyelesaian Sengketa Peer-To-Peer Lending. (2019).

Nasihuddin, A. A. Teori Hukum Pancasila. Elvaretta Buana. (2024).

OECD Privacy Guidelines.

Otniel Yustisia Kristian, ‘Perlindungan Hukum Pengguna Layanan Fintech P2P Lending Dari Tindak Pidana Ekonomi Dan Terhadap Penyedia Layanan Fintech P2P Lending Ilegal’, Majalah Hukum Nasional, 52.2 (2022), 297–320.

Personal Data Protection Act No. 709 of 2010.

Personal Data Protection Act Singapore.

Personal Information Protection Act.

Renggong, Ruslan, and Dyah Aulia Rachma Ruslan. Human Rights in the Perspective of National Law. Kencana. (2021).

Romli Atmasasmita. Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Perspektif Eksistensialisme Dan Abolisionisme. Mandar Maju. (2020).

Rosadi, Sinta Dewi. Privacy Data Aspects under International, Regional, and National Law. PT Refika Aditama. (2022).

Ryan Randy Suryono, Indra Budi, and Betty Purwandari, ‘Detection of Fintech P2P Lending Issues in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 7.4 (2021), e06782.

Sipghotulloh Mujaddidi, ‘Constionality of Human Right Limitation on Constitutional Court Decisions’, Jurnal Konstitusi, 18.3 (2021), 539–607.

Tempo Administrator. Continuing Collaboration, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and Dukcapil Utilize IKD. https://www.tempo.co

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948).

Zaenal Arifin and others, ‘Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Pengawasan Jasa Layanan Keuangan Berbasis Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending’, Jurnal Usm Law Review, 6.2 (2023), 712–723.

Zaidan, M. A. Menuju Pembaruan Hukum Pidana. Si