Evaluation of the Impact of Hybrid Working on Auditors' Self-Efficacy

Authors

  • Bethari Larasati Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Jakarta
  • Eliza Fatima Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i12.7692

Keywords:

Audit, External Auditor, Hybrid Working, Public Accounting Firm, Self Efficacy

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the concept of hybrid working in Public Accounting Firms (KAP) and its impact on self-efficacy after the COVID-19 pandemic who previously worked remotely. This research was conducted using a qualitative research method. The data source of this research was carried out by distributing questionnaires with 53 respondents from associate to manager level who work at Public Accounting Firm and interviews with 5 resource persons from senior associate to manager level from Big Four and Non-Big Four Firms. The results showed that in implementing the hybrid concept, Firms has disseminated the Firms' policy, provided support, provided facilities for collaboration and focus, as well as provided flexibility in determining work schedules. Self-efficacy arising from hybrid working shows experience, expertise, confidence, motivation, and auditor performance help auditors adapt to hybrid work. For this reason, this study recommends that the hybrid working model can be continued as a new working trend of auditors in KAP. This research is still limited to auditors below manager level and does not represent all KAP in Indonesia. This research provides an understanding of the concept of hybrid working which is a new work style choice in the auditor environment by looking at the auditor's personal self-efficacy.

References

Albitar, K., Gerged, A., Kikhia, H., & Hussainey, K. (2020). Auditing in times of social distancing: The effect of COVID-19 on auditing quality. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 169-178.

Almarzooqi, L., Sudholz,, B., Teychenne, M., Salmon, J., Hayward, B., Healy, G., & Timperio, A. (2018). Worker perceptions on working from home during COVID-19 pandemic empirical evidence from Bahrain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15 No. 5, 1-16.

Almodovar, G., Graves, C., & Victoravich, L. (2023). Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic: Understanding the disrupted work environment for audit professionals. SSRN, 1-21.

Anand, A., & Acharya, S. (2021). Employee Engagement in A Remote Working Scenario. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 119-127.

Arbanas, J., Hupfer, S., Raman, P., Silverglate, P., Loucks, J., & Steinhart, M. (2022). Hybrid workers seek the best of in-office and remote work. Retrieved from Deloitte Insights: https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/insights/industry/telecommunications/connectivity-mobile-trends-survey/2023/hybrid-work-challenges-statistics.html

Baatwah, S., Al-Ansi, A., Almoataz, E., & Salleh, Z. (2023). Self-efficacy, remote audit proficiency, effort, and performance in the COVID-19 crisis: An auditor’s perspective . Managerial Auditing Journal.

Bandura, A. (1977). In A. Bandura, Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change (pp. 191-215). Psychological Review.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs.

Bao, L., Li, T., Xia, X., Zhu, K., Li, H., & Yang, X. (2022). How does working from home affect developer productivity? A case study of baidu during COVID-19 pandemic. Science China Information Sciences, 1-15.

Bloom, N., Han, R., & Liang, J. (2022). How Hybrid Working From Home Works Out. NBER Working Paper Series, 1-51.

Castka, P., Zhao, X., Bremer, P., Mirosa, M., & Wood, L. (2021). Remote auditing and assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand and China. A report for New Zealand China Food Protection Network, Wellington, New Zealand: Learnings from the food industry and guidance for the future.

Chacon Vega, R., Gale, S., Kim, Y., Hong, S., & Yang, E. (2020). Does an open-plan office actually work? A workplace gap analysis: importance and perceived support of key activities. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 22 No. 4, 261-277.

Choudhury, P., Khanna, T., Makridis, C., & Chirmann, K. (2022). Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment. Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 22-063, 1-98.

Dahmen, C., Wöllecke, F., & Constantinescu, C. (2018). Challenges and Possible Solutions for Enhancing the Workplaces of the Future by Integrating Smart and Adaptive Exoskeletons. Procedia CIRP, 67, 268–273.

Davis, K., Kotowski, S., Daniel, D., Gerding, T., Naylor, J., & Syck, M. (2020). The Home Office: Ergonomic Lessons From the “New Normal”. Ergonomics in Design, 28(4), 4-10.

Davis, M., Leach, D., & Clegg, C. (2020). Breaking out of open-plan: Extending social interference theory through an evaluation of contemporary offices. . Environment and Behavior, 52(9), 945-978.

Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 25-36.

Eismann, T., Pakos, O., Rücker, M., Meinel, M., Maier, L., & Voigt, K. (2021). Understanding the mechanisms of activity-based workspaces: A case study. Environment and Behavior.

Emerald Publishing. (2023, November 27). How to...Use mixed methods research. Retrieved from Emerald Publishing: https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/how-to/research-methods/using-mixed-methods-research#advantages-disadvantages

Ernst, B., Banks, G., Loignon, A., Frear, K., Williams, C., Arciniega, L., . . . Subramanian, D. (2022). Virtual Charismatic Leadership and Signaling Theory: A Prospective Meta-Analysis in Five Countries. The Leadership Quarterly 33, 1-19.

Felstead, A., & Reuschke, D. (2020, August). Homeworking in the UK: before and during the 2020 lockdown. Retrieved from The Regional Studies Association: https://www.regionalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Homeworking-in-the-UK_Report_Final_3.pdf

Gallagher, M. (2012). Self-Efficacy . In M. W. Gallagher, Encyclopedia of Human Behaviour (Second Edition) (pp. 314-320). Elsevier Inc.

Gratton, L. (2021). How to Do Hybrid Right. Harvard Business Review.

Haan, K., & Main, K. (2023, Juni 12). Remote Work Statistics and Trends in 2023. Retrieved from Forbes Advisor: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/remote-work-statistics/

Hilberath, C., Kilmann, J., Lovich, D., Tzanetti, T., Bailey, A., Beck, S., . . . Woolsey, K. (2020). Hybrid Work Is the New Remote Work . BCG.

Hill, E., Allen, S., Grzywacz, J., & Matz, C. (2008). Defining and Conceptualizing Workplace Flexibility. Community Work & Family • May 2008, 149-163.

ICAEW. (2021, September 3). Hybrid working: the future of audit. Retrieved from ICAEW: https://www.icaew.com/insights/student-insights/student-insights-2021-archive/hybrid-working-the-future-of-audit

Imperial College London. (2023, November 20). General self-efficacy scale. Retrieved from Imperial College London: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/education-research/evaluation/what-can-i-evaluate/self-efficacy/tools-for-assessing-self-efficacy/general-self-efficacy-scale/#:~:text=This%20is%20typically%20assessed%20by,for%20measuring%20general%20self%2Defficacy.

Iqbal, K., Khalid, F., & Barykin, S. (2023). Hybrid Workplace: The Future of Work. Sustainability, 28-48.

Kashive, N., Khanna, V. T., & Powale, L. (2022). Virtual Team Performance: E-Leadership Roles in the Era of COVID-19. Journal of Management and Development, 277-300.

Kirkham, A. (2022, November 10). Envoy. Retrieved from What is hybrid work and why do employees want it: https://envoy.com/blog/what-is-a-hybrid-work-model/

Kominfo. (2023, Juni 30). Inilah Keppres Penetapan Akhir Status Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Retrieved from Kominfo: https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/49930/inilah-keppres-penetapan-akhir-status-pandemi-covid-19-di-indonesia/0/berita

Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, A. (2021). The new paternalism? The workplace as a place to work—And to live. Sage Journals, 28-48.

Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, A. (2021). The new paternalism? The workplace as a place to work—and to live. Organization, 28(6), 949-975.

Leddy, C. (2023, July 7). How Hybrid Work Can Improve Workplace Mental Health. Retrieved from Robin Powered: https://robinpowered.com/blog/how-hybrid-work-can-improve-workplace-mental-health

Lenka, D. (2021). Unique Hybrid Work model-The future of remote work. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 2687-2697.

Lenka, R. (2021). Unique Hybrid Work model-The future of remote work. Journal of Archaeology, 2687-2697.

Lussak, A., & Darmawan, I. (2022). Examining the Impact of IT Experience, Training, Self-Efficacy and Anxiety on Remote Work Quality in Indonesia. 2022 4th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System, 1-4.

Meyer, C. (2022, April 1). How accounting firms deal with hybrid working . Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2022/apr/accounting-firms-hybrid-working.html

Naseer, S., Khalid, S., Parveen, S., Abbass, K., Song, H., & Achim, M. V. (2023). COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy. Frontiers.

Ng, C. F. (2010). Teleworker’s home office: An extension of corporate office? . Facilities, 28 (3/4), 137-155.

Shue, C. L., Jau, M. S., Sang, B. T., Tzu, L. L., & Weiwei, D. (2016). A comprehensive survey of government auditors’ self efficacy and professional development for improving audit quality. Lee et al. SpringerPlus , 1-25.

Sokolic, D. (2022). REMOTE WORK AND HYBRID WORK ORGANIZATIONS. 78th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development – , 202-213.

Staples, D., Hulland, J., & Higgins, C. (2006). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. A Self-Efficacy Theory Explanation for the Management of Remote Workers in Virtual Organizations.

Teeter, R., Alles, M., & Vasarhelyi, M. (2010). The Remote Audit. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 73-88.

Thomas, D. (2021, March 1). Employers aim for hybrid working after Covid-19 pandemic. Retrieved from Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/d2ad4ae3-6b40-4051-a6fe-6f8a75924e30

Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society Vol.41 (1), 155-167.

World Health Organization. (2020, April 27). Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19. Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19

Yang, E., Kim, Y., & Hong, S. (2021). Does working from home work? Experience of working from home and the value of hybrid workplace post-COVID-19 . Journal of Corporate Real Estate.

Downloads

Published

2024-01-09

How to Cite

Larasati, B., & Fatima, E. (2024). Evaluation of the Impact of Hybrid Working on Auditors’ Self-Efficacy. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(12), 5253–5278. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i12.7692